"KRAJ" FILOZOFIJE KOD HEIDEGGERA

Author(s): Spahija Kozlic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 1/2018

When German philosopher Martin Heidegger in the short essay The End of Philosophy and the Task of Thinking reactivated the old-fashioned concept of aletheia and etymologically linked it with the common definitions of truth in the twentieth century, he has provoked heated discussions among philosophers in the last fifty years. It is about the question that is bravely raised in this essay; what is more important - the truth or what the truth makes possible? In other words, Heidegger cast doubt on dominating scientificism and the overwhelming suppression of the critical thinking, which is the character of modern times as the era of "radical" value pluralism. To speak of what makes the truth possible means to consider the positioning of existence in times of technical-technological suppression of man today.

"Prolegomena filozofii pracy" Stanisława Brzozowskiego w kontekście naszych morderczych zmagań dla przyszłych pokoleń

Author(s): Katarzyna Popek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: XXVI/2014

Without doubt “Prolegomena filozofii pracy” by Stanislaw Brzozowski sets in a historical perspective the trail which we can go through not only thanks to our serious effort, but also to the intangible internal gesture. According to this philosopher, the work irreversibly determines the shape of our lives; it creates a world of culture. What is more, life is its purpose in the sense that it makes permanent transformations in the world that protects human life – not necessarily our own! According to this new logic, man creates his life and the cognition of himself. Reconstruction of murderous mental rite of work is impossible, because living matter wears just down through the work. However, according to Brzozowski, we cannot know anything except our own life. We constantly think about it, we give it some shape. The author passionately draws from Hegel’s philosophy of process, but he arrives at his own implications. Brzozowski has made a specific identification of consciousness with a deep philosophy. In his opinion, our fear of the future would not be justified if we could rely on the work of our ancestors. However, work remains our constant challenge. In general, a person is very weak and fragile in the face of the world of nature. We are weak when we are subordinated to the objective rules. If a human develops in the work – he and she protects and cares for their truly human dignity. Brzozowski was a rebelious thinker. He believed in the cause of the working class even more than their own strength. I would like to dedicate my article to Stanislaw Brzozowski to demonstrate what a piercing philosopher and a theorist of social thought he was.

1930’lar Aydinin Gözünden Devrim İdeolojisi. Şevket Süreyya Aydemir’in Perspektifinden Kemalizm

Author(s): Hayriye Gürbüz / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 93/2018

Turkish intellectuals who has survived by taking the “state” as a pivot from Ottoman Empire till the Republic has switched to the questioning of “How does the state continue its existence and how does it modernize itself?” in 1930s from “How is the state established?” and tried to govern the political power with this mission attached themselves. This governance could be occurred by drawing of a dissent intellectualist figure to the political power or with a supportive and favorable manner of political power. Kadro journal which is a pioneer movement of the 1930s and its ideologist Şevket Süreyya chosen to govern political power with supportive manner and interpreted the Kemalism-ideology of revolution from this perspective. However, it is also difficult to say that the revolution ideology of 1930s overlaps directly with Kemalism. Turkish intellectual who is trained at the state, an officer at the government and state-oriented, reveal its own differences even with small nuances. This article focuses on Şevket Süreyya Aydemir, who revealed these small nuances in 1930s with further growing nuances in 1960s. The difference between the 1930s and 1960s is that in the 1960s the reason for existence did not depend on political power. Turkish intellectual, specific to Şevket Süreyya, can exist within the boundaries drawn by political power in the 1930s, was trying to lead both political power and the public in this narrow living area. However, the Turkish intellectuals were critical despite their avoidance of criticism of Kemalism. Şevket Süreyya had critical thoughts despite the limited partnership with political power and his ideology for the revolution did not coincide with Kemalism. The places where this non-overlap is most obvious are the principles of nationalism, populism and etatism.

A Brief History of New Realism

Author(s): Maurizio Ferraris / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2016

In this paper I try to sketch a brief history of new realism. Starting from nineteenth century idealism, I then move on to discuss twentieth century postmodernism, which, I argue, is the heir of idealism and the theoretical enemy of new realism. Finally, I offer a reconstruction of how and why contemporary new realism came into being and propose a few remarks on its future perspectives.

A fenomenológia és az analitikus filozófia metszéspontjain

Author(s): Lajos András Kiss / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 09/2012

Szigeti Attila: A testet öltött másik. Kortárs fenomenológiai tanulmányok, Pro Philosophia Kiadó, Kvár, 2011.

A gonosz arcai a szcientológiában

Author(s): Izabella Demeter / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 07/2012

„A Szcientológia egy vallás, amelyet L. Ron Hubbard fejlesztett ki, és amely az ember való- di szellemi természetének és önmagához, családjához, csoportokhoz, az Emberiséghez, minden életformához, a fizikai univerzumhoz, a szellemi univerzumhoz és a Legfelsõbb Lényhez való viszonyának teljes és biztos megértéséhez kínál pontos útvonalat”1 – válaszolja a Mi a szcientológia? kérdésre a nemzetközi hivatalos honlap tájékoztató része. Napjaink egyik leggyorsabb ütemben terjeszkedõ egyházáról lévén szó, jelen írásban nem vállalkozom a kérdésre adott feleletek átfogó összegzésére – maga az egyház több ezer kötetet jelentetett meg, az ellene felszólalók is majdnem ugyanennyit –, ehelyett a vallás kialakulása és meghirdetett alapelvei kerülnek e gondolatmenet fókuszába, Alain Badiou Etikájának2 lencséjén át szemlélve.

A határhelyzet mint létélmény

Author(s): Zsuzsa Tapodi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 09/2012

Bányai Éva: Térképzetek, névtérképek, határidentitások, Komp-Press, Kvár, 2011.

A PLEA FOR THE PLURALITY OF FUNCTION

Author(s): Tony Cheng / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2016

In this paper I defend a pluralistic approach in understanding function, both in biological and other contexts. Talks about function are ubiquitous and crucial in biology, and it might be the key to bridge the “manifest image” and the “scientific image” identified by Sellars (1962). However, analysis of function has proven to be extremely difficult. The major puzzle is to make sense of “time-reversed causality”: how can property P be the cause of its realizer R? For example, “pumping blood” is a property of hearts, but a property of hearts cannot be the cause of the presence of hearts, since properties cannot predate their realizers and be causes of them. In section 2 I discuss Wright’s etiological analysis, Cummins’ causal-role analysis, and their critics. In section 3 I defend a version of the “consensus without unity” strategy proposed by Godfrey-Smith from Christopher Boorse’s recent critique (2002). In Section 4 I conclude by reflecting on the relation between functional discourses and physicalism.

Adorno: elementi intelektualne biografije

Author(s): Hans-Günther Holl / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 6/1983

Historijski razvoj interesovanja za Adomovo djelo, gotovo zaboravljeno u Njemačkoj nekoliko godina poslije smrti autora Negativne dijalektike, svjedoči pouzdano o važnosti te filozofije — po suštini protivnoj »integraciji« a osuđenoj na »izolovanost« — od oduševljenog ali površnog pristajanja koje je najprije doživjela.

Aesthetics and the Feminine. Conference Report

Author(s): Mary Edwards / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

AGAINST EXTRINSIC DISPOSITIONS

Author(s): Seungbae Park / Language(s): English / Issue: 16/2017

McKitrick (2003) proposes that an object has a disposition if and only if there are a manifestation, the circumstances of the manifestation, a counterfactual true of the object, and an overtly dispositional locution referring to the disposition. A disposition is extrinsic if and only if an object has it, but a perfect duplicate of the object might not have it. I present an alternative definition that an object has a disposition if and only if a counterfactual is true of the object that, under a certain condition, it would interact with another object in a certain manner. There are three reasons for thinking that my definition is better than her definition. 1. Ockham’s razor favors my definition over McKitrick’s definition. 2. My definition is consistent, while her definition is not, with Lewis’s and her definitions of intrinsic and extrinsic properties. 3. My definition goes well, while her definition does not, with our intuition that an object has a disposition even in a possible world where there is nothing but that object.

Against Hegel and Marx: In Favor of Danto’s, Benjamin’s, and Löwith’s Critiques of Universal History

Author(s): Rocco ASTORE / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

A commonality shared by Hegel and Marx is their belief in the existence of a collective destiny or universal history of humankind. Though compelling, it persists that there are major challenges to interpreting history as such. First, this piece will surmise each authors’ understanding of the common historical theme, and goal,they believe unites all people. Next, this essay will draw from philosophers Walter Benjamin and Danto, to challenge each theorists’ version of universal history.Lastly, this work will draw from Spinoza and Löwith, to further argue that the possibility of a common human history is almost nil, because of the conflicting influences unavoidably tainting the attempts of philosophers such as Hegel and Marx at universalizing history.

AIMS AS EXPERIENCE

Author(s): John Freeman-Moir / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2017

Human action runs thick with aims and means. Without aims, without means, and the interplay between them the very idea of action itself would be unintelligible. Through space and time means are transformed into aims or ends-in-view; and aims simultaneously signal the possibilities of further means, and so ad infinitum. This article represents a keynote address given to the NZARE Conference on Aims and Ends in Education, at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, 29 August 2016.

Alexandre Kojève: Moskovska mandarinska marksistička krtica u Francuskoj

Author(s): Keith Patchen / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 20/2015

Tko je bio Aleksandar Vladimirovič Koževnikov? Kako bismo shvatili Koževnikova, Rusa koji je preuzeo francusko državljanstvo i promijenio ime Aleksandar Koževnikov u Alexandre Kojeve, trebamo za misliti utjecajnoga agenta ruske obavještajne službe, KGB-a, koji je djelovao u središtu Europe i francuske ekonomske i međunarodne ekonomske politike.

Alexandre’o Kojeve’o filosofinė evoliucija: nuo hėgelizmo į natūralizmą

Author(s): Linas Jokubaitis / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 11/2016

The article examines the fundamental premises of Alexandre Kojeve’s interpretation of Hegel’s philosophy, the source of his views on the genesis of humanity and history. The paper is focused on the French philosopher’s attempt to explain how Homo sapiens becomes a human being. This explanation can only be understood within the framework of his dualistic anthropology, which is reconstructed in the article. Kojeve’s philosophy of history is discussed only in so far as it helps to understand his anthropology. The article reveals the paradoxes of Kojeve’s dualistic anthropology. According to his provocative assertions, at the end of history human beings will return to the state of animality. Kojeve left us with only short fragmentary assertions about the idea of the end of history, however, today he is most widely known for this provocative idea.

Algio Uždavinio Įnašas Į Civilizacinės Ir Filosofinės Komparatyvistikos Tyrinėjimus

Author(s): Antanas Andrijauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 72/2012

The article discusses the intellectual biography and scientific achievements of Algis Uždavinys (1962–2010), a distinguished representative of comparativism. It focuses on his encyclopedic erudition, wide academic interests, way of thinking, and prolific creativity. The article also considers his approach to Oriental and Occidental cultures, their mentalities and traditions, weltanschauungs and philosophies, theoretical principles and schools, for example, Sufism and Neo-Platonism. Finally, the article analyzes the peculiarities of his comparativist methodology, strategies of interdisciplinary inquiry, and Uzdavinys’ contribution to cultural and philosophical comparativism, Neo-Platonism, Sufism and other fields of inquiry.

Alphonso Lingis: atsakomybės ribos

Author(s): Danute Baceviciute / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 11/2016

The article deals with the problem of responsibility in the work of Alphonso Lingis, a Lithuanian-born American phenomenologist. Lingis discusses the problem of responsibility in two aspects: 1) by criticizing rational and autonomous responsibility that opposes humanity to animality; 2) by elaborating responsibility as our response to imperatives that are received in our environment. In the latter case, responsibility appears not as the power of autonomous subject, but as the responsibility that is provoked by the suffering of the other, by some importance and necessity. This responsibility supposes not the human–animal opposition but an affinity that emerges from our sensitive flesh. In the first part of the article, the author argues that Lingis criticizes the notions of autonomous subject and of radical otherness because these notions determine responsibility as the abstraction from the concrete worldly experience. In his turn, Lingis offers the notion of responsibility as a tactful response that (because of our sensitive body) makes us potentially responsible in every situation, but requires our concrete response in this particular situation. In the second part of the article, the author discusses the human–animal distinction and the notion of human animality in the ethics of Kant and Lingis. The author maintains that Lingis describes subjectivity (the self) not as the self-reflective account but as the intensification of passion and reveals the animal vigor of the mind so as to erase the human–animal distinction and inspire the thought that resists escapism.

AN AUTO-ETHNOGRAPHY OF VEGAN PRAXIS AND ENCOUNTERS WITH THE MEAT-EATING CYBORG

Author(s): Lynley Tulloch / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2016

This paper is an experimental auto-ethnography based on an explication of my personal journey and vegan praxis as an academic, poet and writer. Through narrative, poetry and short stories it explores the cultural phenomena of institutionalized forms of animal use in late-stage capitalism. Donna Haraway’s notion of the cyborg – a cybernetic organism that is both a human and a machine – is used to argue that in fusing the human body with the cultural inscriptions of science, capitalism and modernity, meat-eating fails to become a simply “natural” process (i.e. personal body and the body politic are one). Our bodies become culturally inscribed with the technological codes that become our very flesh. When meat-eating is considered in terms of the meat-eating “cyborg” it can be regarded as central to the Western plot of ever escalating domination of animals/nature. It is argued that through processes of bio-power, the categorization of certain animals constitutes a form of “framing” as “animals-becoming-meat” which renders them legitimately “killable” (Giraud, 2013; Rowe, 2011). In addition, through vivisection animals become the mere material fodder for experiential analysis without due attention being paid to their subjectivity.

AN EXISTENTIAL ERRAND: SCHOLARSHIP, AUTHORSHIP AND THE CRISIS OF REPRESENTATION

Author(s): Thomas Basbøl / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2015

Since 1968, at least, academia has been subject to the “crisis of representation.” This essay explores the consequences of the “postmodern condition” for the identity formation of academics. It is informed by Foucault’s and Deleuze’s understanding of the pivotal intellectual developments in the late 20th century, which are taken to challenge Wittgenstein’s presumption that language is essentially about the assertion of facts. Instead of abandoning representation, however, it proposes to meet this challenge squarely, proposing a disciplined engagement with its particular difficulty. Facts are deployed in academic writing, it argues, through the act of scholarship. The ability to represent a fact is at the core of the knowledge that is implicit in the self-formation of the scholar.

Analiza krytyczna Bernarda Williamsa koncepcji filozofii

Author(s): Pawel Pijas / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2012

The aim of this text is to reconstruct metaphilosophical standpoint of Bernard Williams. According to presented interpretation his stanpoint consists of following theses: (1) Science has privileged cognitive access to the reality. Two arguments are given to support the claim: (1a) the argument from convergence, and (1b) the 'error theory' argument. (2) From (1) follows that Williams' basic standpoint in metaphysics is naturalism. (3) From (1) and (2) together follows that Williams' concept of philosophy is non-autonomous one. (4) The aim of the philosophy according to that concept is to make sense out of human intellectual and practical activities. (5) Williams accepts and uses three philosophical methods in his programme: the method of a conceptual analysis, the method of genealogy, so-called quasi-phenomenological method. At the end of text there are critical remarks on Williams' naturalism and on arguments that are supporting this standpoint.