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"A myśli w mym sercu przesłane przez Boga" - ewolucja dominanty lirycznej w poezjach Jehudy ha-Lewiego

Author(s): Barbara Gryczan / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2017

The author presented a number of Yehuda ha-Levi’s poems accompanied by their literary translation into Polish. Based on selected lyrical poems she presented ha-Levi’s artistic and philosophical attitude, and especially the changes it underwent during the author’s long life. The author paid special attention to the mystical themes in the works. The inimitable manner of portraying the intimate bond with the Absolute, the dreams, the recollections of Israel’s history, and the trip to Jerusalem as the climax, became a source of inspiration for generations of mystics. In order to encourage fuller and more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon which Yehuda ha-Levi’s poetry represented, the author also included numerous commentaries serving as references to the author’s biography and the historical, cultural and linguistic background of his times.

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"Ikaromenippos" – starożytny dialog o locie na Księżyc i do niebiańskiej siedziby bogów

Author(s): Dominika Budzanowska-Weglenda / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Dominika Budzanowska-Weglenda’s chapter proposes an analysis of the Ikaromenippos or Voyage in Space, which is one of dialogues of Lucian of Samosata and probably the first literary description of the human trip to the Moon. The main character takes on this journey because of his aversion to philosophy. Lucian’s Ikaromenippos is a fantastic dialogue: a philosopher, probably the cynic, and satirist Menippus of Gadara, flies here “through the stars”. He takes two wings of large birds: the wing of the vulture and the wing of the eagle, and performs an incredible feat, worthy of Icarus: he reaches the Moon (from where he looks at the people and their actions on Earth), and then flies to Heaven—to the gods, “in upper Zeus’ rooms”. The story of Menippus’journey is like a swift current of the river, full of jocular tone, with a fantastic plot. But it clearly carries a deeper message: it expresses criticism of human attitudes and actions (adulteries, murders, conspiracies, perjury, betrayals among the closest to ones, war, courtship, piracy), meanness, false and mercenary piety, especially when stigmatizing bad behavior of philosophers, without sparing the representatives of any philosophical school. According to Lucian’s narrative, philosophers are lazy, quarrelsome, bloated, angry, grotesque, tumultuous, surly, unworthy people. The author reinforces the accusations of philosophers with the deity’s words, as the goddess of the Moon, Selene, having been encountered by the traveler, complains about them as well. She believes that philosophers are impostors, leading a shameful nightlife behind the scenes: they commit adultery, steal, and commit any other evil deeds. Ikaromenippos belongs to Lucian’s satirical works featuring reflective comedy. Correspondingly, Lucian postulates the liberation from the practical cognitive pressure of the logical rules and from the philosophical logic of cognition of the universe.

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"SIMPLEMENTE MARIA": Naming Labor, Placing People in the Global Service Economy

Author(s): Karen Richman / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2007

On a Sunday morning in April, while visiting family in Newton, Massachusetts, I joined my parents and others for brunch in the restaurant of the local Marriott hotel. As an ethnographer of Haitian society, I immediately took notice that the men refilling the abundant buffets, cooking omelets, and clearing tables, and Haitian women waiting the tables were Haitian immigrants. The name badges worn by the workers confirmed their Haitian origins. But the badges identified them by a strange and unprecedented form of appellation. They were assigned typically Haitian first names—Frantz, Yves, Marie, Jeanne—but no surnames, that is, they did not have the kinds of surname one would expect to compliment and complete these first names, for example, Pierre, Belizaire, Jean-Baptiste, Saint-Fort. In place of their middle name, rather, was a city or province in Haiti! And where their last name might have been was the nation-state itself. They were ‘Frantz, Cap Haitien, Haiti;’ ‘Yves, Aux Cayes, Haiti;’ ‘Marie-Carmel, Portau-Prince, Haiti;’ and ‘Jeanne, Jacmel, Haiti.’ There were other employees who were ‘of,’ as opposed to simply ‘from,’ the United States. They were white and worked the more visible jobs of hostess and cashier. They weren’t ‘of’ a nation-state but were surnamed for a state in the US. A receptionist at the front desk was Cathy, Newton, Massachusetts.The apposition of a unique person’s first name with a concrete locality in a ‘real’ nation-state made unconscious sense to everyone in my party of four except me. For them, Marriott’s ‘writing of identity’ had taken on a sort of inevitability. If the first name, city, and country were already on the badges, these signifiers must have had status in a real or natural order. But I was struck by the non-sense of putting a first name and a location together, as though there were some inherent linkage between the elements. I was unnerved by the sight of human bodies as props for a new kind of signification.

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"Wolność albo śmierć". Prolegomena do badań nad twórczością czeczeńskiego barda Timura Mucurajewa

Author(s): Kamila Paczek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 157/2017

The article is a preliminary study of contemporary Chechen bard Timur Mutsuraev and texts of his songs. The underground bard and active participant of the First Chechen War has become a legend and symbol of the Chechen struggle for independence and freedom. Despite strong anti-Russian and Islamic message Mutsu¬raev’s songs are popular not only among independence-oriented Chechens but also among Russian youth. Most of Mutsuraev’s works are patriotic war-songs glorifying national effort to defend Chechnya against Russian aggressors. The artist celebrates Chechen national symbols, myths and ethos. Mutsurayev’s songs are particular in¬teresting subject of study in context of postcolonial theory.

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"Ненормативне тіло" в романі Енн Райс "Плач до небес": музикознавчий дискурс

Author(s): Yuri CHEKAN / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 27/2015

Art of Castrato singers – people who have deliberately modified bodies – until recently was a tabooed topic in local musicology. At the same time, the understanding of the development of European baroque and classical opera without their contributions is not only incomplete, but largely deformed because from 1590 to 1798 in the cradle of opera – Italy (in the Papa State) – women were officially banned from performing on stage. Consequently, all the female parts were performed by castrati. This article in terms of an intermedia approach examines the realities of European opera culture that became the feature material of the novel by Anne Rice "Cry to Heaven" (1982), as well as their interpretation by the contemporary American writer. Contemporary American novelist Anne Rice is known to the public primarily through his texts about vampires and witches – eleven novels form a series of "Vampire Chronicles" (1976- 2014), three novels – the series "Meyfeyrski Witch" (1990-1994), two novels – series "New Vampire Chronicles" (1998-1999). Her debut work "Interview with the Vampire" (1976) became the basis of the same movie Irish director Neil Jordan with Brad Pitt and Tom Cruise starring (1994), bringing the author the deserved popularity and reputation as one of the leaders of modern gothic novel.

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"Царството на славяните" от Мавро Орбини, руският превод на Сава Владиславич и изследванията по въпроса

Author(s): Roberto Adinolfi / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2015

The paper discusses some major publications dealing with Mavro Orbini’s Il Regno degli Slavi and its translation in Russian by Sava Vladislavich, which in turn is one of the sources of Paisiy’s Istoria slavyanobalgarska. Works by numerous Slavicists and philologists provide comprehensive explorations on this subject. This paper mainly focuses on studies by Bulgarian and Italian scholars.

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(Авто)біографічна фальсифікація як знаряддя десакралізації канонічного автора (“Трагедія Артура” А. Філіпса)

Author(s): Natalia Vysotska / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 91/2015

Due to a number of socio-cultural factors biography (sub)genre “аuthor as character” has become fairly popular in current biographic writings. It is no wonder that William Shakespeare – the central figure in the Western canon according to H. Bloom – is one of its favorite “heroes”. In his novel The Tragedy of Arthur (2011) Arthur Phillips increasingly referred to as one of the most promising American writers of his generation engages his readers in a sophisticated play carried out around Shakespeare as a cult person. The play is centered on Shakespeare’s “unknown” tragedy; its text is incorporated into the novel being a masterful stylization imitating conventions and language of Elizabethan drama. The bulk of the novel has the form of an Introduction to the play relating the latter’s story which is simultaneously the story of the protagonist’s (the writer Arthur Phillips’) personal and professional coming of age. The paper sets out to explore the strategies the novelist deploys to tackle topical issues of present-day humanities. These include institutionalizing of the canon; machinery of literary cult functioning; blending borders between the original and the copy/forgery in the age of electronic technologies; limits of autofiction, etc. The timeliness of these issues guarantees Phillips’ daring experiment no small degree of interest both in its matter and its form.

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(РА)СТВАРАЊЕ PERSONAE DRAMATIS У МАГБЕТУ ЕЖЕНА ЈОНЕСКА

Author(s): Katarina Z. Milic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 57/2015

Dans ce travail nous offrons les résultats de l’analyse des concepts dramatiques contemporains par rapport au théâtre dit traditionnel, et nous prêtons attention surtout au statut du personnage dramatique, vu que celui-ci est l’un des éléments inévitables dans la structure dramatique. Notre but est de présenter des tendences singulières du théâtre de l’absurde (le degré zéro du théâtre), et plus particulièrement la création des personnages dramatiques en tant que des figures disséminatives, mais aussi d’indiquer leur rôle dans le théâtre contemporain et leur rapport avec les contraintes structurales de celui-ci.

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`СМИСАО ЗА ИСТОРИЈУ` И `ЖИВА ТРАДИЦИЈА` У ЕЛИОТОВОЈ ПУСТОЈ ЗЕМЉИ И ПОЕЗИЈИ ШЕЈМУСА ХИНИЈА

Author(s): Ana S. Živkovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 54/2014

Comparing the poem Wasteland by Thomas Eliot to the Irish Nobel-prize winner Saemus Heaney’s collection of poetry Bogland, the paper underscores the similarities and differences aiming to prove that almost identical “sense of history’ is present in the poetry of both poets. Eliot views the “sense of history’ as the ability to recognize the same situations and patterns not only in the past, but in the present and future, bringing time into a whole, not chronological, but cyclic. “Living tradition’ is the tradition of stopping and continuing, basing the existence in the past and surviving in the present. The research includes the incongruities of Eliot’s theoretical considerations about tradition and practical realizations of those ideas in poetry, and we conclude that, according to the poet, tradition is not everything written since Homer until today, but only those works that possess the “sense of history’. The important myths (mermaid myth, Holy Grail myth, Narcissus myth) remind us that the 20th century man is not free from the primeval striving towards the spiritual and physical healing, as well as the eternal craving to divulge one’s own being completely. Civilization and capitalist tradition have distanced contemporary man from nature and sexual emotion, and directed him towards profit and material production. Despite Eliot’s declaring as a royalist and follower of catholic tradition, his poetry as well as Heaney’s is predominated by the influence of humanistic tradition based on the conflict of different cultural concepts, on the archetypes of light and darkness, heavens and the underworld.

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1920 – 1950’li YILLAR AZERBAYCAN EDEBİYATINDA MİLLİ MANEVİ İDEALLER HAKİM İDEOLOJİNİN GİRDABINDA

Author(s): Yasar RIZAYEV / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2009

1920-1950s, national-spiritual ideals of the Azerbaijan literature in the servitude of the judge ideology. This article is dealt from in which condition was national-spiritual ideals of Azerbaijan literature in the servitude of the soviet ideology and problems of Azerbaijani writers lived during this period.

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Author(s): Mathias Enar / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 504/2017

U svom sandučetu sam 2. septembra 2004. godine pronašao elegantnu brošuru svetlosive boje, u kojoj su se veličale prednosti mastera iz književnog stvaralaštva koji je organizovala škola „La eskuela de letras” 2 u Barseloni.

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A bölcs Iuvenalis és a neolatin bukolika

Author(s): Lajos Zoltán Simon / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2016

This study analyses the bucolic poems of three humanist poets of the 15th century, Caspar Tribrachus, Baptista Mantuanus and Faustus Andrelinus, whose eclogues are characterized by both a realistic mode of depiction utterly differing from the idealized landscape of the pastoral and the influence of Roman satire. Although in the case of Mantuanus several allusions had already been noted by his contemporaneous commentator, Jodocus Badius, except for the obvious inspiration of Eclogue 5 by Juvenal, little attention has been devoted to the allusions to Persius and Juvenal by recent research. Th e analyses aims at a more thorough examination of this influence, dealing not only with the imagery and the vocabulary of the eclogues, but also with imitations of idyllic pictures from the satirists, as well as with the cases of double imitation, where the allusions to satire simultaneously parody classical passages of Vergil. Further, the important role of both Juvenal’s Umbricius and the medieval commentaries on Juvenal in the forming of Umber, the key figure in Mantuanus ’ eclogues, shall be pointed out. Finally, on the basis of the theoretical background of the two genres and their possible interrelations, it shall be argued that the satire played a decisive role in the establishment of this new variant of pastoral poetry, which is realistic in its imagery and didactic in its intention.

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A Contemporary Reading of Coriolanus

Author(s): Alen Avdic,Damir Arsenijevic / Language(s): English / Issue: 12/2014

Shakespeare’s Coriolanus projects a psychological account of a nation that is crushed under an economic crisis and stricken with both internal and external conflict. The masses of Rome are fighting the Senate internally while the external conflict between Rome and the Volscian army. Viewed from the perspective of a 21st century setting, one cannot escape the haunting feeling that Coriolanus symptomatically displays on page, on stage and on film. This paper will attempt to shed light on the manner political psychology operates within Coriolanus. This paper will focus on the issue of how situating Coriolanus in our contemporary time and age can be a fitting context for observing the unease tied to the revolt of the people. This is best seen when set against a cultural materialist analysis of the 2011 Ralph Fiennes adaptation. His portrayal of Coriolanus, a vicious Roman general, ironically finds its rightful place in our contemporary world – a world that is as plagued by war and death as it was in Coriolanus’ time. Ralph Fiennes’ directorial debut with Coriolanus (2011) situates its main character in the contemporary world and gives an astonishingly accurate account of a modern political strife. Furthermore, this paper will examine Fiennes’ focus on the issue of ‘body politics’ by examining Coriolanus as a part of ruling society of the ‘body’ of Rome. As a representative of the patrician class of Rome, Coriolanus’ prowess in battle would seem to make him an ideal hero for the masses.

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A Contrapuntal Reading of American Studies in the ‘Axis of Evil’

Author(s): Seyed Mohammad Marandi / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2008

Although interaction as well as conflict with the United States is definitely not new to Iranian politics and society, the idea of American Studies as a university degree program is surprisingly rather new in the country. The idea is only six years old and the North American Studies department itself was established at the University of Tehran in 2005.For those closely involved with the program, the last few years have been eventful to say the least. Many American and European colleagues are often surprised that there actually is an American Studies program in the country and they often assume that our main problem with the program would be with Iranian government officials or, alternatively, that the students in the program are fed with anti-American rhetoric, perhaps in accordance with the constructions of Iran predominant in the Western media. It should be noted that despite its financial restrictions, the University of Tehran has been particularly supportive towards the Institute for North American and European Studies and its North American studies program in particular. In reality the easiest part of our journey was the establishment of the department within the Institute.

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A Crack in the Shell: Reading a Few Lines from King Lear

Author(s): Tadeusz Slawek / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2016

The article takes up the theme of Agamben’s violence without a form of justice and reads Shakespeare’s tragedy as spanned between Cordelia’s “nothing” at the start of the play and Lear’s “never” at its end. It also approaches a question of the relationship between, in Rousseau’s word, “l’homme naturel” and “citoyen.” Lear’s push towards a position of being “unaccommodated” suggests a move away from the organization of life previously holding its rule over men towards a marginal, peripheral zone with uncertain rules where man has to risk his own decisions rather than merely follow the custom.

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A crimean tatar variant of the Čora Batir epic

Author(s): István Seres / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2010

Apart from the Edige epic, the story of Čora Batir is the best-known and most popular Nogay epic of Kipchak origin. Since the first publication of a version by the Russian Turcologist, I. Berezin (1862), a large number of variants, among them Nogay, Crimean and Dobrudjan Tatar, Kazak, Karakalpak, Kazan Tatar, Bashkir and Karachay-Balkar versions, have cropped up and been brought to light. An early variant of the epic was recorded by the Hungarian Turcologist, Ignác Kúnos, but it has remained in manuscript. He collected his material from Crimean Tatar informants in a Russian prisoner-of-war camp near Esztergom (Hungary) in 1915. The present work, published for the first time in print, contains the original Crimean Tatar text and its translation, supplied with an introductory study and annotations. The main value of the epic variant recorded by Kúnos lies in that its content and plot show close relationship with the earliest recorded Nogay texts.

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A Few Notes on Hannibal in Silius Italicus’s “Punica”

Author(s): Patrycja Matusiak / Language(s): English / Issue: 12/2015

The article is an attempt at studying the image of Hannibal as presented in “Punica”. The aim of the paper is to sketch a portrait of the Carthaginian in “Punica” (with the image preserved both in historiography and in poetic epithets in mind), which would be a literary realisation of historiographic matter, with variatio typical for poetry, which was extended, shortened and mixed by Silius. The following review also looks at the topic of cruelty, which was a feature attributed to Hannibal himself as well as to Carthaginians in general, and that of death – demonstrated by such actions as (not) burying the bodies of Roman consuls or utilising bodies of the dead to build a bridge.

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A Floating Homeland: (De)Constructing Canadianness from the Insider‑Outsider Perspective of Japanese‑Canadians

Author(s): Rafal Madeja / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2015

On the basis of Joy Kogawa’s “Obasan”, the main objective of this paper is to take under the scrutinizing eye how the central protagonist retrieves a selective portion of her childhood memories during the Second World War in an effort to reshape her fragmented identity as a Japanese-Canadian and to deal with the feeling of displacement. Analyzing essential memories, conversations, and stories within the plotline, the aim is to demonstrate that Naomi, in order to fight her identity crisis and feeling of displacement — due to the Japanese community’s sense of belonging in Canada being shuttered by the Canadian government — recasts her personal experiences to her own needs for the identity refashioning in-between cultures, therefore, in Homi Bhabha’s terms, giving life to a sort of “Third Space.” This paper will therefore demonstrate numerous ways in terms of which the protagonist intrudes upon iconic wilderness and rural landscapes in Canada — hitherto emptied of the indigenous and minorities and thus functioning as a sort of privileged sites of national identity — so as to transform them into heterogeneous and more inclusive spaces, breaking the binary opposition between away and home, a newcomer and native. Significantly, the protagonist’s storytelling may be distinguished by great attention to nature, botanical imagery, and landscapes shaped by experiences of displacement, and it may be argued that the novel is targeted at re-visiting traditional sites of identity construction as well as bringing into tensions historicizing and idealizing visions of the natural environment to challenge the myths of Japanese-Canadians’ identity that these sites were hitherto created to support. It brings into life a “Third Space” in the form of a personal island which will neither float to the Japanese Archipelago nor towards Canada, but it will be a separate entity including both. Hence, the dialogic relation between identity and rural and wilderness landscapes provides alternative forms of meaningful emplacement for the self — a personal “floating homeland” anchored in-between the two cultures.

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A further fragment of Old Uigur annals

Author(s): Zhang Tieshan,Peter Zieme / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2013

Here we edit a second leaf of an Old Uigur manuscript preserved in the Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage. While the leaf published in 2011 is an account of the history of the West Uigur Kingdom of Qočo, the present text refers to the early years of Buddhism as well as to the relationship between religion and state, the inner and outer sphere in Old Uigur historiography. We consider the possibility that the manuscript was a kind of World History.

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A HISTORICAL VIEW ON THE EXPORT OF AMERICAN LAWS

Author(s): Yuan Renhui / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2013

In addition to its political clout, economic strength, military reach, cultural pervasiveness, and scientific and technological advancement, American Law Export is also an important component of what constitutes America as a superpower.American Law Export (ALE) can be defined as all the systematic and/or non-systematic arrangements made and actions conducted by governmental and non-governmental American legal bodies to protect or to maximize US legal subjects’ benefits abroad in a predictable way by consciously helping or forcing the target subjects to know, to learn, to accept, to transplant, and to import from the US ideas, systems, practices, education, research, and culture in the field of law. In summary, ALE is the expansion or globalization of American law.

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