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BİR MEŞŞÂÎ FİLOZOFUN GAZZÂLÎ ALGISI: İBN RÜŞD’ÜN GÖZÜYLE GAZZÂLÎ

Author(s): Atilla Arkan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 27/2013

In this research I will focus on the main and central features of Averroes'perception of Ghazali instead of concentrating on polemical debates between two thinkers. In other words, how Averreos, as an Peripatetic Philosopher, perceives Ghazali? What are the main characters of his perception regarding Ghazali? Consequently I hope that Ghazali's thought can be grasped more deeply and profoundly from another point of view. This research also may enlighten the relationships between theology and philosophy through Averroes's perception of Ghazali. First of all, Avrroes recognize and appreciates Ghazali's intellectual capacity, his deep effect and religious authority on Islamic Society very well. Secondly for Averroes mainly perceive Ghazali as Asharitean theologian. This fact guides Ghazali's thoughts directly or indirectly. Thirdly Averroes considers Ghazali who does not aim to discover the truth in itself and does not follow the demonstrative reasoning namely burhan. Therefore he grasped inappropriate conclusions regarding the theoretical subjects and the position and the intentions of the philosophers. Lastly, Averroes observes Ghazali as inconsistent and variable thinker regarding many theoretical subject such as the attribute of the hereafter, condemnation of the philosopher with heresy and whether there are mediatory existents between First Principle and sublunary worlds.

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SEYFUDDİN EL-ÂMİDÎ VE DEKÂ’İKU’L-HAKAİK Fİ’L-MANTIK ADLI ESERİ

Author(s): Şerefettin Adsoy / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 26/2012

Sayf al-Dīn al-Āmidī, who lived in XIII-th century and was one of the eminent philosophers in this century particularly in the fields of philosophy and Islamic theology. al-Āmidī, wrote over twenty works about various scientific fields such as, philosophy, logic, Islamic theology and methodology of Islamic jurisprudence (usūl al-fıkh). His works have been accepted as reference materials from scholars of following generations. In this study, after a brief overview of alĀmidī's life, scientific personality and works, we focus on the edition and assessment of his work, Daqāiq al-haqāiq fī al-mantiq, on the syllogism (qiyās) which is the main interest of logic.

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İBN RÜŞD FELSEFESİNİN LATİN DÜNYASINDA TANINMASI VE LATİN İBN RÜŞDÇÜLÜĞÜ

Author(s): Şeniz Yıldırımer / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 25/2012

Ibn Rushd, who became one of the most distinguished scholars of the Andalus traditions among the Islamic faith, had considerable fame in the West rather than the East and his influence notably continued for centuries. The emergence period and the spread of Ibn Rushed’s philosophy, known as ‘Averroes’ and “the Great Interpreter” of Aristotles in the European intellectual traditions had a great initiative impact on the Renaissance movement. The influence of ‘Latin Averroism’ emerging after a short time following his death spanned through the modernist period, therefore it became possible to observe his impact on the successive philosophers and thinkers of this time. In this study, the emergence of Latin Averroism and the recognition of Ibn Rushd and his philosophy in the Latin intellectual traditions, which is the standpoint in the Western world, will be examined.

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JOHN LOCKE EPİSTEMOLOJİSİNDE BİLGİ VE İMAN

Author(s): İbrahim Bor / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 24/2011

This work explores the primary components of epistemology, its justification and epistemological relations from John Locke’s perspective. John Locke is widely known as one of the founders of the theory knowledge. One of the arguments to be proven in this work is though the main attribute (quality, characteristic) of knowledge is “certainty” based on experience and/or rational argumentation, the epistemological function of “faith” steps in at the point where the limit of the certain knowledge ends. In this regard, it is asserted that in the Lockean epistemology the relation of faith and knowledge can be established in a way called negative epistemology.

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Stvaralačka imaginacija – nebeska zemlja simbola

Author(s): Rešid Hafizović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2019

The creative imagination is the one which shows to each sober Muslim soul, a believing and thinking soul, things as they are, and reveals to it the core faces of entities of higher worlds, whereas it always shows mere forms, masks and “apparent faces” of things and phenomena of lower worlds to the soul who is not a believing and thinking soul. The creative imagination maintains such relations with each and every soul in the act of believing,the act of knowing and the act of hermeneutic reading (ta’wīl/ta‘bīr) of “God’s speech”, as well as “The Book of the Existing” (Kitāb al-mawjūdāt) and “The Book of Letters” (Kitāb al--hurufāt), since, in Islam, the act of believing, knowing and reading is completely equal to the act of being or existing.To forget the language of the creative imagination (lugha al-khayāl) means to deprive of the true “face/Face”everything that God, in His own creative endeavor, has touched with“His Two Hands” (Sād, 75) and sealed (tab‘ – hence tabī‘a, the primordial nature) with a seal of the founding determination of proper Names.

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Mundus Imaginalis ili Imaginarno i Imaginalno

Author(s): Henry Corbin / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2019

This essay deals with the organ that permits penetration into the mundus imaginalis, the migration to the “eighth climate.” What is the organ by means of which that migration occurs - the migration that is the return ab extra ad intra (from the exterior to the interior), the topographical inversion (the intussusception)? It is neither the senses nor the faculties of the physical organism, nor is it the pure intellect, but it is that intermediate power whose function appears as the preeminent mediator: the active Imagination. We ought here to examine the extensive theory of the witnesses to that other world. We ought to question all those mystics who, in Islam, repeated the visionary experience of the heavenly assumption of the Prophet Muhammad (the mi’raj), which offers more than one feature in common with the account, preserved in an old gnostic book, of the celestial visions of the prophet Isaiah. There, the activity o f imaginative perception truly assumes the aspect of a hierognosis, a higher sacral knowledge. But in order to complete our discussion, I will limit myself to describing several features typical of accounts taken from Shi’ite literature, because the world into which it will allow us to penetrate seems, at first sight, still to be our world, while in fact the events take place in the eighth climate-not in the imaginary, but in the imaginal world, that is, the world whose coordinates cannot be plotted on our maps.

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Izbor iz tradicionalnih spisa

Author(s): Henry Corbin / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2019

This is a chapter from the book entitled Spiritual Body and Celestial Earth: From Mazdean Iran to Shi‘ite Iran by Henry Corbin, English translation by Nancy Pearson, Princeton University Press, USA, 1989, pp. 118-179. The book has two volumes. The first volume is entitled Towards the Imaginary; the second volume presents the main ideas and texts of great divine sages who contemplated this topic. Due to space constrains, the first 8 out of 11 authors discussed by Henry Corbin are presented as follows: Sheikh Išrāq Suhrawardi, Ibn ‘Arebi, Dā’ūd Qaysari, ‘Abd-al Karīm Ğīlī, Shamsuddīn Muhammad Ğīlānī Lāhīğī, Mulla Sadra Širazi, Mullā ‘Abd al-Razzāq Lāhīğī, Muhsin Fayz Kāshānī.

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MODEL İLE ENGAGEMENT ARASINDA DİN FELSEFESİ: Abdulkerim Süruş Örneği Üzerinden Bir Tartışma

Author(s): Recep Alpyağıl / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 19/2009

In this article, it is assumed that there is a searching tendency, methodological, in the philosophy of religion; and it is more moderate way to appreciate the modern philosophical paradigms as a model -not just as an engagement. The problem is exemplified in Abdolkarim Soroush' thought that we could discuss him more objective way.

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EBÜ’L-FEREC İBNÜ’T-TAYYİB’İN EİSAGOGE ŞERHİ

Author(s): Ferruh Özpilavcı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 19/2009

This article examines Ibn al-Tayyib's commentary on Porphyry's Eisagoge which was as much influential in Islamic, as it was in medieval Latin scholastic logic. In Islamic logic, as in the Alexandrian and Syriac before it, Eisagoge, means „Introduction‟, was put at the head of the Aristotelian Organon. The importance which the Muslim scholars attached to the Eisagoge of Porphyry is evident from the large number of commentaries they wrote on it. Many of the philosophers such as, Farabi, Ibn Sina and Ikhwan al-Safa produced their own Îsâgûcî, or Madhal which means „Introduction‟ in Arabic. Abu al-Faraj Ibn Al-Tayyib, notable Iraqi Nestorian philosopher, physician, theologian, and canon lawyer who flourished in Baghdad in the first half of the eleventh century, wrote a commentary on Porphyry's Eisagoge, the kind of which is usually called Great or Long Commentary. This study explores Ibn al-Tayyib's statements, opinions, his Aristotelian point of view and his contributions to Logic throughout his „Commentary‟ which he saw it as one of the best ways of philosophizing.

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BÜYÜK PATLAMA TEORİSİ KELÂM KOZMOLOJİ ARGÜMANINI DESTEKLER Mİ?

Author(s): Rahim Acar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 14/2006

One type of cosmological argument appeals to the idea that the universe began to exist. This argument was originally devised by medieval Muslim theologians. William Lane Craig reintroduced their argument from the beginning of the universe as the Kalam cosmological argument. On the basis of the standard big bang model, Craig attempts to support the premise that the universe began to exist. I argue against Craig’s view, and defend that the scientific data does not show that the universe began to exist. I support this claim by appealing to the equivocal use of the term universe in physical sciences and in religious or philosophical literature and to the lack of data beyond the Planck era.

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Religija pred „sudištem uma“

Author(s): Spahija Kozlić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 22/2014

On the trail of two motives: a hint that in the spirit of logos »advertises« or anticipates the absolute and, therefore, its necessary anthropomorphic perception, this paper aims to re-think the notion of religion as a dominant supraview in a global world. It is necessary to distinguish religion from faith, or delineate the immanent religious institutions of the individual »needs« for transcendence. Such a request is in the history ever manifested as a resistance against the channeling of individual views towards “heaven” which cannot be translated into the ritual and collective statutes. Strengthening collectivism, including those of religious sort, typically warn of the suppression of freedom as a state in which no one can force me to be happy in their way (Kant). In the form of discussion, I want to emphasize that philosophy should leave the obvious position of spokesman of religion in order to prevent its oxymoronic conversion into a religious philosophy. Furthermore, if philosophy becomes preaching, it will impoverish the offers of the absolute sense and cooperate in the process of imposing (hence impoverishment) image of the god.

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Posredovanje Spinozizma. Uvodna reč o tzv. sporu o panteizmu

Author(s): Stanko Vlaški / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 19/2013

The so-called pantheism controversy raised about 1783. out of the Jacobi’s assertion that Lessing was a Spinozist and interest in philosophy of Spinoza since then have been increased. This is the historical significance of the pantheism controversy. The philosophical one lies in the fact that the most important philosophical doctrines of these times were formed through the confrontation with the revitalized Spinozism. Because of that, the author in this paper examines the assumptions, circumstances and the course of the dispute, considering the standpoints of its best known participants. At the end of the final chapter, he is trying to find the implications of the controversy in the contemporary philosophical debates, too.

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Etika i egzegetika ideja filozofske teologije u Kantovom spisu o religiji

Author(s): Stanko Vlaški / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 18/2012

The philosophical theology of Kant’s Religion within the boundaries of mere reason could be understood as an interpretation of religious contents by his moral philosophy if one does not ignore that this interpretation - as an actualization of the way how one ought to interpret religious objectifications - is the moral act too, which confirms the basic thesis of the primacy of practical reason. The author approaches Kant’s thematization of religious contents from this standpoint and he is trying to show that the source of the philosopher’s two-century long dispute with the exponents of a historical faith is hiding in the nature of the relation between Kantian moral consciousness and objectivity in general.

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Problemi Fihteovog zasnivanja vere. Uvodna reč o tzv. sporu o ateizmu

Author(s): Damir Smiljanić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 18/2012

Jedan od načina da se rizikuje sopstveni ugled u filozofiji jeste da se pokrene kontroverza – posebno ako je ta kontroverza nepotrebna, ako je rezultat suštinskih nesporazuma. Upravo u jednu takvu kontroverzu je silom prilika (ili bolje reći: neprilika) upao niko drugi do Fihte, jedan od onih filozofa koji su ceo svoj život pokušavali da budu adekvatno shvaćeni od svoje intelektualne okoline. Iako je po sopstvenom ubeđenju svoju filozofiju pokušao što jasnije izraziti i unapred isključiti moguće nesuglasice i tendenciozna pitanja, njegova namera je često puta proizvodila suprotne efekte: iako se deklarisao kao najkonsekventniji Kantov sledbenik, mnogi među njegovim savremenicima nisu delili njegovo mišljenje (među njima i sam Kant), a mnoga prijateljstva je morao okončati zbog suprotnosti filozofskih stavova. [...]

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O osnovu naše vere u božanski poredak sveta

Author(s): Johann Gottlieb Fichte / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 18/2012

Pisac ovog članka je već odavno smatrao svojom dužnošću da rezultate svog filozofiranja o gore navedenom predmetu, koje je dosad iznosio u sali za predavanje, predstavi široj filozofskoj javnosti, kako bi ih ona preispitala i učinila predmetom zajedničke rasprave. On je to hteo da učini sa onom određenošću i tačnošću, na koju po mišljenju mnogih časnih duhova svakog pisca obavezuje svetost materije koja se obrađuje; međutim, njegovo vreme je bilo ispunjeno drugim radnim obavezama, tako da se izvođenje njegove namere odužilo. [...]

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Dekart i sholastička filozofija: problem boga

Author(s): Una Popović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 17/2012

The concept of God in this essay is analyzed through similarities and differences of its forging and development in philosophy of Descartes, and the tradition of scholastic philosophy. The author is trying to reveal the way in which Descartes’ thought was determined by this philosophical tradition, both in its critical aspects and in the view of continuity of history of philosophy. Given analysis is to reveal the mechanisms of Descartes’ reforging of scholastical idea of God and the strategies of its argumentative foundation in the philosophical concept of God.

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KLASİK ESER [DE ANİMA] OKUYUCUSU VE ŞARİHİ OLARAK İBN RÜŞD

Author(s): Atilla Arkan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 12/2005

İbn Ruchd is one of the important readers and commentators of Aristotelian philosophical classical books. This study, firstly, aims to explain that why Aristotle’s De Anima is perceived as one of main classical book regarding psychology by Muslim philosophers. De Anima determines basic subjects and problems of psychology and builds explanatory concepts and theories within logical consistency. Beside that De Anima tries to solve the main problems of human beings such as the meaning of life, freedom, justice and happiness. Further, for Ibn Ruchd, Aristotelian philosophical literature gives the opportunity to establish an harmonious and consistent human understanding. As a part of this literature, De Anima plays an essential role in constructing the relations among God, the nature and human beings. Ibn Ruchd’s three commentaries on De Anima are different attempts and examples of understanding and commenting. Therefore, this study tries to determine the characteristics of these commentaries from the perspective of writing gender and evaluation. Finally this study tries to determine the techniques of Ibn Ruchd which he uses in his commentaries, and general principles which he considers very seriously. Considering these general principles, some of the differences between Aristotle and Ibn Ruchd may be understood very well.

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THOMAS AQUINAS’TA MUTLULUK

Author(s): Muammer İskenderoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 11/2005

Thomas Aquinas is one of the greatest thinkers of Christianity. His ethical theory, together with the theories of Augustine and Abelard, constitutes one of the main ethical theories of Medieval Christianity. Aquinas develops his theory most extensively and systematically in the Second Part of the Summa Theologica. For Aquinas ethics has two principal topics: first, what is the ultimate goal of human being, and second, how that goal is to be achieved. The aim of this study is to present Aquinas’ understanding of happiness in general. For this reason it will discuss the following questions: What is the ultimate goal of human being? What constitutes man’s happiness? What is happiness? What are the things required for happiness? Whether happiness can be attained? The article concludes that Aquinas tries to harmonize Aristotelian ethics with Christianity, and in doing so he adds new dimensions to the Aristotelian ethics.

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GAZÂLÎ’NİN MANTIK VE DİNİ OLMAYAN İLİMLERE BAKIŞI

Author(s): Michael E. Marmura,İbrahim Çapak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 11/2005

Diğer şeyler arasında, Gazâlî’nin (ö.1111) dini ve entelektüel kariyeri, onun bağlı olduğu Eş’ari kelam okulu tarihinin dönüm noktasını oluşturur. Bu okul, dönemin önde gelen kelam ekolü olan Mutezile’nin bir mensubu olarak kariyerine başlayan fakat daha sonra Mutezilenin temel prensiplerine aykırı bir teoloji ortaya koyarak geliştiren Eş’ari (ö.324/935) tarafından kurulmuştur. Halefleri yoluyla Eş’arilik, yavaş yavaş hakim kelam okulu olma gücünü elde etmiştir.

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DİNİN TARİHSEL FENOMENOLOJİSİ: ALANI VE METODU

Author(s): Mariasusai Dhavamony,Fuat Aydın / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 10/2004

Dini çalışan her ilmi inceleme, araştırma konusu olarak dini olgular ve onların tezahürlerini ele alır. Onun malzemesi, dua gibi eylemlerde, kurban ve sakramentler gibi ayinlerde tezahür ettirdiği dini tutumunu, ifadesinin mitlerde ve sembollerde var olduğu şekliyle dini düşüncelerini, kutsal, tabiatüstü varlıklar ve tanrılar vs. hakkındaki dini inançlarında ifade edildiği şekliyle insanın dini hayatının ve davranışının gözleminden çıkartılır. Dini fenomenin bu bilimsel incelenmesi içinde, aynı konuyu araştırsalar da, bunu, kendi maksatlarına ve alanlarına uygun olan hususi yönleriyle ele alan farklı hususi disiplinler vardır.

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