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Körmöczi János Phosphorus polgárfejedelem, avagy a világ minden papjainak bolondsága című fordításának keletkezéstörténetéhez

Author(s): Alexandra Anita Erdődi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2022

This article focuses on one of the essential circumstances of János Körmöczi’s (1763–1836) and Pál Augusztinovics’s (1763–1837) correspondence: the former asks his friend to acquire such texts (Horus…, Fürstbürger Phosphorus…, Ruins…) that were banned at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, for having ties to freemasonry. Nevertheless, Körmöczi received these works. From the authors and texts that were mentioned in the letters, this article analyzes the works of two authors: Christian Ernst Wünsch, (1744–1828), and Constantin François Volney, (1757–1820) because they focus on similar topics, such as the arguments that the roots of Chriatianity can be found in Egyptian religion, and that the laws of nature are the true and universal laws.

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CHASIDSKÉ VPLYVY V MAĎARSKEJ LITERATÚRE PO ROKU 1989

Author(s): Pavol Száz / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2023

The present study is an overview of the reception of literary Hasidism and its impact on Hungarian literature after 1989. Even at the end of the 1980s, traces of the anamnesis of the Jewish and Hasidic heritage of rural Eastern Hungary can be discerned in literature and public discourse. In fact, we can speak of the reception of literary Hasidism after the end of the fall of the regime and the tabuization of Jewish topics. Indeed, publishing the Hungarian translation of Martin Buber’s (1995) and Jiří Langer’s (2000) collection of Hasidic stories has influenced several works of fiction. Géza Röhrig’s prose poetics of his “imaginary Hasidic stories” resemble those of the magical realism, with their traditional mixture of imitation and imaginary elements. Langer and other Hasidic story collections inspired some dramatic works in the years following the millennium, notably the plays of Péter Kárpáti, Martin Boross and Szilárd Borbély. Szilárd Borbély’s case is special for our study, as he incorporates Hasidic motifs and reminiscences in several of his works, but mixes them with Christian elements, creating a specific, culturally hybrid bricolage-poetics.

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Utak és hitek

Author(s): Péter Muszatics / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 892/2024

Essay by Péter Muszatics

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Literatura non fiction nad Dunajem. Recepcja wybranych polskich utworów na Węgrzech

Author(s): László Kálmán Nagy / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

The article presents selected issues related to non-fiction literature in Hungary and the reception of some Polish works. In Hungarian culture, non-fiction literature has not gained its proper position to this day and, in a sense, it is considered a marginal work that does not have a permanent place in the national canon. It is consistently omitted in new historical and literary studies and there is a lack of continuity in the presentation of this achievement. This genre gained some notoriety and popularity in the 1930s thanks to the sociographic trend of the Hungarian prose represented by Gyula Illyés. However, since the second half of the 20th century, for example, the father of a Hungarian reportage, Árpád Pásztor, has belonged to the circle of forgotten writers, although at the beginning of the 20th century, as a correspondent of capital magazines, he sent reports from various countries of the world. Literary scholars have also forgotten about György Moldov, who died in 2022, and was considered the most famous and popular author of non-fiction literature during the period of real socialism. Many outstanding Polish non-fiction texts, e.g. Ryszard Kapuściński’s, were able to fill a certain gap in the Hungarian culture thanks to Hungarian Polish translators involved in Polish culture. The most interesting non-fiction titles from the point of view of the Hungarian culture recently include books by Andrzej Stasiuk, Ziemowit Szczerek and Krzysztof Varga.

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Egy speciális álnévtìpus: posztmodern apokrifek a kortárs magyar irodalomban

Author(s): Zoltán Németh / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2024

The subject of this paper is a particular type of literary pseudonym, the postmodern apocryphal pseudonym, which uses the name of a classical author and is exposed already at the moment of publication. The paper addresses the theoretical issues of authorship, the problematic of the author’s name, and also discusses the most important works of postmodern Hungarian literature with pseudonyms. The analysis of the works that can be classified as playful postmodern apocrypha leads to the conclusion that the type of pseudonym has a decisive influence on interpretation, and that it is, therefore, essential to distinguish the specific ways in which pseudonyms are used in the texts.

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„Az írás kiszolgáltatottság” – Interjú Vincze Ferenc íróval, irodalomtörténésszel, műfordítóval

Author(s): Zoltán Ferencz-Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 895/2024

Zoltán Ferencz-Nagy's interview with Ferenc Vincze

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The Dybbuk Speaks with the Mouth of the Living: Wartime Trauma and Strategiesof Holocaust Remembrance in Hungarian Literature Between 1949 and 1953

Author(s): Kinga Piotrowiak-Junkiert / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2023

The article deals with the subject of the Holocaust in Hungarian literature between 1949 and 1953, and in particular with the writing strategies used by the authors to describe a phenomenon that was silenced and removed from public debate. During the post-war period, when the Communists were in power in Hungary, it was forbidden to write about the war and especially about the Holocaust of the Jews; moreover, all literary texts had to be approved by the censors. Despite the strict restrictions, Hungarian writers managed to smuggle the forbidden topic into their novels. In this article, I discuss the prose of József Debreczeni, István Kamjén, and Ferenc Karinthy against the background of social and historical phenomena in Hungary.

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In the Space of Cumulative Trauma: Lessons from a Hungarian Trauma-Novel in Vojvodina

Author(s): Kornélia Faragó / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2023

In the case of deep trauma, literature is often unable to speak. In the Hungarian literature of Vojvodina, the general silence concerning the changes of empire and the reprisals describes the traumatic experience as an impulse that is impossible to put into a narrative. Nándor Burány’s book-length trauma novel, Összeroppanás (Implosion), published in 1968, looked back on the events from a quarter of a century later and for the first time thematised the task of processing transgenerational trauma. The novel’s distinctive feature is that it introduces the concept of trauma itself by asking questions about the identification of the time of the traumatic rupture. The real subject of his poetics is the way trauma works and its ineffable nature. The double vision so characteristic of trauma stories becomes here an important structural figure. In the moody world of trauma-induced thinking, the necessity and impossibility of speech at once torments the central figure of the novel. The novel is set in a space of cumulative trauma and processes trauma as a social construction based on lived experience. It also makes the point that trauma in this space cannot be located in a single inherent violent past event, but rather in a series of dates and events.

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Can Love Be Learned? On Tibor Déry’s Short Story Love

Author(s): Gábor Reichert / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The paper interprets Tibor Déry’s 1956 short story Love as a story of relearning emo¬tions. It examines the moments in the narrative of the text that reveal the continuous change in the narrator’s perception of B. In the course of the story, B. gradually re¬gains control over his senses, and in the last section of the short story, the reader follows the protagonist’s attempt to reactivate his feelings for his long-seen wife. We argue that there is a tension between the experience of emotions and their inexpress¬ibility. From this point of view, the short story does not give an optimistic picture of the future prospects of B. and his wife. Our approach can be considered unusual, since over the past decades interpreters have primarily emphasized the public-performative function of Love, with less attention paid to the sophisticated workings of the text’s narrative.

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Limbă și identitate națională dobândite prin cultură

Author(s): Laura SAJTER / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

The “language” career of Ferenc Herczeg in a nutshell is: how the German speaking boy from the Banat Swabian region (today in Romania) became the Hungarian playwright who put Hungarian drama on the path to European success. He was a committed writer of national endeavors and the creator of successful Hungarian prose and dramatic oeuvre. The subject of the research is to explain how Ferenc Herczeg’s “language program” became so successful since: “There was no other foreign speaker who learned Hungarian as well as Ferenc Herczeg” (Hegedűs). Examining the language path, research may explain the adaptation considered to be the key to success and the contribution of the author’s bilingualism to the foundation of success. In the case of Herczeg, social, cultural, and linguistic assimilation was so successful that it gave rise to countless speculations. The majority of the criticism seeks the social adaptation and reflects less on linguistic assimilation. The item to prove is that Herczeg, a German speaking boy of Swabian decent, became Hungarian because of literature-centric Hungarian culture.

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Színház és dráma a finnugor és a nyugat-európai nemzetek kulturális kapcsolatainak és a vonatkozó összehasonlító kutatásoknak a fókuszában

Author(s): Ildikó Sirató / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2023

Connections and relations in the field of theatre and theatrical texts (not only dramas, but stage works using different theatrical tools, languages and effects), have increasingly developed during the last decades. The trends, effects and cooperation forms could be considered within a national as well as in a comparative framework. How can foreign viewers “understand”, experience a performance, what happens with the cultural meaning of stage gestures? There are historical and contemporary examples of misunderstanding or missed meanings, but also for creating new contexts of meaning for a performance. What are some of the precognitions and preconceptions, expectations of the contemporary theatrical scene of Western cultures towards Finno-Ugric ones? We take examples of drama and theatrical performance of the last decades, and from Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian cultures to find any common features or typical ways to communicate with Western-European readers or theatrical audiences.

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Egy újból felfedezett Petőfi -levél az Unitárius Egyház Kolozsvári Levéltárában Petőfi Sándor születésének 200. évfordulóján

Author(s): Molnár Lehel / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2023

Those who follow cultural events and news from Hungary know that this year is dedicated to Petőfi, as the revolutionary poet was born 200 years ago, on January 1, 1823. (Just as a side note, last year was the Tamási Áron year, commemorating the 125th anniversary of the birth of the Transylvanian writer.) But where was Petőfi born? – we may ask. Even today, there is much debate surrounding this. We all learned that he was born in Kiskőrös, but until 1857, his biographies stated that he was born in Szabadszállás. However, there are also arguments suggesting that he was born in Kiskunfélegyháza.

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Rejtőzködő prédikációk: Feldolgozatlan unitárius kódexek és kiadásuk

Author(s): Borbála Lovas / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2023

For a long time, research on 16th and 17th century Unitarian sermons focused only on a very small corpus, which consisted of the best-known sermons: one printed volume, and a few manuscripts. While detailed catalogues now assist scholars in navigating the manuscript material and ongoing research reveals fascinating details regarding the sermons, their writers or copyists, the source materials, and the writing techniques, our understanding of the contemporary society and church community is still in its early stages. The History of Early Modern Unitarian Sermon Literature in Transylvania and Hungary Research Group plans to publish volumes of selected Unitarian sermons to reveal the rich corpus that remains hidden behind the shelf number or title of the codices. Through this work, examples will be used to present the problematic nature of the handwritten corpus, and new discoveries can contribute to a better understanding of the early modern preaching tradition.

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Eligazítások az Oltáriszentségről: Pázmány Kalauza és az új filológiai lehetőségek

Author(s): Ibolya Maczák / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2023

The text borrowings of the old Hungarian sermons have been researched by several scholars (György Ocskay, Andrea Hargitai). Several types of compilation techniques have been identified: omission/shortening/compression, paraphrasing/revisions, condensation/compression, accompanying explanation/interpolation, exchange of arguments, word exchange/insertion, compilation of ideas, simplifi cation, variation, omission etc. By further reflecting on these categories, it is possible to reconstruct very accurately the procedures of text production. The study examines the text borrowings of Didák Kelemen’s Sermon on the Blessed Sacrament, published in 1721, and confirms that the source is Pázmány’s Kalauz and a related Pázmány sermon. It also concludes that Kelemen’s sermon inspired other sermons in its own order, as is confirmed by textual borrowings: Márton Biró Padányi took passages not only from Pázmány, but also from Kelemen. The study also identifies the manuscripts of Pál Bernárd, who also used Pázmány’s Kalauz as a source for his sermons and whose texts may have been the source for the works of Didák Kelemen. If it can be shown that Kelemen took a significant part of his work from a manuscript by Bernárd, and this is also true of the 1721 text, then we can distinguish four stages of literal textual appropriation through the work of Pázmány, Bernárd, Kelemen and Padányi Biró.

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Adalékok a Conciones Unitariorum in Transylvania című kézirathoz

Author(s): Kamilla Deme / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2023

The manuscript registered as Conciones Unitariorum in Transylvania, dates from the late 17th century. The document, written by an unknown hand, contains Unitarian sermons which display evidence of various text composition and compilation techniques as well as sources used in their composition. This article describes these techniques and sources and discusses why the manuscript bears the name Conciones Unitariorum in Transylvania.

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Kompilációs technikákkal a szentháromság és a retorzió ellen, avagy hogyan kerülhetnénk el a pénzbüntetést, ha unitárius lelkésztanoncok volnánk 1698-ban?

Author(s): Dominika Husz / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2023

The significance of manuscript codex Ms. U. 1011 can be traced back to the Synod of Ádámos (ro: Adămuș) in 1695, which mandated that each preacher contribute a sermon to a dedicated volume. This codex is believed to be the first volume created as a result of this requirement. It contains 71 sermons by multiple authors. It served not only as a source of enlightenment for the students attending the Unitarian college of Kolozsvár between 1696 and 1698 but also for subsequent generations. The title and structure of the codex emphasize its representative nature, showcasing the collective voices of the Unitarian clergy. The compilation techniques employed in the manuscript Ms. U. 1011 can be analyzed in the context of the Unitarian clergy training and sermon writing practices of the late 17th century and offers insights not only into the training of Unitarian clergy in the late 17th century but also into the prevalent practices of programmatic sermon writing during the period. The initial sermon by István Magyarosi, a senior student at the time, showcases formal characteristics that are found in most of the volume’s sermons. The sermon by Mihály Zilahi, titled „Concio ex Matth. 28 v. 19. Euntes docete omnes gentes”, along with the manuscript as a whole, effectively embodies the uniform homiletical equirements of the time. In the absence of an independent Unitarian rhetorical system, the authors followed certain conventions including the titles, marginalia indicating the sermons’ sections, dating, and author signatures.

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„De ezek mind Unitáriusok.” Unitáriusok és hittételeik Hermányi Dienes József műveiben

Author(s): Béla Bálint / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2023

This article continues the research published in issue nr. 2022/1. József Hermányi Dienes (1699–1763), a Reformed (Calvinist) preacher from Nagyenyed, came into contact with members of the Unitarian Church and Unitarian doctrines on several occasions during his career. His best-known work, the Nagyenyedi Demokritus (Democritus of Nagyenyed), contains Unitarian-related stories. The previous study examined how József Hermányi Dienes mentioned the Transylvanian Unitarians in Nagyenyedi Demokritus, his famous collection of anecdotes. This article provides further data on the relationship between Hermányi Dienes and the Transylvanian Unitarians by examining the author’s other works, such as the Nagy Enyedi Eklésiának Papjai (Ministers of the Nagyenyed Ecclesia), his Emlékirat (Memoirs) and his two manuscript volumes of sermons. These texts contain several mentions of Unitarians, their beliefs and the Calvinist interpretation of these beliefs. Hermányi Dienes enjoys narrating his father’s and grandfather’s controversies against Unitarians and he also argues with the Unitarian beliefs in his own sermons. The article presents references to Unitarians and Unitarian-related citations in Hermányi’s texts.

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Agh István Nagy Frigyest olvassa

Author(s): Mihály Balázs / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2023

István Agh (1709–1786), Unitarian bishop (1758–1786), translated into Latin a chapter of the Memoires pour servir a l’histoire de la maison de Brandenbourg, by the Prussian king Frederick the Great (1712–1786). Published in French in 1751, this work is an almost provocatively secular summary of Frederick’s country and dynasty. Agh and Frederick came from very different worlds. The monarch was a member of the Masonic community. He admired and corrresponded with Voltaire (1694–1778), and invited Voltaire to be a member of his household. The chapter Agh chose to translate covers the eras of paganism, catholicism, and the Reformation. Agh presented a clear and comprehensible Latin text to his readers. In a few cases he omitted partial sentences or substituted a paragraph. Two things might explain Agh’s special interest in translating the text: Frederick’s strong condemnation of medieval Catholicism, and his treatise on tolerance.

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„Azok a dús tartalmu levelezések […] méltók volnának megörökitésre.” Kiss Mihály életpályája és hagyatékának hiányzó részei .

Author(s): Anna Szakál / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1-2/2024

Mihály Kiss (1809, Torda/Turda – 1889, Árkos/Arcuş), was a Unitarian minister in Árkos and the Háromszék district’s Dean. This article presents his life path and career, and his role in the collection of folk poetry based on reminiscences published in periodicals and his surviving personal papers. As a close friend of Unitarian priest and bishop János Kriza (1811–1875), Kiss participated in collecting folk poetry. As a result of his and other collectors’ effective contributions, mainly those of Unitarian ministers and school teachers, the first regional folklore collection was published in 1863 under the title Vadrózsák (Wild Roses).

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Priszkosz rétor történeti művének recepciója Gárdonyi Géza Láthatatlan ember című regényében. I. rész: a követség fogadtatása és az összeesküvés

Author(s): György Papp / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2024

This article is the first of two which examines how the Hungarian writer Géza Gárdonyi (1863–1922) integrated surviving fragments of the historical work by Priscus of Panium (?–472?), the diplomat, historian and rhetorician, into his novel Slave of the Huns (the Hungarian title: A láthatatlan ember/The Invisible Man). This article focuses on the depiction of the diplomatic mission and the plotting and subsequent exposure of a conspiracy against Attila the Hun (c. 406–453). The second article will address the portrayal of prominent individuals and the elaborate diplomatic banquets. This article’s introductory section provides a brief overview of Priscus’ life and historical writings, and identifies editions of Priscus’s history that might have been accessible to Gárdonyi. While it is uncertain which editions Gárdonyi relied on to acquaint himself with Priscus’ fragments, it is evident that he had a thorough knowledge of them. A parallel reading of his novel and Priscus’ fragments clearly reveals that Gárdonyi incorporated these fragments into his work, remaining as faithful as possible to the historical data while enlivening the historian’s sparse records with the freedom of literary creativity.

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