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Marcuseova teorija oslobođenja i vizija mogućnosti nerepresivne civilizacije prema teorijskim postavkama Sigmunda Freuda

Author(s): Maroje Višić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2015

This article tries to demonstrate Marcuse’s reception of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. First, a critique of Marcuse and his key notions by some of his prominent critics will be demonstrated. Author also tries to adequately address this critique by offering arguments for its validity or perhaps its ambiguity. The importance of Marcuse’s reception of Freud is in that he complemented Freud’s theory by adding a dimension of differentiating historical epochs. Freud understood repression as a universal principle for civilization development but Marcuse demonstrated that repression is only one part pertaining to the era of material austerity. Through notions of »performance principle« and »surplus-repression« it is possible to think of non-repressive civilization in which labor would be a free activity of liberated individuals.

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Antiteologija novoga događaja

Author(s): Žarko Paić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 10+12/2015

Jezici u kojima je riječ »novo« sinonimom bezuvjetnoga raskida s tradicijom u metafizičkim su temeljima dovoljno »stari« da bi imali mogućnosti istinskoga kazivanja tog imperativa vremena. Kao da umjesto njih o našem vremenu bolje govori ono neljudsko iz sklopa kibernetičke tehnologije. Programski jezici računalstva zasnovani na binarnome kôdu postali su nadmoćni simboličkoj snazi »prirodnih« jezika. Štoviše, čini se da su u svojoj zastarjelosti osuđeni na ono isto što je suvremeni francuski filozof Alain Badiou namijenio filozofiji. Da je, naime, njezina sudbina postati izložbenim »predmetom« u muzeju ukoliko ne uspije otvoriti mogućnosti nadilaženja ove epohe. A ta epoha od 19. Stoljeća za svoje presudne pojmove ima znanost, politiku i umjetnost.

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Simbolička razmjena i rad

Author(s): Katarina Peović Vuković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/140/2015

The paper questions themes and methods of critical theory in the realm of analysis of labour and related questions in the context of economy of the post-industrial society. The paper revitalizes often neglected the French philosopher Jean Baudrillard and his theory of labour which insists on symbolical dimension of labour. The paper accents importance of Baudrillard’s interpretations through theoretical concepts of Imaginary, Symbolic, and Real founded during the sixties by the French philosopher and psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. The paper contextualizes his major thesis on character of labour in the post-industrial society, which he elaborates at the end of the seventies, and confronts them with contemporary critiques which, especially after the economic crisis in 2008, insist on returning to classical questions of the critique of political economy. By mapping differences between definitions of symbolic character of labour and materialistic interpretations which are founded in the heritage of Marx’s critique of political economy, paper warns on a necessity of including both theoretical paradigms, relating political- symbolical and economical-materialist approach. While insisting on a relevance of both approaches, the paper tries to elaborate present anomalies in the era of so called dematerialization of labour, as it is the case of, for example, paradoxical increasing of working hours at the cost of eight hours labour time.

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Piketty, ekonomija i sociologija: znanstvena i politička agenda o nejednakosti

Author(s): Marko Grdešić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 12/2015

This article considers the work of Thomas Piketty on inequality, with special emphasis on the reception of his ideas in the social sciences. First, a quantitative analysis of the works that cite Piketty’s most important publications examines the reception of Piketty in academic debates. Next, the critiques of Piketty from economics and sociology, two often opposed disciplines that have devoted the most attention to discussing Piketty, are considered. This article supplements existing critiques with additional suggestions that are relevant to both the scientific analysis of inequality and the process of imaging various reforms that could cope with the problem of inequality.

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Historický výskum národných hnutí a koncept socialistického patriotizmu v Československu, Maďarsku a stredo-východnej Európe v rokoch 1956 – 1970

Author(s): Michal Kopeček / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2013

The central axis of the essay represents the tricky relationship between the politically promoted and ideologically driven concept of ‘socialist patriotism' and the Marxist historical studies of nation-building in East- Central Europe. It starts with a short overview of the ambiguous relationship of radical socialist movements and communist parties in the region to national or nationality question until the end of WWII that foreshadowed the even more complicated development during the communist parties‘ dictatorial rule. The bulk of the essay concentrates on the period between 1956 and 1970. Even though the arguments involved are drawn from the broader geographical area of East Central Europe, in detail the story concentrates primarily on the examples of Czechoslovakia and Hungary. It shows that a direct connection between the concept of ‘socialist patriotism' and the reconsideration of national history and identity that was supposed to prepare a way for a new stage of historical nation-building has been explicitly discussed only in Hungary. The Czechoslovak example, nevertheless, demonstrates that the same potential connection has been tacitly tested by critical Marxist historians, philosophers, and revisionist intellectuals also elsewhere.

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Rezensionen

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 22/1985

Review of: Predrag Vranicki: Marxismus und Sozialismus, Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt 1985, 457 Seiten, öS 374.-/ DM 48.- Franz Loeser: Die unglaubwürdige Gesellschaft. Quo vadis, DDR? Bund-Verlag, Köln 1984, 236 Seiten, öS 187.20/DM 24.- Norbert Roperts (Hg.): Osteuropa. Ein Reisebuch in den Alltag, roro 7521, Reinbek 1975, 460 Seiten, öS 154.50/DM 19.80 Marlies Menge: Die Sachsen - Das Staatsvolk der DDR. Mit 30 Fotos von Rudi Meisel, Piper Verlag, München 1985, 118 Seiten Rudolf Stamm: Alltag und Tradition in Osteuropa. Sozialismus mit und ohne Augenzwinkern, Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zürich 1985, 175 Seiten Tatjana Goritschewa: Die Kraft christlicher Torheit. Meine Erfahrungen, Verlag Herder, Freiburg 1985, 125 Seiten, öS 123.40/DM 15.80 Rudolf Bohren: Ich möchte Mauern durchschreiten, Verlag Herder, Freiburg 1985, 123 Seiten. öS 61.60/DM 7.90 Johannes Harder (Hg.): Lebensweisheit des russischen Volkes, Verlag Herder, Freiburg 1985, 127 Seiten, öS 61.60/DM 7.90 Wolfgang Höpken: Sozialismus und Pluralismus in Jugoslawien. Entwicklung und Demokratiepolitik des Selbstverwaltungssystems. R. Oldenbourg Verlag, München 1984, 439 Seiten, öS 374.40/DM 48.-

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Albanien - Über die Zukunft des albanischen Sozialismus

Author(s): Arshi Pipa / Language(s): German Issue: 21/1985

Es gab Spekulationen darüber, ob sich die Situation in Albanien nach Enver Hoxhas Tod ändern würde. Da Albanien die letzte Bastion des Stalinismus in Europa ist, ergibt sich die Frage, ob das Land von jenem strengen orthodoxen Stalinismus abgehen wird, der im Augenblick noch charakteristisch ist.

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Ungarn - Der ungarische Weg

Author(s): Bill Lomax / Language(s): German Issue: 20/1985

An interview with Bill Lomax

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Jugoslawien - ..Praxis“ — Denken der Revolution

Author(s): Gajo Petrović / Language(s): German Issue: 20/1985

An interview with Gajo Petrović

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Polen - Die PVAP — von unten betrachtet

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 16/1984

In den letzten Wochen widmete die gewerkschaftliche Untergrundpresse der Partei mehr Raum als üblich. Bedingt durch die Wahlversammlungen trat die Partei, die normalerweise an vielen Arbeitsplätzen unsichtbar ist, aus dem Abseits hervor. Gleichzeitig werden ihre »Errungenschaften« während der legalen Solidarnosc-Zeit und unter dem Kriegsrecht zusammengefaßt.

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THE CURSE OF OVERLOOKING SECONDARY CONSEQUENCES: THE COVID-19 EXAMPLE

Author(s): Badejo Omobola Olufunto / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Since January 2020, the global community has faced what may be tagged a biological war against the ravaging COVID-19 pandemic. While many countries in the world have been hard hit by this virus, response patterns to the pandemic have varied from country to country and, expectedly, with varying success rates. The global community witnessed a surge in socialist policies as a response pattern to the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper argued that the countries with poor COVID-19 responses are predominantly capitalist economies under the curse of overlooking secondary consequences. The paper examined concepts such as socialism, capitalism, free market and command economy. The paper then offered philosophical argumentation for its conclusion that the COVID-19 reality is strong evidence that adopting socialist policies in an economy is more reliable than a predominantly capitalist economy, and should be the background to rebuilding the post COVID-19 economies.

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Perspektívy, limity a výzvy socialistického myslenia v epoche antropocénu

Author(s): Peter Daubner / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

The article explores the perspectives, limits, and challenges of socialist thinking in the Anthropocene epoch. It reviews M. Hauser's book, "Manifest socialistického hnutia," which addresses the goals and strategies of socialists in the 21st century. The discussion highlights the transformation of socialist movements, the flexibility of capitalism, and the relevance of Marxist theory today. It critiques the current global capitalist system, emphasizing its environmental and social impacts. The article also examines the relationship between socialism and feminism, the historical context of colonialism, and the roles of China and Russia in the modern world. Daubner argues for the need to create theoretical and cultural conditions for a new socialist politics in Central Europe, addressing contemporary political, economic, cultural, and ecological issues.

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Madness and Subjective Destitution: Toward a Possible Exit from Capitalism

Author(s): Cynthia Cruz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Madness, as Hegel tells us, is inherent within all, a state each of us moves through each time we acquire a new habit. Like madness, subjective destitution is also an inherent state, one each of us moves through in our initial state of being. The two states converge in the acquisition of a new habit when one is momentarily without a nature and, at the same time, submerged in madness, when one is no longer what they were and not yet what they are about to become. Though, as Lacan tells us, one cannot choose to go mad, and one does not choose to be born into poverty (or other forms of subjective destitution), one can, nonetheless, make a determination to engage in the act of subjective destitution and madness as a means for emancipation. The two states converge in a novel configuration that replicates, though differs from, spirit’s process of becoming.

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Terry Pinkard, Practice, Power and Form of Life: Sartre’s Appropriation of Hegel and Marx

Author(s): Novak Malešević / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Review of: Terry Pinkard, Practice, Power and Form of Life: Sartre’s Appropriation of Hegel and Marx, Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 2022.

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Bayreuthske asocijacije

Author(s): Peter Sloterdijk / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 29/2024

»Oh, tko će nam ispričati cijelu povijest narkotika! - ona je gotovo povijest ‘obrazovanja’, takozvanog visokoga obrazovanja!« Nietzscheov učeni uzdisaj, izrečen s pogledom na kazalište i publiciran 1882., spada u rečenice koje su ostale na razini skice i na svoj razvoj morale čekati toliko dugo da se naposljetku propustio pogodni trenutak. Diljem kulture zapriječena je razrada Nietzscheove intuicije nedvojbeno glasnim odjekom smisleno srodnog, ali mnogo nezgrapnijega iskaza kojim je Marx 1844. religiju nazvao opijumom za narod. Da su se te dvije rečenice na vrijeme stavile jedna pored ili iznad druge, kakav li bi kulturna znanost samo mogla napraviti korak naprijed!

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Вестернизъм и комунизъм (Европа и Изтокът във възгледите на Карл Маркс и Фридрих Енгелс)

Author(s): Ivan Katzarski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 14/2024

The article explores a rarely studied topic – theWesternism of Marx and Engels. In a theoretical and abstract framework, they anticipate that, in the course of capitalist development, national distinctions will gradually disappear, eventually ceasing to exist entirely under communism, along with class divisions. National oppression is also expected to vanish. In line with these broad ideas, the „Сlassics” condemn the destructive impact of Western expansion on the countries and regions affected by this expansion. Marx and Engels, particularly the former, compiled a well-documented dossier on the West's crimes in subjugated countries and regions. However, they also firmly believed that the victims of this expansion were deserving of their fate because they stood as obstacles to „progress”, being perceived as „barbarians” obstructing the path of Western civilization. This viewpoint provides a form of philosophical justification for these crimes. Subsequently, as an alternative to Westernism, I briefly examine the symbiotic relationships between the archai cand modern elements in certain Eastern societies (Japan, India, and China). The conclusion offers a brief comparison of the Westernism of Marx and Engels with contemporary Westernists and outspoken anti-communists.

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Идеология и морал

Author(s): Stiliyan Yotov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 14/2024

The article is an attempt to take stock of personal experience related to studying the topic of ideology in the 1980s in the philosophy faculties of Bulgaria and with the discussions on this topic. Initially, it reconstructed the way in which the original texts of Marx and Engels were read, which contrasted with the circulating official versions. Then it draws attention to a deficient moment in education related to the neglect of a certain type of interpretations following the work of Antonio Gramsci, enjoying at the same time an increased interest in the world. Finally, it offers an attempt to explain the meaning of alternative readings of ideology, related, on the one hand, to the work of Louis Althusser, on the other, to that of N. Abercrombie, B. Turner, St. Hill, who break with the traditional idea of a direct relationship between the economic structure of society and ideology, as well as of the relationship between a ruling class and an oppressive ideology. Against this background, the problem of the relationship between ideology and morality is addressed and the thesis is defended that morality may not be a form of ideology, but a critique of ideology.

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Защо не съм комунист?

Author(s): Karel Chapek / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 14/2024

The article is based on the thesis that not being a communist is not only a negation, but also a definite ideological and life credo. The author dwells on the topic not so much because he needs to debate on communism, but rather to defend before himself about the fact that he is not a communist and why he cannot be one. He is alien to communism which instead of help, holds out the banner of revolution. Communism's last word is rule, not rescue: its slogan is power, not help. It does not consider poverty, hunger, unemployment to be an unbearable pain and shame, but a welcome reserve of dark forces, an impetus for mass rage and resistance. According to him, “the social system is to blame for this”. All of us are guilty of this, whether we ignore human misery with our hands in our pockets or with the flag of revolution in hand.

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Czech structuralism at the end of the 1950s: an ideological struggle over the legacy of the Prague School

Author(s): Marie Havránková,Vladimír Petkevič / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

The article explores the history of linguistic structuralism in Czechoslovakia in 1957–1959 during a political thaw following Stalinist repression. Initially rejected in favour of dogmatic “theories” like Marrism and Stalin’s ideas on language, structuralism gained acceptance after its discussion in the Soviet journal ʻVoprosy iazykoznaniia’ in 1956. The first part analyses how structuralism, once ideologically dismissed, was reintroduced as a valuable methodology within official Marxist science. This was notably demonstrated at the 1958 4th International Congress of Slavists in Moscow, where the Prague Linguistic Circle’s “new theses” were presented, reflecting on its past development. The second part examines a 1959 polemic between two prominent linguists: František Trávníček, a member of the National Assembly of the Czechoslovak Republic, and Bohuslav Havránek, head of the Czech Language Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Trávníček criticized the work of the Academy in a series of texts, while Havránek responded by refuting the criticism and defending structuralism. The polemic revealed Trávníček’s reliance on politicized clichés, whereas Havránek upheld structuralist theory as a rigorous scientific approach. This stance was further affirmed at the 1962 Liblice conference, where Havránek openly defended the principles of structural linguistics.

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Filosofia românească între 1950 și 1990. Logica și filosofia științei în marxism-leninismul din România

Author(s): Dragoș Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2025

The paper continues the exploration of the Romanian Marxism-Leninism previously initiated by our journal. This time, we follow the Romanian path of materialist dialectics and of the philosophy of science, as they developed from Soviet seeds, after World War II. The evolution knows two distinct stages: one of the late Stalinism, another of the New Scientific Revolution.

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