THE DICHOTOMY IMPLICIT / EXPLICIT LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING

Author(s): Mariana Gotseva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The article looks into the dichotomy implicit/explicit learning and knowledge in the context of learning English as a second or foreign language, strongly influenced by the findings of experimental and cognitive psychology studies. The dichotomy originated in cognitive psychology, which differentiates between implicit and explicit learning and treats them as distinct processes, related to separate memory systems. Human beings do certain things, such as walking or making simple utterances in their mother tongue, with little insight into the nature of the processes involved, i.e. they are learned implicitly, just like birds learn to fly. Other abilities, such as calculating, playing chess or using a computer, depend on knowing how to do them, i.e. they are learned explicitly. Both cognitive psychology and language learning studies have been trying to work out what aspects of L2 can be learned implicitly and what mechanisms of explicit learning are available to learners. Second Language Acquisition (SLA) researchers, in their turn, have focused on the identification of the processes involved in the two types of learning, the ways in which they could be manipulated through instruction, and the type of knowledge resulting from these processes. The article also reviews how the dichotomy has been treated and interpreted by various fields of study, in an attempt to clarify its meaning and application to research in second language acquisition.

Наречието в „Словарь болгарскаго языка по памятникамъ народной словесности и произведенiямъ новѣйшей печати“ на Александър Дювернуа

Author(s): Angelina Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

The article analyses the adverb in the first Bulgarian dictionary – „Slovary bolagrskogo yazika…“ (1885 – 1889) by the russian scientist Alexander Duvernois. For this purpose are used descriptive, comparative-historical and statistical methods. Article, focused on the adverb, is presented – key word, grammatical qualifier (notes), explanatory part and illustrations. Adverbs in the dictionary are classified according to their construction (simple, сompound, derivational) and origin (from adjectives, nouns, verbs, numerals). Different types of pronominal adverbs (interrogative, relative, indefinite, negative, summary and demonstrative) are reviewed.

Идеите на Пражкия функционален структурализъм в трудовете на проф. А. В. Бондарко и проф. И. Куцаров

Author(s): Stiliyan Stoychev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

One of the leading methodological linguistic trends of the past 20th century is undisputedly linguistic structuralism. The Prague school, also known as the Prague linguistic circle, is one of the first structuralist linguistic schools, being properly defined as functionalist in its essence. Representatives of the Prague school from its classic period (1926 – 1945) and their disciples in the late 20th century give their invaluable contribution to worldwide development of linguistics. The text examines those key concepts of Prague functional structuralism that substantially contributed to the formation and development of functional grammar as we know it in the works of A. V. Bondarko and I. Kutsarov. First, it is R. Jakobson’s concept of binarism, also known as the theory of markedness, that plays a key role in the development of modern linguistics, underlying the morphological concepts of A. V. Bondarko and I. Kutsarov that represent the relations between grammemes of morphological categories through morphological oppositions. Second, the Prague structuralists developed the functional approach to linguistic phenomena and the theory of centre and periphery in language. Both are uniquely elaborated in Bondarko’s functional theory of semantic fields underlying his theory of functional grammar. The latter was not only promoted but also successfully implemented by I. Kutsarov in Bulgaria. And last but not least, much like the Prague linguistic circle, A. V. Bondarko, I. Kutsarov and their disciples evaluate the theoretical significance of synchronic and contrastive studies. Functional grammar, which is to meet many more scientific challenges in the future, undisputedly applies to the study of a particular language as well as to contrastive studies.

Децата знаят и разбират повече, отколкото могат да кажат (интервю с проф. Мила Вълчанова)

Author(s): Maya Padeshka / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

Eзиковата ситуация в България и обучението по български език

Author(s): Svetla Koeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The paper briefly presents the language situation in Bulgaria and the distribution of different languages ​​on the territory of the country. The ways in which children learn first and second language ​​are discussed, and the advantages of early age simultaneously learning of two languages ​​is advocated. Further, the paper presents the influence of the media and the Internet for Bulgarian language acquisition. Finally, the role of education for the absorption of the Bulgarian language is presented.

Диагностика на знанията и уменията на учениците в XII клас върху стихотворението „Вяра“ от Никола Вапцаров

Author(s): Zaprina Glushkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

This article features on the experience of the teacher to change the perspective of teaching and studying the poetry of Vaptsarov – often stylistically marked with high rhetoric; even the most exalted phrases are referring to the internal flow of thoughts about the human being, his values, life, art, love and faith.

Знаки российской культурной идентичности в слоганах коммерческой рек­ламы

Author(s): Tatiana Romanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2018

The article deals with the texts of Russian commercial advertising slogans that express association with the concept of “RUSSIA” by including ethno-specific components of verbal nature. In texts of the slogans, signs of Russian identity that mark the cultural space of Russia are revealed, representing the advertising stimulus for the recipient. Such verbal ways of expressing Russian national and cultural identity as ethno-specific trademarks are analyzed, as well as ethnonyms and ethnotoponyms, descriptive nominations and paraphrases, toponyms, precedent statements and words denoting national and cultural values and stereotypes, rhyme in slogans, and other techniques of ethno-specific advertising. The semiotic analysis that has been carried out in the article is relevant for studying characteristics of the language of modern Russian advertising. The study of slogans, including Russian ethno-specific components, allows us to draw conclusions about the set of auto-stereotyped ideas of Russians about their country.

Калинка на уроке русского языка

Author(s): Nadya Cherneva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2018

The paper presents an example of using song and dance as an efficient approach to both linguistic and sociocultural competences. The focus is put on the ways of exploring the precedentаl text Kalinka. The case is considered as one of the main means of linguоcultural orientation in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The necessity to study such cases is defined by its active use and presence of cultural component determining the valuable priorities of Russian world view.

Мобильные приложения для изучения РКИ

Author(s): Denis Bukin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2018

The article describes the functionality of the most popular smartphone applications for studying Russian as foreign language. In addition is motivated the need to use such programs for self-learning or as a teacher assistant.

Interferența paradigmei și modelului de învățare pentru formarea competențelor de comprehensiune

Author(s): Marcel Bâlici,Nadejda Bâlici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

The research tries to highlight the confluences between the constructivist paradigm of the learning process cantered on construction/ deconstruction and the reconstruction of the mental representations with the help of the cognitive components, as well as the learning model based on the ACISSI conceptual structure. The terminological delineation of the ACISSI acronym (algorithms for configuration and integration/ insertion of stratified structures of learning/ understanding) will be clarified from the perspective of the application of the concept of system of contents, through a strategic didactical architecture to the symbiosis created by the integrative vision: learning paradigm/ learning model/ valorisation of the formative attributes of the content systems, starting from the ACISSI concept and highlighting the role of motivational blocks in coherence with the principles and criteria for the application of the methodological set. At the same time, the paper will clarify the aspects related to the use of other types of texts than the colloquial/ functional, artistic and the criteria for the selection and adaptation of these texts. A key element of this research is represented by the description of the model circumscribed to the track of the comprehension competence, from the perspective of the stages of the learning units: acquisition – development of a basis of cognitive components, at the level of exploration of the knowledge resources.; Introspection – acquisition of the different aspects of knowledge; Modification – overall vision on the studied resources, and themed elaboration of a cognitive project; Presentation of the results – integration of the learning model in the community reality.

Рецензия на книгата на: Стефка Петкова-Калева „Феноменология на празното в езика и речта (върху материал от българския и руския език). Избрани трудове.“ Шумен: УИ „Епископ Константин Преславски“, 2024. 177 с.

Author(s): Velka Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

In memoriam Стефка Янчева Петкова-Калева (1961-2023)

Author(s): Irena Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

Виртуалният дискурс – проекция на реалната комуникация

Author(s): Diyana Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Virtual discourse is a new stage of modern communication. This publication examines the specifics of communication in the context of the changing communication space. The specifics of virtual communication stand out against the background of the real one, different aspects of virtual discourse are highlighted. Some positives and negatives are revealed, as well as the correlation between virtual and real communication.

Рецензия на монография: Николова Д. Г. „Лингвокультурный аспект современной компьютерной термино-логии (на материале русского и болгарского языков)“

Author(s): Stefana Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

IN MEMORIAM Валентина Аврамова (1944–2024)

Author(s): Tatyana Terzieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Маргинализираният друг в три куиър романа от славянските литератури през новото хилядолетие

Author(s): Nedyalko Zhelev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The paper provides an analysis of prominent Slavic gender literary works from the past two decades, with the focus being on the portrayal of marginalized individuals who experience discrimination. It explores how representatives of this marginalized subculture strive for societal acceptance and the challenges they encounter during the journey of recognition and embracing their unique identities. Furthermore, the text investigates the prevailing attitudes toward LGBTQ+ individuals within the Slavic cultural context. Its objective is to identify commonalities in plot structures and conflict scenarios found in these literary works.

KAKO TVITUJU CRNOGORSKI POLITIČARI KRITIČKA ANALIZA DISKURSA TVITOVA TOKOM PRVIH STO DANA 44. VLADE CRNE GORE

Author(s): Sonja Špadijer,Sabina Osmanović,Nemanja Stankov,Jasmina Nikčević / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 2/2024

This research analyzes the political discourse of tweets made by Montenegrin politicians on the platform www.X.com (formerly Twitter). Given that one of the most prominent political topics during the first 100 days of the 44th Government of Montenegro was EU integration, this study seeks to interpret the views and beliefs of politicians on the subject through a critical discourse analysis of their tweets. The corpus consists of tweets published by Montenegrin political leaders during this period, from October 31, 2023, to January 31, 2024. Since tweets are a more concise form of political communication compared to interviews or speeches, this research explores whether the discourse of tweets differs from other political genres and how these differences manifest. Alternatively, it considers whether tweets still contain the essential elements that characterize traditional political discourse. Preliminary results from both quantitative and qualitative analyses at the microtextual level indicate a significant tendency toward linguistic economy in tweets, reflected in lexical and syntactic features such as the frequent use of verbal nouns and catchphrases. Regarding discourse modality, notable differences are observed in the degree of commitment expressed by the speaker or writer. At the macrotextual level, rhetorical figures and argumentative macrostrategies, commonly found in other forms of political discourse, are also present in tweets. Pragmatic elements, such as speech acts, implicatures, and presuppositions, are similarly evident.

Średniowieczny dokument jako znak i przedmiot oglądu w przestrzeni publicznej. Garść uwag o semiotyce dyplomatycznej, percepcji wizualnej i granicach nauk pomocniczych historii

Author(s): Anna Adamska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2024

The article analyzes the functioning of a document as an object (artefact) in medieval Europe, against the broad background of changes in the paradigm of research on medieval writing culture, which assumes a multitude of forms of contact with writing, including its perception as a system of signs that could be viewed rather than “read” in the modern sense.The physical aspects of the document, including its writing material, text layout on the page, graphic symbols and objects attached to the document, constitute an issue that goes beyond the boundaries of traditional diplomatics. It encourages researchers to engage in a more intensive dialogue with experts in other auxiliary sciences, primarily with experts in epigraphy, because a large number of documents were produced on hard material, and also in sphragistics, due to the close interaction between the document and the seal in the process of communicating by sight and touch. The article discusses the occasional presence of a document in public space – as an element of the rituals of power, shown at the request of its issuer or recipient, or as an object of viewing in the practice of examining its authenticity – as well as its permanent presence in the form of a text “exposed” in a stone or as a fresco (charta lapidaria). In all situations in question, the specialized or very general knowledge of viewers determined whether and to what an extent they were able to “read” the information encoded in the format and material of the document, in graphic signs, illuminations, and seals.

Gmerk – znak własnościowy czy tożsamości mieszczan? O pewnych niekonsekwencjach polskiej terminologii heraldycznej

Author(s): Marcin Starzyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2024

The author of the present study traces the way the signs used by city dwellers have been defined in Polish historiography so far. Taking the capital city of Krakow as an example, he showed that, like in Prussian centres, they used both gmerk house marks (i.e. bar identification signs) and bourgeois coats of arms (made up of a coat of arms and a shield, where heraldic figures in the strict sense of the word, but also bar signs, were used in parallel). The division outlined in this way allows us to assign the status of a coat of arms to a composition consisting of a coat of arms and a shield. The author also confirmed that the adoption of this graphic pattern (emblem + shield) by the townspeople was the result of their influence and observation of certain products of knightly culture. Moreover, both (knights’ coats of arms) and the other (burghers’ coats of arms) were intended to identify in the first place. In the case of noble coats of arms, at least in Poland, they have become a visual symbol of belonging to a particularly privileged class. So they spoke, as if for the owners, about their legal status. And although they were undoubtedly also used among the townspeople (as the result of some imitation), they did not duplicate all the functions of the nobility coat of arms, and, above all, they did not build the bourgeois (estate) identity.

PRAGMATICS IN FOOD ADVERTISING

Author(s): Andreea DINU / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

Pragmatics has a very important role in understanding how advertising texts communicate and persuade beyond explicit messages. This paper investigates the frequently used strategies in food advertisements to influence the consumer's behavior and fasten decision-making processes. Through a qualitative approach, the current paper analyzes a diverse corpus of digital media food advertising texts. Implicature, presupposition, deixis, speech acts, and relevance are identified and analyzed by highlighting how these strategies create emotional responses, reinforce cultural values, and establish common assumptions between advertisers and consumers.This research proves that implicature is generally used in suggesting benefits and qualities that are not directly stated; presuppositions deepen the assumption about the health advantages or the quality offered by a product without claiming it. Deictic expressions and speech acts create personal relevance and psychological closeness through commands and invitations. Relevance theory shows how advertisers optimize the communicative impact. The study contributes to pragmatics, advertising, and consumer behavior by explaining how pragmatic strategies operate as powerful tools.