Rodzaje odbitek występujących w grafice artystycznej w kontekście nieuczciwych zachowań uczestników rynku dzieł sztuki

Author(s): Olivia Rybak-Karkosz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 28/2021

The study analyses dishonest activities related to the types of copies of artistic prints, which are undertaken by participants of the art market. In the introduction, legal regulations concerning counterfeiting of artistic prints were discussed. Appropriate legal qualification of an act is important in the context of assigning criminal responsibility and the level of threat of punishment. As a rule, if an object is a historical monument within the meaning of the Act on the protection of historical monuments, the provisions of art. 109a are applied, which penalises counterfeiting or falsifying the historical monument in order to use it in the trade of historical monuments. Other cases are governed by art. 286 §1 of the Penal Code, which penalises fraud. However, not all actions undertaken by dishonest bidders and concerning the disposal of a plate or interference with the composition placed on it constitute forgery. Some of them constitute fraud, others, for example, deliberate lowering of the print run in order to artificially increase the demand for a given object. The article then lists the types of copies and briefly describes them. These include: copies made by the printmaker or a printmaking workshop working with the printmaker, copies with an original purpose other than commercial, posthumous copies, and copies from retouched plates, corrected or altered to some extent. The type of the copy is one of the factors determining the collector’s value of artistic prints. The last part of the study was devoted to state alteration, which is one of the ways of counterfeiting artistic prints. Condition alteration may be the effect of interference in the original plate or the copy itself. The final effect of the procedure is the change of the copy or the plate, which results in the adoption of a different state. Final conclusions are included at the end.

Zapach malarstwa – zapach sztuki (sensuous theory)

Author(s): Marta Leśniakowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The affective dimension of experience conceived as a factor organising the psyche is an essential current of the new humanities which accept the “sense-centric“ and multi-sensory perspective derived from French existential phenomenology and based on neuroaesthetics and osmosociology. It resolves the question concerning the manner in which assorted artistic practices are received as a direct multisensory experience upon successive stages of the origin and functioning of art – from the artist’s studio, where art is produced, to the museum/gallery, where it is presented. For the first time in Polish literature the text analyses the participation of scent in the creation and perception of painting by engaging the sensuous theory (Vivian Sobchack) devised by so-called film studies 2.0. The author cites numerous statements made by artists and recipients of art dealing with this theme as well as fragments of the belles lettres, at the same time indicating contemporary art and exposition practices based on scent as well as most recent scientific research (library of the scents of historical objects).

Finding a Dead Dove in the Refrigerator. The Anti-Shippers’ Call for Exclusion of Sensitive Content as a Means of Establishing Position in the Field of Fan Production

Author(s): Agnieszka Urbańczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The author of this paper uses Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory to discusses the anti-shipper movement and its call for exclusion of problematic content from online repositories of fanwork. Anti-shippers, who oppose indiscriminate inclusion of potentially harmful content and its creators in the field of fan production, are a relatively new and vocal faction inside the field. While the research on antis has focused on their methods of harassment and its effects on fan community, this paper discusses the conditions inside the field before the movement’s emergence, focusing on the affordances and terms of service of online fanwork repositories. The author proposes to treat the question of exclusion of sensitive content and its creators as one concerning the field’s autonomy, and presents the anti controversy as a way for newcomers to establish their position in the field and change its problematic.

From Braille Code to Smart Book Readers: Technology as a Tool for Reading Emancipation of the Visually Impaired Persons

Author(s): Kamila Albin / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

This paper illustrates how, over the course of the last two centuries, the autonomous access of the visually impaired to reading material has expanded. The author coins the term “reading emancipation” to describe these processes. She illustrates it by referring to her own research involving in-depth interviews with the visually impaired readers regarding the use of various forms of books, such as books printed in Braille, talking books and e-books. The author also traces the historical background of the transformation of alternative book formats, from the development and spread of Braille code to digital books. The description of the evolution of book formats is set against the background of the transformations taking place in Europe with a strong emphasis on the impact of these transformations on Poland.

“Tedious by Design.” Institutionalized Labor of Content Creators in the Game as a Service Model: The Path of Exile Case Study

Author(s): Mateusz Felczak / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

This study investigates the work of content creators in relation to developers and fans, focusing on digital platforms in a case study of the video game Path of Exile which functions in the game as a service (GaaS) model. The analysis was based on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a diverse group of aspiring content creators and on the assessment of data extracted from distribution, streaming, and social digital platforms. The institutionalized labor of content creators, which is subjugated to the live service model curated by the developers, could be characterized by the notions of transactional play, aspirational boredom, and gaming the markets. These three elements stand for the commodification of play time, substituting actual play with broadcasted footage, and actively shaping the in-game economy, respectively. The study acknowledges the rising importance of content creators as contributors to the financial well-being of a game employing the GaaS model, while raising awareness of the cultural, economic, ethical and health issues associated with it.

“Too Easy” or “Too Much”? (Re)imagining Protagonistic Enhancement through Machine Vision in Video Games

Author(s): Ragnhild Solberg / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

This article explores how video games that valorize techno-masculine imaginaries of superhuman domination also present humans as depending on computational and non-human agencies to succeed. Through close readings of Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare (Infinity Ward 2007) and Cyberpunk 2077 (CD Projekt Red 2020), I illustrate the close connection between machine vision and militarized visions of domination and agency. The analyses show how beyond-human vision enhances player characters and players, complicating the human-machine relationship in the process. Video games can build on and feed into anthropocentric and masculinist narratives. This article demonstrates how even when the technology appears to support these fantasies of human control, there are moments when it takes over or otherwise disrupts the god-like interventions of the human. By analyzing failures, glitches, and the consistent machine participation in the assemblage, I unpack explicit cases of machine agency as part of a broader assemblage, revealing a more complex power dynamics than those that are initially presented to the player. In doing so, this article demonstrates how the superhuman machine vision was never exclusively human to begin with. Understanding vision and agency as shared with machines both enables and complicates fantasies of dominance in video games.

Héros et antihéros dans les contes de Zola et la peinture de Manet

Author(s): Dorra Barhoumi / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2023

In literature just as in the art of painting, the representation of the romantic or pictorial hero is dependent on an antihero who designates, by the narration of facts or by the evocation of pictorial signs, the relationship, the influence or effect of one on the other. In Zola's tale The Convent we have tried to analyse the relationship between two little girls with different aspects in their behaviour by showing the link between their descriptions and the paintings by Manet. Since Zola and Manet are considered to be very good friends, this explains the inspiration they drew on from each other through their literary and artistic creations which contain echoes and correspondences, among other things, in the evocation of the status of the hero and the antihero.

Artistic Fabulation: Novel Forms of Heroes in the Visual Arts

Author(s): Tünde Varga / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

It is significant how the concept of Carlyle’s “heroic clear visuality” was challenged by late 19th-century Black Americans. Nicholas Mirzoeff points out two cases: Sojourner Truth’s tactic, “inverse visuality”, and W.E.B. Du Bois’ “veiled visuality”. My paper examines divergent art works or projects exhibited in 2021-22 to track how a shift from “heroic clear visuality” is present in new visual narratives which demand new ways of “looking”. In my view, new works are radical in their claim for a special form of opacity (Glissant): on the one hand, they recommend a more emphatic counter-visual narrative by Indigenous groups (the former anti-heroes). On the other hand, they demand a mode of bodily seeing – or rather sensing – with the represented (of new non-human heroes). (Haraway).

Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Merkez Kütüphanesi’nde Kayıtlı Üç Memlük Mushafının Kitap Sanatları Açısından İncelenmesi

Author(s): Abdurrahim Ayğan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2023

The 13th century is the period in which a significant change was observed in the writing and design of the mushaf in Islamic geography. The cultural destruction caused by the Mongol invasion and the crusades, the changing maps and the cultural policies of the Mamluks and Ilkhanids after the invasion constitute the historical background of this change. The Mamluks, who emerged as a military power and resisted the Mongol and crusader armies in the 13th century, had a prominent position in the art of the Middle Ages with the cultural policies they followed. For the Mamluk sultans, the design of a mushaf should have been as valuable as the design of a place of worship, so many artful Qur'ans prepared during this period have survived. In this study, three mushafs preserved in the Central Library of the Presidency of Religious Affairs and dated to the Mamluk period in catalog information were examined in terms of book arts. The first of these, the Mushaf numbered DIB 6342, has reached the present day in full. Although there is no colophon expression, from the foundation records on the entrance pages of the work, it is thought that the work entered Rumelia by the Ottomans in the 16th century and then was brought to Anatolia. Another complete manuscript is a Juz of the Holy Quran registered with the number DIB 749. The binding of this manuscript, which contains the 18th juz of the Qur'an, is original. The last manuscript examined is registered with the number DIB 6565. There are missing pages of this mushaf, which has a colophon expression, and it has survived to the present day in scattered form. These three copies, which we have examined, were written in the type of muhaqqak-rayhani, in accordance with a tradition institutionalized by Yâkût al-Musta'simi and her followers. In addition, it has been determined that the multi-armed star forms, which are frequently preferred in book decoration in Egypt, Syria and Anatolia, have been used in the two illuminated manuscripts since the middle of the 13th century. The variety of colors used in the zahriye and serlevha pages of the DİB 6342 and DİB 749 works, and the large plant-shaped designs accompanying the geometric forms evoke the new consept of ornamentation, which is thought to be one of the pioneers of the master artist İbrahim el-Âmidî, who worked for the Mamluk palace after the second half of the 14th century.

Wprowadzenie. Laboratoria kultury współczesnej. Część 1

Author(s): Piotr Graczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

Abstrakcja i rzeczywistość. Przedsiębiorstwa PRL-u jako fabryki sztuki

Author(s): Marcin Laberschek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

Part of enterprises that were active during the time of Polish People’s Republic was fulfilling the role of an industrial art patrons, sponsoring and organising different types of artistic projects. The factories were however first and foremost obliged to fulfil the national industrial plans and their production norms, both of which could be impeded by their cultural and artistic activities. In this article the author poses a following question: why was it that the enterprises were sponsoring artistic events and how were they benefitting from it? To provide an answer, the author focused on three events under the industrial patronage – Biennale of Spatial Forms in Elbląg, 1st Symposium of Fine Artists and Scientists in Puławy as well as 1st Biennale of Metal Sculptures in Warsaw – and conducted an analysis of scientific and specialist literature on their topic. On this basis, the author drew the conclusion that the advantages related to the patronage had mostly a social character and resulted from building positive relations with the authorities, local communities and employees.

Методические особенности реализации «зачина» как средства театрального образования

Author(s): Inna Stepanova / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 1/2023

This article is devoted to the traditional method of organizing the independent work of students in directing courses. It reveals the historical perspective, essence, and functions of the classical theatrical exercise. It also determines the role of the stage in the professional development of the director. The paper is based on the practical experience and methodological material of the author.

The Pyramidal and Polygonal Constructive Modelling Method in the System of Professional Art Education

Author(s): Kostyantyn Parkhomenko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This article considers academic drawing a fundamental discipline that forms the professional qualities of future artists. It reveals and determines the value of a new, modernized method of pyramidal and polygonal constructive modelling, and it proves its significance for increasing the development of constructive-spatial thinking among students. The paper also shows the necessity of studying academic drawing and describes the positive aspects of the method in question. It considers academic drawing a process of cognition and determination of regularities in the surrounding reality. In addition, it analyzes the relationship between academic drawing and plastic anatomy, and determines the global nature of the need for knowledge of plastic anatomy. Furthermore, the text emphasizes the significance of the method as one of the most important ones in the process of professional art education, capable of developing constructive-spatial thinking. It analyzes the scientific developments and teachings of artist teachers and art historians who dealt with the problems of drawing and, in particular, the problems of developing a constructive understanding and of introducing this thinking into the professional art education process. What is more, the paper reveals the essence of the point, line, and subsequently faces as expressive means and techniques that affect the overall design. It proves that the comparison of reference points with geometric shapes helps clarify proportions and convey space. The effectiveness of a method that allows you to consciously and structurally create a form, revealing its capabilities and ‘vital’ truth, is proved. Finally, the article outlines the effective ability of the pyramidal and polygonal constructive modelling method to reveal the character and internal plasticity of the human figure. A conclusion is drawn about the importance of this method in the learning process.

New York, the Mecca of the Art World. Initial Study on Polish Migrant Artists who Left for the United States, 1986–1995

Author(s): Anna Rudek-Śmiechowska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The paper strives to characterize the circle of Polish visual artists who left for the United States in the late 20th century and settled in New York City, where they continued their careers. For the purposes of the paper, the subject matter has been focused on an excerpt from an ample research problem i.e. the analysis of the history of the Polish American Artists Society (PAAS,) operating in New York from 1986 through 1995. Their activities form the basis for the analysis and constitute a database to construct a more profound picture of the organization. Therefore, the years in which PAAS operated shall also constitute the paper’s framework. To foster simplicity, the term ‘artist’ and ‘artists’ shall be used to refer to visual artists born in Poland who came to New York City mainly in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, permanently resided in the United States, and worked as visual artists, regardless of the technique they adopted, be it painters, sculptors, photographers, graphic artists, illustrators, performers, artistic fabric weavers, or video artists. The paper uses their micro-stories to illustrate the phenomenon behind the prolific community of Polish artists in New York City from 1986 through 1995. It is based on research on PAAS, which has become the basis for a monographic book about the Society.

Wybrana twórczość piśmiennicza architektów związanych z Politechniką Lwowską. Studium na podstawie badań zbiorów Biblioteki Politechniki Krakowskiej sprzed 1945 roku

Author(s): Agnieszka Górska,Anna Kraus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 65/2020

The purpose of this publication is to draw attention to the scientific and historical value of the literary achievements of architects associated with The Lviv University of Technology on the basis of copies held in the collections of The Cracow University of Technology Library. Due to the extensive source material, the works of eleven selected architects were discussed. The characterization will take the form of library resources analysis, supported by source research. The study focuses solely on pre-1945 collections. The most interesting publications will be discussed in terms of their historical and substantive value.

Heterocosmica на киното

Author(s): Ivan Kolev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The paper argues for the advantages of using the full format of the art form “cinema” over its more abstract version “film”. To this end, the heterocosmic nature of the “moving image” in cinema is pointed out and its aspects are analysed phenomenologically. A phenomenology of the cinema hall, the spectator, the actor, the objects and other pleromatic elements is made.

Fenomen utworu Baby Sharkz perspektywy akwizycji języka

Author(s): Kinga Michałek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

This article is divided into three sections. The first one contains an overview of the available academic research of speech development. Furthermore, its contribution to forming interpersonal relationships is put into consideration. Linguistic, neurobiological and psychological observations are presented here. The following analysis of the Baby Shark video and other publicly available digital material of children’s reactions to the initial sounds of this song, aims to show its phenomenon. It is also an example of the impact that modern culture and technology have on both L1 and L2 acquisition. All of this makes it possible to acknowledge this perspective as an important element of the speech therapy interview. Observations contain in this article might be also worth to put into discussion with other researchers and specialists. The final section of the article is its bibliography containing both Polish and English-language scientific texts and, due to the specificity of this topic, numerous internet sources.

Рефлексия на обичайното. Изкуство и философия

Author(s): Andrea Kern / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2002

Unde(r)construction. Деконструкция на „аудиовизуалното“ и разрастване на „виртуалното“

Author(s): Bogdan Ghiu / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2002

Опит за историзиране на огледалния образ

Author(s): Vladimir Andreev Trendafilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2002