"Po co tyle hałasu". Polski komiks muzyczny

Author(s): Jadwiga Lelek,Konrad Sierzputowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 04/2019

This article is the result of research on the condition of Polish musical comics. The basis of considerations are the comics of Marcin Podolec: Smoke and Fugazi Music Club, two works of Krzysztof Owedyk: Blix and Żorżet and You will be frying in hell, as well as the worst comic of the year by Maciej Pałka and Only calmly Bartek Glazy. The text aims to show the relationships between Polish popular music and comics. Draws attention to the ways of presenting musical subcultures and individual portraits in comic culture. It also introduces the role of memory and nostalgia in the construction of illustrated musical stories in which the real order mixes with the imaginary. The article points to the common points of these works and takes into account the most important shortcomings of all six comics. It highlights the marginalization of the role of women, both in the creative process and the discussed cultural texts. Using the theories of Jacques Ranciere and Robin, James raises the question of male dominance in the Polish music comic, while shedding light on the Polish music scene.

A Community of the Shattered: Patočka, Havel, and the Philosophy of Charter 77

Author(s): Jonas Brodin / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2002

The review of: Aviezer Tucker. The Philosophy and Politics of Czech Dissidence from Patočka ta Havel. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000. 295 pp.

A Comparative Analysis of the Concept of Implication in Some Contemporary Logical Systems and Their Origins in Antiquity

Author(s): Doroteya Angelova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2017

This article examines the main characteristics of the concepts of implication in relevant, connexive and paraconsistent logics and discusses the origins of these concepts in Antiquity. It is made a comparative analysis between the meaning of this connective in the three logics in regard to their correspondence to the conditional “if…., then….” used in natural language and presents arguments that the notion of implication, proposed by relevant logic, provides the most adequate formal explication of the conditional connective in the mentioned sense.

A CRITIQUE OF SUSAN HAACK’S FOUNDHERENTIST THEORY OF EMPIRICAL JUSTIFICATION

Author(s): Olanshile Muideen Adeyanju / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

In traditional epistemological discourse, the tripartite theory of knowledge is the conception of knowledge as justified true belief. Each condition of knowledge – belief, truth and justification – has evoked critical discussions among philosopher. However, for its nature of epistemic normativity, justification has evoked more critical reviews and there has been the development of different theories in its regard. Among traditional theories of justification are foundationalism and coherentism. Susan Haack argues that these two are inadequate theories of justification due to some flaws – foundationalism is susceptible to the problem of infinite regress while coherentism is susceptible to circularity problem. She proposes foundherentism, an intermediate theory of justification between foundationalism and coherentism, which she argues addresses the flaws of the traditional theories through an epistemic combination of the relevance of experience for the justification of empirical beliefs as well as pervasive mutual dependence among beliefs. In this paper, I argue that Haack’s foundherentism fails as an adequate theory of justification. The position of this paper is that foundherentism does not pointedly address the problems of regress and circularity, hence it fails on the same ground as foundationalism and coherentism.

A Deleuzean Look on Tony Gatlif’s Accented Cinema

Author(s): Ahmet Oktan,Almıla Nur Berilğen / Language(s): English / Issue: Sp. Iss./2021

This study aims to discuss Tony Gatlif’s “accented cinema”, which deals with the lives of minorities and nomads and the reflexivity brought by these lives in many of his films, in terms of philosophical expansions. The unique style which the director builds by using cinema’s means about being a Gypsy or from an ethnic minority while opening the majority to questioning transforms the film-watching experience into a specific intellectual adventure. In Gatlif’s approach, which includes elements that coincide with Hamid Naficy’s definition of “accented cinema”, nomadism emerges as a minor element and, nomadic Gypsy communities, inside all the inhabitants of the world, display a minor existence. This philosophical reflexivity in Gatlif’s films, which is similar to Franz Kafka in terms of masterfully presenting words of a minor community, is examined by focusing on, Latcho Drom (1992), Gadjo Dilo (1997), Exils (2004), Transylvania (2006) and Korkoro (2009) films. Questions like revealing reflexivities in terms of the director’s accented images and what these elements mean on account of difference and minor cinema debates form the film analyses’ basic questioning fields and the obtained findings are discussed by taking reference to Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s concepts who see cinema as a philosophical perception and thinking activity. In this context, Deleuze and Guattari’s ontology of difference and minor cinema approach is the intellectual background of this study to be made on Gatlif cinema.

A Discriminative Ontology for Future Selves

Author(s): Juraj Odorčák / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2021

The article presents a critique of the commonly held assumption about the practical advantage of endurantism over perdurantism regarding the problem of future-directed self-concern of a person. The future-directed self-concern of a person crucially depends on the possibility of the right differentiation of diverging futures of distinct persons, therefore any theory of persistence that does not entail a special non-branching relation of a person to only their future self seems to be counterintuitive or unrealistic for practical purposes of personal persistence. I argue that this pragmatic rationale about future-directed self-concern is equally challenging for both theories of persistence. Moreover, I indicate, that both of these theories fall and stand on the practical feasibility of hidden ontological presuppositions about specific second-order notions of concerns of persons for their future.

A filozófiai vita természetrajza. Leo Strauss és Kojève vitája a zsarnokságról és filozófiáról

Author(s): András Lánczi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 05/2021

There are a number of writings dedicated to the analysis of the controversy between Leo Strauss and Alexandre Kojève on tyranny and the aim of philosophy. This essay makes an attempt to focus not so much on the contents of their particular debate, but on the character of their exchange. The gist of the argument is that philosophy as such is based on various forms of debates including hidden dialogues, discussions or exchanges of ideas. Methodologically the Strauss-Kojève debate is a blueprint for the quarrel between ancients and moderns in the 20th century. One has to take a side of either historicism or the classical view of politics and the nature of philosophy on the whole.

A FOUCAULDIAN STUDY OF POWER, SUBJECTIVITY, AND CONTROL IN THE BEATS’ LITERATURE AND LIFE

Author(s): Ehsan Emami Neyshaburi,Parvin Ghasemi / Language(s): English / Issue: 22/2017

According to Foucault’s ideas, power produces discourses and the clash of discourses leads to the change of subjectivities or consciousnesses and also to the internalization of a particular discourse. In other words, it is via creation of subjectivities that power dominates human beings. The Beats knew that the subjectivity that people assign to themselves is imaginary and illusory; it has been given to them by their culture or society and accordingly, they define themselves and only imagine that they are that sort of persons independently and take it as ‘truth’. This paper strives to show that the Beats were completely cognizant of this process and through resisting the power, subjectivity, and control that society had imposed upon themtried to create new and different subjectivities, as Foucault had recommended.

A kérdezés, a tagadás és a semmi

Adalékok Sartre semmi-elemzéseinek értelmezéséhez

Author(s): Pál Petki / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2019

Opposite to common thinking and mainstream scientific and philosophical paradigms, Sartre – in agreement with Heidegger ‒ considers nothing as “something”, the interpretation of which can only be conceived within the universality of the category of being, but which has at the same time a constitutive role in its semantic field. These two categories can only be conceived in a kind of onto-logical correlation. The present thesis proposes an interpretation of Sartre’s meaning of nothing, correlated to certain fundamental ways of man’s rapport to being, such as questioning, denial, reduction to nothing etc., conceived ontologically, based on analyses conducted in the introductory part of his work entitled Being and Nothing.

A klímakatasztrófa előszobájában

Author(s): László Sipos / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 05/2021

Szécsi Gábor – Tóth I. János (szerk.): Természet és felelősség. A környezeti etika és nevelés filozófiai alapjai. Gondolat, Bp., 2020.

A létben szituáltság móduszai és az időbeliség. A megértés, a diszpozíció, a hanyatlás és a beszéd időbelisége fundamentálontológiai értelmének interpretációja

Author(s): Pál Petki / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2020

The present paper aims at the interpretation of certain specific Heideggerian concepts related mainly to Being and Time. According to the interpretational horizon of fundamental ontology, in which it is included, the concept mainly presumes a way of viewing aspects of temporality in connection with the modality of situatedness in being of Dasein, which is identifiable in the phenomenal texture of “existential modi”, to which the concept refers. At the same time, all analyses performed implicitly highlight the fundamental difference between the Heideggerian meaning and the traditional/psychological meaning of the discussed concepts.

A nyelv formális megközelítésének a korlátai

Author(s): P. Alpár Gergely / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2019

Within the philosophy of language there is a distinction between the natural language philosophers and the ideal language philosophers. The distinction is drawn based on the way these philosophers reflect on language and the world. Natural language philosophers stress the context-based feature of meaning, while the ideal language philosophers emphasize the context-free feature of meaning. In my study I want to show that even within the formal study of language, in the apparent absence of any context, the notions of valuation and interpretation help us to understand the meaning of sentences.

A PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH TO SKEPTICAL THEISM

Author(s): Steven Nemes / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2021

The purpose of the present essay is to present a version of the evidential argument from evil and to propose a ‘skeptical theistic’ response from a phenomenological point of view. In a word, the problem with the evidential argument from evil is that it attempts to put forth as justified an interpretation of the moral significance of historical events which actually exceeds the limits of human knowledge and which is based on a misinterpretation of experience. The essay also corrects certain analytic-philosophical notions regarding the nature of appearance, terminating with a discussion of the familiar critiques of analytic skeptical theism and the question of whether the belief in the existence of God might not be affected by the apparent skepticism implied by the phenomenological approach to knowledge in general.

A populizmus és a népszuverenitás paradoxonja

Eszmetörténeti vázlat

Author(s): Botond Bakcsi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2019

In The Social Contract, Rousseau outlined very accurately the problem of the foundation of the social order, a problem that was rather revolutionary in its era from a theoretical point of view, and since then has had several significant implications in modern political thought: “before we examine the act by which a people elects a king, it would be good to examine the act by which the people is a people.” Examining this very act has not lost anything of its relevance, particularly if we imply that contemporary populism brings again into the foreground the question referring to the concept of the ‘people’, which has serious political implications and which could have even more ones worldwide in the future. An analysis of Donald Trump’s inaugural address may raise some fundamental issues relevant to the connection between populism and democracy. The concept of the ‘people’ generated by the performative speech act of “You the People” renders a particular interpretation to the idea of popular sovereignty. The present essay attempts to consider the topic of populism setting off from the paradox lying within the concept of popular sovereignty.

A Prelude to Material Hermeneutics (2021)

Author(s): Don Ihde / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

This paper, originally given in Groningen, the Netherlands, proposed a ‘material hermeneutics’, or, metaphorically, an interpretation which “lets things speak” via new scientific imaging technologies. Such a material hermeneutics would add to, perhaps often displace the usual linguistictextual hermeneutics so refined by Paul Ricoeur. I outline several examples of such a hermeneutics here based on some 40 or more years of technoscience experience.

A Prolegomenon on the Philosophical Foundations of Deep Learning as Theory of (Artificial) Intelligence

Author(s): Sandro Skansi,Marko Kardum / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

This paper examines the philosophical foundations of deep learning. By pointing to the beginnings of deep learning and artificial neuron as a logical model of a human neuron, it is possible to claim that artificial intelligence was developed even before its official creation and that it was strongly connected to propositional logic. Bearing in mind some major setbacks in the development of neural networks, we show that deep learning can be treated as the theory of artificial intelligence and that it falls under artificial intelligence paradigm by claiming that everything can be done with learning alone and that all intelligent behavior is learnable. Thus, deep learning is a philosophical or an epistemological approach in which a form of radical empiricism must be advocated. Therefore, there is nothing in the mind that was not in the senses, and there cannot be anything in the mind that is not learnable.

A propos de la décision chez A. Badiou ou peut-on être atheiste

Author(s): Jelica Riha / Language(s): French,Macedonian / Issue: 1/2006

Je ne me propose pas d’éclairer la pensée d’A. Badiou. Le sujet est trop vaste pour être abordé de manière exhaustive. Il est nécessaire donc de trouver une approche, un angle d’attaque, si je puis dire, plus restreint. Le propos qui suit vise un point et un seul: le point où se dessine la ligne de partage entre la philosophie et l’antiphilosophie: la décision.

A Reading Attempt On The Relationship of Film and Dream Experience: The Secret Face

Author(s): Hazal Orhon / Language(s): English / Issue: Sp. Iss./2021

Classically defined films, which adopt the logic of daily life and proceed in a linear line, try to give the audience a kind of “real life” experience, while the films that go beyond the usual system and exceed the time-space boundaries comprehend the audience with a dream-like experience. The aim of this study is to investigate dreams in cinema by examining them structurally, formally and aesthetically. In this direction, firstly, the facts of bast az-zaman and tayy al-makan in Sufism is used in order to put the concepts of time and space on a basis. The effect of time use in cinema on creating dream experience is investigated through Gilles Deleuze’s concept of time-image and Yvette Biro’s situations defined as moments of turbulence in cinema. After the relationship between film and dream experience is grounded on a basis through time and space, in order to shed light on the further stages, the relationship of dreams with reality and unreality is emphasized and the projection of this relationship in cinema is investigated. In this context, the thoughts of the German philosopher Thorsten-Botz Bormstein, who made detailed studies on films and dreams, is included. A reading attempt was made by analyzing the relationship between film and dream experience through Ömer Kavur’s The Secret Face (1990) film, which has a unique dream language.

A sokféleség két formája és a homogenizáció

Author(s): János Tóth I. / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2019

Diversity is the unity of sameness and non-sameness (difference). In a basic situation, the more significant the difference, the greater the diversity. However, the organic systems based on relatively homogeneous groups, sub-units and structures are governed by special rules. The heterogenization of groups, that is, their dissolution decreases diversity. I propose to present this paradox effect of homogenization through examples taken from biology and social studies. The structural diversity of humanity is closely linked to the objective and subjective sameness and identity of individuals. There are three fundamental, political approaches to relate to human diversity: hierarchy, the approach that emphasizes difference; equality that emphasizes sameness, and equality that emphasizes difference. The first approach belongs to the outworn past, therefore the battle for defining the future takes place between the remaining two approaches. The aspect that these approaches are debating is whether it is the individual form of diversity (globalization, deconstruction) or its structural form (emancipation, sovereignty) that must be promoted.

A Virtue-based Model for Medical Ethics and Practice in Edmund Pellegrino

Author(s): Philemon Ayibo / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

This paper deals with the resurgence of interest in virtue ethics in professional ethics, specifically as it applies to Edmund Daniel Pellegrino’s account in medical ethics. Pellegrino investigates in a clear manner the ethical problems of contemporary medicine from a virtue ethics point of view and offers a virtue-based ethic for medicine as an effective tool and a practical guide for confronting the challenges of modern medicine. His account builds on a thesis of the indispensability of virtuous character traits for a sound medical practice. Pellegrino’s virtue ethics offers a plausible and distinctive alternative to utilitarian and Kantian (principle-based) approaches to understanding and evaluating professional roles. It is hoped that our exploration of Pellegrino’s account will underline the place of a virtue ethics in medicine and stimulate a similar inquiry into social welfare, and into other forms of human professions and disciplines.