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Giambattista Vico i propast Zapada

Author(s): Nino Raspudić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/138/2015

Since Giambattista Vico was one of the first philosophers of history who has written about the rise and the fall of the civilisation he is commonly referred to as a predecessor of Oswald Spengler and Arnold Joseph Toynbee. In that sense, Vico’s New Science can be seen as, among other, one of the first theories of the decline of the West. This kind of stand point would represent a simplification and a reduction of Vico’s thought if the meaning of the historical course in his philosophy would not be taken into account. There are two key elements of Vico’s philosophy of history. The first one is the thesis that human can absolutely comprehend only what he has created himself. This makes history comprehensible. Even more, history is an exemplary science. The second one is his Christian understanding of the course of history as a result of the cooperation between human action and Divine Providence. If we interpret Vico as one of the thinkers of the decline of the West the question is what the symptoms of this decadence are. As the possible signs of the Western civilisation crises one can outline widely present phenomena such as: nomadic way of life, promiscuity, lonely and anarchic existence. This reminds us of the age of precivilisation as described by Vico. Furthermore, we can observe the violation of the three fundaments of civilisation which Vico emphasises a crucial for the exit from the beastly stage and for the start of history course (corso): religion, marriage, and the burial of the dead. Among other signs there is also an important shift of paradigms which can be seen in pedocentrism in children’s upbringing. If by following Vico’s description of the fall of the civilisation we diagnose the decadent state of the West what are the three possible Vico’s resolutions of this situation in the 21st century? An emperor who abolishes anarchy and introduces order, a “healthier” civilisation which conquers a “decadent” one or the collapse of the civilisation and the fall into the bestial state?

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O tym, dlaczego żołnierzowi nie należy się szacunek

Author(s): Patryk Miernik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Artykuł stanowi egzystencjalną próbę analizy figury żołnierza z punktu widzenia egoizmu filozoficznego oraz anarchoindywidualizmu Maksa Stirnera zawartego w Jedynym i jego własności. Rozpatrzone zostaną możliwe relacje między żoł-nierzem (bądź jednostką potencjalnie rozważającą wstąpienie do armii) a insty-tucją państwa zarówno w stanie wojny, jak i pokoju. Argumentacja wykaże, iż nie znajdą się przesłanki uzasadniające racjonalność służby wojskowej. Nihilizm stanowiska Stirnera zapewnia metaprzedmiotowość dyskursu w kontekście wszel-kich doktryn tak politycznych, jak i etycznych, ograniczając się do argumentów czysto pragmatycznych.

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Koncert strojeva: Simondonov politički program

Author(s): Henning Schmidgen / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2016

Godine 1923., u antiknom umjetničkome svijetu Paula Va leryja, obala je još bila ta gdje su se naplavljivali objekti koji su svojim sjajem, svojom tvrdoćom i neuobičajenom formom ustaljene misaone vlakove skretali s kolosijeka: priroda ili umjetno st? Dano ili načinjeno? Zemaljsko ili nebesko? Eupalinos, arhitekt, ne može odlučiti. Čudesnu stvar veliku poput šake, koju je upravo pronašao u pijesku, baca natrag u more.

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Razgovor Emmanuela Fayea s Philippeom Lacoueom-Labartheom, Pascalom Oryjem, Jeanom-Edouardom Andréom i Brunom Tackelsom

Author(s): Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe,Emmanuel Faye,Pascal Ory,Jean-Edouard André,Bruno Tackels,Marc Voinchet / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 19/2014

Emmanuel Faye's interview with Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, Pascal Ory, Jean-Edouard André and Bruno Tackels

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Metaphor of Existence: Seafaring and Shipwreck

Author(s): Lina Vidauskytė / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The paper focuses on the metaphor of existence as a way of philosophical talking about life. Metaphorology was introduced by Hans Blumenberg (1920–1996), one of the most important and innovative thinkers of the 20th century. The works of Blumenberg fall generally within the category of the hermeneutics of metaphor. It is, for him, the question of substituting the study of the more hidden work of metaphors, symbols, and myths for the traditional history of concepts and doctrines. One can say there are two inextricable elements of Blumenberg’s thought: (1) a theory of nonceptuality as essential to philosophizing and (2) an exploration of culture understood as humanity’s unceasing attempts to relieve itself of the weight of the absolutism of reality. Metaphors play an important role in the philosophical language: they are not impediments to clear thinking and clear expression, but rather they are images, iconic constants used by philosophers. Metaphors are able to grasp the reality better than philosophical concepts. According to Blumenberg, metaphors are a kind of reality models, the work of human imagination. One of such models is the metaphor of seafaring/shipwreck and the present article focuses on multiple actualizations of the metaphor in Blumenberg’s philosophy

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Ateizm praktyczny czy a-teizm metodologiczny? Problem Boga w dziele Bycie i czas Martina Heideggera

Author(s): Maciej Małyga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2015

In his famous work from 1927, Being and time, Martin Heidegger remains noticeably silent on the subject of God. His silence may be interpreted as a form of atheism, more methodological than dogmatic, which excludes the question of God from the methods of phenomenology. The fundamental ontology, which Heidegger wanted to expand upon in Being and Time, is based upon a theological distinction between Being and God. Although his atheism must be classified as being of a methodological nature, the events which occurred following the publication of Being and Time can be accounted for, to some extent, by the view held by Catholic theologians, that Heidegger was a philosopher who denied God’s existence. He had accepted Nietzsche’s diagnosis that God was dead and had developed a vision for the intellectual renewal of mankind based on the ideology of National Socialism. Catholic theology initially considered his work to be a crude argument in favour of atheism. Only later was a more positive assessment of his philosophical work generally accepted.

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Czy model Wszechświata powinien być strukturalnie stabilny?

Author(s): Paweł Tambor,Marek Szydłowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

We show that the modern cosmology appears to be the case of effective modeling similar to the Standard Model of particle physics (SM). In the study of the universe an important role is played by the physical theory from which the Standard Cosmological Model, allowing us to explain the properties of contemporary universe and its history, is derived. The Standard Cosmological Model includes the model of universe evolution (based on General Relativity) and SM. This paper discusses the scheme of the accelerated expansion of the universe in terms of today's dark energy and dark matter. We will examine the methodological features of such an explanation in the Standard Cosmological Model. We elaborate oscillating models of the Universe from the point of view of their structural stability. We show that this conceptual framework can be useful in describing relations between cosmological models LCDM (Lamda – Cold – Dark Matter Model) and CMD where epistemological emergence of specific properties is presented in terms of bifurcation and instability.

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Komu ma służyć wznowienie monografii Barbary Skargi o pozytywizmie?

Author(s): Paweł Polak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 62/2017

Book review of: B. Skarga, Ortodoksja i rewizja w pozytywizmie francuskim, M. Pańków (eed.), ser. Dzieła zebrane Barbary Skargi, vol. 3, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN – Fundacja na Rzecz Myślenia im. Barbary Skargi, Warszawa 2016, pp. 496.

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ŽIVOT I SMRT-STVARNOST I SNOVIĐENJA BALKANSKI DISKURS BRANKA MILJKOVIĆA VS ANGLOFONOG DISKURSA AMERIČKOG JUGA TENESI VILIJAMSA

Author(s): Tanja Isailović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13 (3)/2014

This writing compares poetical Balkan discourse of Branko Miljkovic and dramatic anglophone discourse of American dramatist Tennessee Williams. Miljkovic was a poet of neosymbolism style, a philosopher among the poets in the period of 1960s, and his poetry was directed toward tradition, mythology and folklore. His poems were distantiated from its author, and symbol became conventional means of expression. The general idea of his poems Bequest of Orpheus and Triptych for Euridica establish the authenticity of the above mentioned themes. Some of the symbols, such as fire, bird, emptiness, flowers, death denote Sun, life, Phoenix, chasm, ending and beginning, carry out semantic and aesthetic constrative electricity. Tennessee Williams, as well as Branko Miljkovic, in his drama Orpheus Descending represents his protagonists as humans in pursue for freedom, so did he being engaged in art. The quest for meaning and sense, up to the degree where imagination and reality blend together, where uncertainness becomes activity, loneliness vivifics in discursive experience of metaphor are the main ideas of his plays, in which social and psychological conflict collide through eroticization and vanish afterwards in the mythology of the American South.

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Aspekti Hegelove filozofije

Author(s): Theodor W. Adorno / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/1971

Kronologijski povod kao što je stodvadesetpeta godišnjica Hegelove smrti mogao bi navesti na ono što se naziva ocjenjivanjem. Ali je pojam ocjenjivanja, ako je uopće ikada nešto vrijedio, postao nesnosan.

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Implikacija kao središnji pojam inferencijalizma

Author(s): Kenan Šljivo / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 11/2018

This paper is focused on the analysis of Brandom’s approach to implication and its importance for philosophy of inferentialism. The goal is to show that the implication is the central concept in the philosophy of inferentialism and that it is essential for understanding of inferentialism as an epistemic important position. For this purpose, the paper analyses Brandom’s turn towards material inference which allows the implicative content to expand in the way it takes into account the factual, material conditions and state of things. The paper wants to show that Brandom tries to reject the dogmas of formalism in that way and to turn towards practical discourse and language practices as the only framework where we can relevantly speak about the cognitive and epistemic problems in general.

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Darwin’s Influence in Germany

Author(s): Stefan Lorenz Sorgner / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2007

In this article, I wish to give a short overview over Darwin’s influence in Germany. The article is divided into four parts. In the first, I briefly deal with Darwin’s relationship to Social Darwinism and in particular to Hitler and the Third Reich, as many people still tend to see a strong link between these two movements. I show that Darwin should not be regarded as connected to the cruelties of the Third Reich. However, there is a relationship between Ernst Haeckel, the main defender of Darwin’s theory of evolution in Germany, and some aspects of Third Reich politics. This connection brings us to the second part of the article in which I briefly mention Darwin’s influence on two major German zoologists, August Weismann, and Ernst Haeckel. In the third part, I focus on the influence Darwin has had on the ideas of German philosophers, and philosophical anthropologists. David Friedrich Strauss, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Friedrich Nietzsche, Georg Simmel, Ernst Cassirer, Max Scheler, Nicolai Hartmann, Helmuth Plessner, Arnold Gehlen, and Vittorio Hösle have to be mentioned in this respect. In the fourth and last part, I conclude the article with some brief remarks on how Darwin is seen in Germany today. So let us with part one.

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L. Wittgensteino psichologijos ir religijos filosofija

Author(s): Nerijus Stasiulis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 100/2019

This is the third and last of a series of articles on Wittgenstein’s philosophy of psychology. It continues the discussion of the previous topics: the critique of scientific psychology; of seeing aspects of experiencing meaning directly. The article does this now with respect to their practical or „cultural“ significance. Wittgenstein’s remarks on psychology are placed in the context of his thought on religiosity and culture. The major ends of current philosophical thought are also interpreted within the context of personal and cultural „meaning-blindness“. The article suggests that a direct experience of the logic of Sprachspiele indicates also a practical change both in the broader cultural context and the narrower personal one.

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»Sit sam dekonstrukcije«: Derridin religiozni pomak

Author(s): Mario Kopić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 24/2019

Derridina dekonstrukcijska metodologija nije htjela biti ni metodička ni logička , no viđena pobliže, unatoč tomu, hodila je stanovitim svojim putem i prolazila kroz stanovite postaje. Prva je dekonstrukcijska etapa započela sredinom šezdesetih godina 20. stoljeća objavljivanjem knjiga Pisanje i razlika, Glas i fenomen i O gramatologiji. Posrijedi je dekonstrukcija filozofije kao metafizike prisutnosti, odnosno relativizacija svih tradicionalnih pa i modernih filozofskih pojmova, a ishodište je Heideggerovo mišljenje bivstvovanja. Derrida se pritom trsi prikazati da Heidegger bivstvovanje izjednačuje s prisutnošću (prisutnog), zbog čega još uvijek ostaje unutar metafizičkog polja što ga inače kani napustiti. Mišljenje bivstvovanja kao mišljenje prisutnosti, odnosno čiste prezencije, još se uvijek zatiče bivstvovanju u značenju Izvora/Iskona i Temelja. Do izvornog, punog bivstvovanja, prema Heideggeru, trebao bi nas dovesti čisti materinji jezik svojom pra-iskonskom riječju. Jezik je u tome smislu kuća bivstvovanja. [...]

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Vjera i znanje. Dva vrela »religije« u granicama pukoga uma

Author(s): Jacques Derrida / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 24/2019

Kako »govoriti religiju« ? O religiji? Napose o određenoj religiji, danas? Kako se usuditi o njoj govoriti napose bez straha i drhtanja na ovaj dan? I tako malo i tako brzo ? Tko bi to mogao biti bestidan pa pretendirati na to da je tu posrijedi tema koja je istodobno i prepoznatljiva i nova? Tko bi mogao biti toliko tašt da na temelju nje sroči kakav aforizam ? Da bi se imalo hrabrosti, arogancije ili prijeko potrebne vedrine, možda je učas potrebno pretpostaviti časovitu apstrakciju, apstrakciju svega, ili gotovo svega, stanovitu apstrakciju. Možda valja krenuti od najkonkretnijeg i najpristupačnijeg, no isto tako i od onoga najnapuštenijeg apstrakcije. [...]

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Heda Festini’s Contribution in the Research of Croatian Philosophical Heritage

Author(s): Ivana Skuhala Karasman,Luka Boršić / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2019

In this text we offer an overview of Festini’s works on history of Croatian philosophy. The article is divided in five parts in which we discuss Festini’s attitude towards Croatian Renaissance philosophers, eighteenth and nineteenth century Croatian philosophers, and two philosophers from the twentieth century (Vladimir Filipović and Marija Brida). Majority of Festini’s texts were published in the journal Prilozi za istraživanje hrvatske filozofske baštine.

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Weapons in and as History: On the Ontogenerative Function of Materialized Preemption and Intelligence in Weapons Technology

Author(s): Davor Löffler,John J. McGraw,Niels N. Johannsen / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2019

Weapons technology is a key factor contributing to cultural evolution because it enables humans actively to protect themselves from a variety of natural threats and expand their access to resources. In contrast to non-military technologies, the purpose of which is to subordinate and shape inanimate, non-intentional or trivial, regular states, weapons primarily serve to assert one’s own will against self-determined, intentional and non-trivially acting organisms. This functional idiosyncrasy establishes the basis for a continuous arms race, which begins with the need to anticipate phenotypical and mental abilities of animals and other humans through weapons technology before leading to the anticipation of attack and defence capacities of groups and, ultimately, the anticipation of accumulated intelligence and productive accomplishments of entire political states. The dynamics of development in weapons technology prove that weapons are simultaneously an index and a motor of cultural and cognitive evolution. Weapons reflect the organizational and technical capabilities of cultures, indicating special cognitive capacities bound up with the abstract anticipation of enemies as well as the ability to produce mental models of complex adversarial entities. At the same time, weapons relay intercultural and internal selection pressures by playing a decisive role in the processes of general technological and organizational innovation. This innovation also influences the formation of practices, norms, motives and self-images. As such, weapons technology concretizes an integral principle governing cultural evolution and civilizational history.

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Семіотика українського та польського авангарду в світлі ідей Львівсько-Варшавської філософської школи. О. Богомазов – художники «Краківської групи»: від кубізму і футуризму до експресивно-ліричної абстракції (Стаття четверта)

Author(s): Volodymyr Anatolyevich Lychkovakh / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2018

The purpose of the research. In the first article on the semiotics of the Ukrainian and Polish avant-garde, his philosophical aesthetic and cultural context was considered, in particular, in light of the ideas of the Lviv-Warsaw Philosophical School. To continue this problem, the semiotic parallels (homology) in the works of the Ukrainian and Polish avant-gardists of the first third of the XXth century are being analyzed. On the basis of the unity of cultural, aestheticsemiotic and art-study analysis of artistic achievements of artistic avant-gard in Ukraine and Poland, an understanding of the cultural and historical peculiarities of the creative dialogue of artists working in similar ideological and aesthetic paradigms is achieved. Research methodology. The research is based on the aesthetic-semiotic concepts of the representatives of the Lviv-Warsaw School of Philosophy (S. Baley, R. Ingardin, S. Lisse, L. Hvysteck) and the founders of the semantic philosophy of art (K. Bell, B. Croce, S. Langer, G. Rickert) and modern semiotics of culture (Y. Mukarzhovsky, Y. Loman, U. Eko). Interdisciplinary synthesis of philosophical and cultural, aesthetic and art-study approaches is used. Scientific novelty. From the standpoint of modern semiotics, for the first time, symbolic complexes and semantic contents in the works of the Ukrainian and Polish avant-garde are analyzed. Models of semiotic parallels (homologies) are created in the works of leading artists of Ukraine and Poland of the first third of the XX century. The method of extrapolation of the aesthetic-semiotic ideas of the Lviv-Warsaw School of Philosophy is used to understand the similarity and dialogism in the artistic imagery of individual artists. Conclusions. Phenomenological, intuitive, neo-positivist orientations of scientific and artistic and aesthetic thinking have caused cubistic, futuristic, abstract, and constructivist quests of avant-garde artists. The aesthetic principles of the semiosis of avant-guardism in Ukraine were laid by V. Kandinsky, K. Malevich, O. Bogomazov, in Poland - T. Piper, V. Steshinsky, G. Stazhevsky. The development of the Ukrainian and Polish avant-garde of these times is, in particular, a kind of "dialogue" between artistic groups and individual artists in Warsaw and Kiev, Krakow and Lviv. The intellectual atmosphere of these creative "competitions" is symptomatic of the scientific and philosophical positions of the Lviv-Warsaw School of Philosophy with its neo-positivist and phenomenological orientations, and especially - the semantic philosophy of art, which corresponded to the establishment of a new semiosphere of avant-garde imagery. The peculiarities of the dialogue of the artists are analyzed on the examples of aesthetic- semiotic and artistic parallels between V. Kandinsky and Y.T. Pyper (theoretical justification of the avant-garde in art), K. Malevich and V. Stshinsky and G. Stazhevsky (the search for suprematist and constructivist artistic language), O. Bogomazov and artists of the "Krakow group" (the path from Cubism and Futurism to expressive and lyrical abstraction). It is summarized that the semiotics of the Ukrainian and Polish avant-garde of the first third of the 20th century coincides in the sphere of "significant forms" of non-classics in fine arts.

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Культурницька парадигма у творчій спадщині Миколи Реріха

Author(s): Julia Sergeevna Sabadash,Josef Moyseyovych Nikolchenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2019

The aim of the work is to investigate live and creative way of the famous artist, archeologist, philosopher, public figure of the last quarter of the XIXth – the first part of the XXth century Mykola Rerikh, to comprehend the dynamics of the general cultural processes in the specified period that influenced his works and world-view. Methodology of the research is in the application of the historical and cultural, systematizational, biographical, cultural and theoretically generalizing methods. Methods marked let present the dynamics of the changes in Mykola Rerikh‘s world-view in the context cultural and historical processes of the development of the world civilization at the end of the XIXth – the first part of the XXth century and systematization of separate phenomena of the world culture. Scientific novelty is conditioned of the wide usage of the biographical methods, basing onto the analysis that unites ideals of the world culture and Mykola Rerikh‘s fortune. Conclusions. Having analyzed Mykola Rerikh‘s cultural activity we prove that it becomes obvious his affection to humanistic principals. He thinks a lot about culture, protection of the cultural treasures, high spiritual purpose of art, about cultural cooperation of peoples. Culture forms on the basis of unlimited cognition, educated work, tireless creativity of man and his noble life. On the top of the Culture is a real selfless love for humanity and the Motherland, for nature and each person as the highest value.

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Культурна особистість: концептуальні ідеї П. Шафера

Author(s): Halyna Shevchenko,Tetyana Leonardivna Antonenko,Milena Vyacheslavovna Bezuhla / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2019

The purpose of the article is to carry out a comprehensive analysis and to disclose scientific approaches and leading conceptual ideas of the modern Canadian culturologist Paul Schafer about the role of culture and art, which provides for a high level of development of the cultural personality. The methodology of the research is based on the axiological approach, which makes it possible to select the priority of the system of cultural, aesthetic, and artistic values that humanize, cultivate, and spiritualize a personpersonality. Scientific novelty of the research is that for the first time in Ukraine the holistic scientific views of the modern Canadian culturologist D. Paul Schafer on the characteristics of the cultural personality in the period of the Age of Culture, as well as the role and importance of the art in the cultural process of mankind, have been analyzed. [P. Schafer‘s monographs "The Age of Culture" and "The Cultural Personality" have been translated from English by the scientists of the Scientific Research Institute of Spiritual Development of Man and the lecturers of the Department of Foreign Languages and Professional Communication, Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University]. Conclusions. The article deals with P. Schafer‘s main conceptual ideas on cultural personality development: the cultural personality is a necessary condition for the Age of Culture development; the art and arts education are the foundations for life of the cultural personality; the cultural personality presupposes existence of the cultural worldview that must stand above the economic worldview; the four main contexts of the research of culture as a "complex whole" are characterized (artistic, social, anthropological, ideological); the cultural personality is holistic, centered, authentic, unique, creative, altruistic, and humane; the priorities of the Age of Culture are defined; the culture is the key to the development of spirituality of a personality.

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