"KRAJ" FILOZOFIJE KOD HEIDEGGERA

Author(s): Spahija Kozlic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 1/2018

When German philosopher Martin Heidegger in the short essay The End of Philosophy and the Task of Thinking reactivated the old-fashioned concept of aletheia and etymologically linked it with the common definitions of truth in the twentieth century, he has provoked heated discussions among philosophers in the last fifty years. It is about the question that is bravely raised in this essay; what is more important - the truth or what the truth makes possible? In other words, Heidegger cast doubt on dominating scientificism and the overwhelming suppression of the critical thinking, which is the character of modern times as the era of "radical" value pluralism. To speak of what makes the truth possible means to consider the positioning of existence in times of technical-technological suppression of man today.

"Prolegomena filozofii pracy" Stanisława Brzozowskiego w kontekście naszych morderczych zmagań dla przyszłych pokoleń

Author(s): Katarzyna Popek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: XXVI/2014

Without doubt “Prolegomena filozofii pracy” by Stanislaw Brzozowski sets in a historical perspective the trail which we can go through not only thanks to our serious effort, but also to the intangible internal gesture. According to this philosopher, the work irreversibly determines the shape of our lives; it creates a world of culture. What is more, life is its purpose in the sense that it makes permanent transformations in the world that protects human life – not necessarily our own! According to this new logic, man creates his life and the cognition of himself. Reconstruction of murderous mental rite of work is impossible, because living matter wears just down through the work. However, according to Brzozowski, we cannot know anything except our own life. We constantly think about it, we give it some shape. The author passionately draws from Hegel’s philosophy of process, but he arrives at his own implications. Brzozowski has made a specific identification of consciousness with a deep philosophy. In his opinion, our fear of the future would not be justified if we could rely on the work of our ancestors. However, work remains our constant challenge. In general, a person is very weak and fragile in the face of the world of nature. We are weak when we are subordinated to the objective rules. If a human develops in the work – he and she protects and cares for their truly human dignity. Brzozowski was a rebelious thinker. He believed in the cause of the working class even more than their own strength. I would like to dedicate my article to Stanislaw Brzozowski to demonstrate what a piercing philosopher and a theorist of social thought he was.

"Uistinu nije moguća kritika onoga što činim" Jacques Derrida odgovara Florianu Rötzeru

Author(s): Jacques Derrida,Florian Rötzer / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 05+06/1987

Interview with Jacques Derrida by Florian Rötzer

1930’lar Aydinin Gözünden Devrim İdeolojisi. Şevket Süreyya Aydemir’in Perspektifinden Kemalizm

Author(s): Hayriye Gürbüz / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 93/2018

Turkish intellectuals who has survived by taking the “state” as a pivot from Ottoman Empire till the Republic has switched to the questioning of “How does the state continue its existence and how does it modernize itself?” in 1930s from “How is the state established?” and tried to govern the political power with this mission attached themselves. This governance could be occurred by drawing of a dissent intellectualist figure to the political power or with a supportive and favorable manner of political power. Kadro journal which is a pioneer movement of the 1930s and its ideologist Şevket Süreyya chosen to govern political power with supportive manner and interpreted the Kemalism-ideology of revolution from this perspective. However, it is also difficult to say that the revolution ideology of 1930s overlaps directly with Kemalism. Turkish intellectual who is trained at the state, an officer at the government and state-oriented, reveal its own differences even with small nuances. This article focuses on Şevket Süreyya Aydemir, who revealed these small nuances in 1930s with further growing nuances in 1960s. The difference between the 1930s and 1960s is that in the 1960s the reason for existence did not depend on political power. Turkish intellectual, specific to Şevket Süreyya, can exist within the boundaries drawn by political power in the 1930s, was trying to lead both political power and the public in this narrow living area. However, the Turkish intellectuals were critical despite their avoidance of criticism of Kemalism. Şevket Süreyya had critical thoughts despite the limited partnership with political power and his ideology for the revolution did not coincide with Kemalism. The places where this non-overlap is most obvious are the principles of nationalism, populism and etatism.

A Brief History of New Realism

Author(s): Maurizio Ferraris / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2016

In this paper I try to sketch a brief history of new realism. Starting from nineteenth century idealism, I then move on to discuss twentieth century postmodernism, which, I argue, is the heir of idealism and the theoretical enemy of new realism. Finally, I offer a reconstruction of how and why contemporary new realism came into being and propose a few remarks on its future perspectives.

A critical analysis of dialogue in Levinas’ ethics

Author(s): Victor Ogheneochuko Jeko,George U. Ukagba / Language(s): English / Issue: XXX/2018

Levinas’s ethics has not been able to address the plethora of human challenges arising from the ethical quicksand and moral quandaries in our existential world. The problem of ethics in Levinas’ s philosophical cum phenomenological analysis, is the problem of human communication, social interaction, human emancipation, freedom, and existential/ metaphysical relations. Freedom has become not just a hot concept in different fields of study, but a very powerful and a driving concept. For Levinas, freedom is not just the absence of constraints or impediments but obedience to laws and even the laws of nature inclusive. This paper adopted the method of hermeneutic to critically analyze Levinas’s phenomenological ethics. This paper concludes by exposing the facts that human communication or interaction is based on understanding and the ethics of difference is part and parcel of inter-subjectivity. Dasein is always faced with the fulfilment in its lived temporality. A sharing of the world is an essential characteristics of human togetherness. Dasein, in its dialogical engagement and existential commitment is usually based on freedom, strife, world sharing and resistance. Dialogical philosophy is the foremost part of world’s cosmic law of concrete social network.

A fenomenológia és az analitikus filozófia metszéspontjain

Author(s): Lajos András Kiss / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 09/2012

Szigeti Attila: A testet öltött másik. Kortárs fenomenológiai tanulmányok, Pro Philosophia Kiadó, Kvár, 2011.

A gonosz arcai a szcientológiában

Author(s): Izabella Demeter / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 07/2012

„A Szcientológia egy vallás, amelyet L. Ron Hubbard fejlesztett ki, és amely az ember való- di szellemi természetének és önmagához, családjához, csoportokhoz, az Emberiséghez, minden életformához, a fizikai univerzumhoz, a szellemi univerzumhoz és a Legfelsõbb Lényhez való viszonyának teljes és biztos megértéséhez kínál pontos útvonalat”1 – válaszolja a Mi a szcientológia? kérdésre a nemzetközi hivatalos honlap tájékoztató része. Napjaink egyik leggyorsabb ütemben terjeszkedõ egyházáról lévén szó, jelen írásban nem vállalkozom a kérdésre adott feleletek átfogó összegzésére – maga az egyház több ezer kötetet jelentetett meg, az ellene felszólalók is majdnem ugyanennyit –, ehelyett a vallás kialakulása és meghirdetett alapelvei kerülnek e gondolatmenet fókuszába, Alain Badiou Etikájának2 lencséjén át szemlélve.

A határhelyzet mint létélmény

Author(s): Zsuzsa Tapodi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 09/2012

Bányai Éva: Térképzetek, névtérképek, határidentitások, Komp-Press, Kvár, 2011.

A PLEA FOR THE PLURALITY OF FUNCTION

Author(s): Tony Cheng / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2016

In this paper I defend a pluralistic approach in understanding function, both in biological and other contexts. Talks about function are ubiquitous and crucial in biology, and it might be the key to bridge the “manifest image” and the “scientific image” identified by Sellars (1962). However, analysis of function has proven to be extremely difficult. The major puzzle is to make sense of “time-reversed causality”: how can property P be the cause of its realizer R? For example, “pumping blood” is a property of hearts, but a property of hearts cannot be the cause of the presence of hearts, since properties cannot predate their realizers and be causes of them. In section 2 I discuss Wright’s etiological analysis, Cummins’ causal-role analysis, and their critics. In section 3 I defend a version of the “consensus without unity” strategy proposed by Godfrey-Smith from Christopher Boorse’s recent critique (2002). In Section 4 I conclude by reflecting on the relation between functional discourses and physicalism.

A szabadság mint a lét struktúrájának meggyengítése

Adalékok a sartre-i szabadságfogalom értelmezéséhez

Author(s): Pál Petki / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2018

According to Jean-Paul Sartre, it is in the human being’s specific rapport to the world that Nothingness appears. Questioning is considered to be the fundamental modality of this rapport. He handles this as an entity with fundamental ontological relevance, owing to the fact that through its structural elements of denying and nihilation, it introduces negatités into the world, and thus it is capable of producing ontological articulations. The basis of Sartre’s specific interpretation of freedom results from these traits of Man’s existence in the world, which also leads to the definition of man as an existence capable of weakening the structure of being. The present thesis contains interpretations referring to these aspects of the significance of Sartre’s concept of freedom.

A. BADIOU ANKSTYVOJI SUBJEKTO TEORIJA IR KOVINGO SUBJEKTO IŠKILIMAS

Author(s): Kasparas Pocius / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 94/2018

In the article, while differentiating between the resistance theories of Badiou, Deleuze, and Guattari, the attempt is made to emphasize Badiou’s critique of the theory of asubjective becoming and desire as well as his attempt to develop it into the dialectics between the insurgent students and what Deleuze and Guattari call the “missing people”. Badiou’s theory of the subject, based on the works of Hegel, Lenin and Mao, is regarded as a counterpoint to the theories of revolutionary desire. The revolutionary strategies of Lenin and Mao, based on Hegel’s philosophy, allow them to create the concepts of totality as the unity of the opposites, as the split One, as well as to determine the conflictual dialectical process that conditions the rise and existence of a revolutionary subject – party. While relating the dialectical concepts of the above mentioned authors with Badiou’s concepts of scission, torsion and periodization, Badiou’s logic of the subject is explained. It allows revolutionary forces to constantly resist the institutional practices of placement, destroy stability and immerse into the new cycles of struggle instead of undergoing the process of recuperation and return to the system. The above mentioned concepts meaningfully supplement the vocabulary of social movements and minor politics. Allowing them to spread beyond their comfort zones and to aim at what for them is still a “noumenon”: the sphere of everyday struggles for dignity and survival. We, not the “missing people”, have to be the protagonists of such struggles.

ABOUT STUPIDITY AND MORALITY IN POLITICS ACCORDING TO ANDRÉ GLUCKSMANN

Author(s): Nicolae Iuga / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 11/2017

Generally, the historical moment of separating the moral of politics is placed upon the appearance of Machiavelli's writings. There is, however, in the same century, a less famous French thinker, Jean Bodin (1530-1569), who performs the same operation as Machiavelli, a writer analyzed by André Glucksmann. After Bodin, the idea of sovereignty is what allows us to explain why the state is preserved as existence. The state is good because it exists, because it survives, and it does not exist because it would be good. So political philosophy frees itself from all servitude to Ethics. On the other hand, under the conditions of nuclear arming, politicians can not totally abstain from the moral norms called upon to regulate political relations. Thus Max Weber's idea is that the politician has to practice an ethic of responsibility, that is, to seek to provide as much as possible the consequences of his actions and to assume responsibility for his decisions.

Adorno: elementi intelektualne biografije

Author(s): Hans-Günther Holl / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 06/1983

Historijski razvoj interesovanja za Adomovo djelo, gotovo zaboravljeno u Njemačkoj nekoliko godina poslije smrti autora Negativne dijalektike, svjedoči pouzdano o važnosti te filozofije — po suštini protivnoj »integraciji« a osuđenoj na »izolovanost« — od oduševljenog ali površnog pristajanja koje je najprije doživjela.

Aesthetics and the Feminine. Conference Report

Author(s): Mary Edwards / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Affekt und Phantasie im Aufb au personaler Realitäten. Zur emotiven Wirkungsphänomenologie der Lebenswelt

Author(s): Jagna Brudzinska / Language(s): German / Issue: 57supl./2012

In the modern philosophy fantasies, affects and emotions are often unregarded or dismissed as subject of psychology. Today they are (re-)discovered by the modern cognitive – and neurosciences. But first of all it is the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl which investigates fantasies and affects with regard to its constitutive functions in the self and world experience. The phenomenology interprets fantasies and affects by its fundamental functions of the emotive effectiveness as a consciousness of a concrete bodily and personal subjectivity. Only with the genetic-phenomenological intentional analysis fantasies, bodily affects and emotions can also be investigated within the deeper levels of passive experience with regard to its subjective and intersubjective effectiveness as affections, kinaesthesis and phantasma. The method of genetic phenomenology makes it possible to understand the emotive dynamics of these fields and to find out the concrete emotive achievements of sense-performing in our subjective life. In my contribution I discuss these aspects beginning with the draft of a phenomenological concept of emotiveness. I describe the basic character of the emotive effectiveness-structure of the subjective constitution and discuss the phenomenological understanding of fantasy as a consciousness of experience with regard to its emotive structure of effectiveness. Thereby I consider its temporal and motivational dynamics. On this background I analyze the emotive aspect of the personal as well as interpersonal constitution and finally I shortly describe a specific structure of intersubjective sympathetic experience, which has in my view a fundamental significance for the genesis of our shared world as life-world. This sympathetic experience can only be interpreted with respect to the understanding of the emotive structure of experiencing consciousness. In this way fantasies, affects and emotions get a new importance as a research field of theoretical and practical phenomenology

Afirmacija ljudskog simboličkim oblicima. Cassirer o jeziku i znanosti

Author(s): Hasnije Ilazi / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 02/150/2018

In his philosophy of culture, Cassirer refused to understand the human being as homo faber, and he partially accepted to understand the human being as animal rationale. The essence of the human being is composed of his creational acts, and he is creating culture by the way of symbolic forms. The paper will present Cassirer’s theory of symbols as the basis for differentiating human nature from the nature of other living beings, and the base of human existence as the communication in the social surrounding. The human being as a symbolic animal will be elaborated through a relation between language and science, as well as tradition and innovation in the dynamic process of creating culture. Because the paper is presenting an anthropological review of the rule of the symbol in confirming the essence of human being, the goal was to point at the (lack of) rational mechanisms of symbols for manifesting the irrational human nature.

AGAINST EXTRINSIC DISPOSITIONS

Author(s): Seungbae Park / Language(s): English / Issue: 16/2017

McKitrick (2003) proposes that an object has a disposition if and only if there are a manifestation, the circumstances of the manifestation, a counterfactual true of the object, and an overtly dispositional locution referring to the disposition. A disposition is extrinsic if and only if an object has it, but a perfect duplicate of the object might not have it. I present an alternative definition that an object has a disposition if and only if a counterfactual is true of the object that, under a certain condition, it would interact with another object in a certain manner. There are three reasons for thinking that my definition is better than her definition. 1. Ockham’s razor favors my definition over McKitrick’s definition. 2. My definition is consistent, while her definition is not, with Lewis’s and her definitions of intrinsic and extrinsic properties. 3. My definition goes well, while her definition does not, with our intuition that an object has a disposition even in a possible world where there is nothing but that object.

Against Hegel and Marx: In Favor of Danto’s, Benjamin’s, and Löwith’s Critiques of Universal History

Author(s): Rocco ASTORE / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

A commonality shared by Hegel and Marx is their belief in the existence of a collective destiny or universal history of humankind. Though compelling, it persists that there are major challenges to interpreting history as such. First, this piece will surmise each authors’ understanding of the common historical theme, and goal,they believe unites all people. Next, this essay will draw from philosophers Walter Benjamin and Danto, to challenge each theorists’ version of universal history.Lastly, this work will draw from Spinoza and Löwith, to further argue that the possibility of a common human history is almost nil, because of the conflicting influences unavoidably tainting the attempts of philosophers such as Hegel and Marx at universalizing history.

AIMS AS EXPERIENCE

Author(s): John Freeman-Moir / Language(s): English / Issue: 06/2017

Human action runs thick with aims and means. Without aims, without means, and the interplay between them the very idea of action itself would be unintelligible. Through space and time means are transformed into aims or ends-in-view; and aims simultaneously signal the possibilities of further means, and so ad infinitum. This article represents a keynote address given to the NZARE Conference on Aims and Ends in Education, at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, 29 August 2016.