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SCIENTIFIC SECURITY AND THE BACKBONE OF THE FUTURE ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES

Author(s): Iulian Chifu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Scientific security enters the forefront of the debates related to the evolution of security and military in the future. In that respect, the backbone of the Romanian Armed Forces should move more to fields of scientific research and technological achievements with direct applications and, maybe, a proper scientific and strategic tool at the disposal of the Chief of defense. The most important fields of research should come from strategic studies, prospective studies, new technologies and their impact, applied military and security sociology, as well asInformational Warfare and impact studies.

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FUNCTIONS AND PRINCIPLES OF ENSURING THE SECURITY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF CYBER THREATS

Author(s): Lucian Scirtocea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Considering the NATO and EU membership and in the context of new cyber threats, ensuring the security of information and communication systems has become a priority for both public institutions, private companies and the Romanian Army. In this article, the aim is to present the main functions and principles of ensuring the security of information and communication systems in the context of the evolution of the IT @ C field.

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ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE, TOOL FOR OPTIMIZING THE MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION IN ELECTRONIC FORMAT

Author(s): Lucian Scirtocea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The development of the IT & C field produces changes in the way of organizing and functioning of all civilian organizations as well as for those in the military field. The way of managing information in electronic format is a concern of specialists in both military and civilian fields in terms of optimizing the process of managing information in electronic format due to the large volume of files and documents currently operated.

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FROM FAKE NEWS TO REAL NEWS WITH A TWIST: DISINFORMATION AND COVID-19 NARRATIVES

Author(s): Iulia Anghel / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Given the major shift in perception, communication and identity triggered by the pandemic over the last two years, the use of digital tools to guide patterns of association, mobilization and action seems more powerful than ever. Although Fake News has been making headlines since the early days of globalization, its later developments revealed interesting conjectures on topics such as the rise of non-state hegemons, the ascent of digital diasporas, deterritorialization, or post-politics. In this context, the distances between fake news and reality tend to be blurred by the intervention of interpretive bias, while the role of public’s beliefs, latent iconography and power mythology becomes more critical. Following this argument, the paper looks at some of the emerging trends in fake news and master narratives in digital media, also tackling the implications triggered by their potential use in the context of hybrid confrontation.

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NATIONAL LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL DIPLOMACY MECHANISMS AND FUNCTIONS BASED ON EU EXPERIENCE

Author(s): Victor Adrian VEVERA / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As information and communication technology has developed, its impact has been felt in many areas, including international relations. In the diplomatic field, changes have not been long in coming, while many European countries pioneering the use of the online environment to promote national interests and achieve foreign policy objectives. In this paper, we aim to highlight the main benefits of developing the field of digital diplomacy, the biases that the process has generated and to argue the urgent need to implement these technologies in Romania, based on existing experience in various EU countries.

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THE CONCEPT OF MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS AND ITS MULTINATIONAL UNDERSTANDING

Author(s): Crăişor Constantin IONIȚĂ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The international competition on emerging technologies rises a new and very dangerous threat for global and regional security because of the easy access to the procurement of very high-tech and sensitive defence material. The race for who will control some domains from the future operating environment is between the United States, Russia and China, but several other state and non-state actors have reconsidered their high-tech strategies, already. It is about India, Iran, Japan, Israel and the European Union as a whole, as well as transnational terrorist and organised crime organisations or multinational companies. At the same time, the last technological developments have created a huge discrepancy in the Resolution in Military Affairs (RMA), especially because of letting far behind doctrines and the organisation of military structures for combat. This anacronism is evolving with the intent of gradually replacing regular fighters and current formations in the modern battlefield with robots/androids and joint human-machines teams. As a result, it has become imperative to develop new concepts/strategies for future conflicts that brings together all elements of advanced technologies and coordinates their joint actions on any potential adversary, in order to achieve a total and quick victory. This material will analyse the US Army’s concept of Multidimensional Operatios and how it is understood at the Allied level.

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THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON WARFARE

Author(s): Cătălin BALMUȘ,Ioan CRAMAR,Andreea-Alexandra CRAMAR / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Over human history, war has been documented since people tend to conflict over territories and control of resources. Over centuries, was became an integral element in demonstrating strength and power among states and plays a significant role in the international system. The paper looks into the impact of technology on warfare by focusing on elements like autonomous vehicles, ethical conflicts posed by autonomous vehicles, the proliferation of war and human suffering, and stealth technology and aerial combat. Technology plays a significant role in modern warfare due to new approaches to making, moving, and concealing military equipment. In addition to improvements in weaponry, technology has played another important role, forcing the military leadership to develop new tactics, techniques, and procedures to be able to reduce or negate the advantages of intelligent weapons. There has also been the proliferation of war and displacement of people. Cyberwars and aerial combat have taken a new shape where the latter uses stealth technology to avoid detection and launch surprise attacks on enemies. The advent of stealth technology, as well as sophisticated guidance capabilities, has helped reducing collateral damage, nevertheless, it has also led to more human suffering, as shown by nuclear weapons, autonomous vehicles, and deadlier arsenal.

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THE IMPACT OF AI ON NATO MEMBER STATES’ STRATEGIC THINKING

Author(s): Alex ETL / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into military capabilities creates various challenges for NATO. Since AI will impact the full spectrum of military capabilities, different militaries will have various reactions for these challenges. This article asks how might these reactions impact NATO member states’ strategic thinking around AI? To answer this question the article analyzes member state-specific data published by the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Center of Excellence (CCDCOE) and cross referencing it with specific operator countries. On the strategic level, the article compares the United States’ and France’s AI defensive strategies, highlighting their similarities and differences with regards to their assessments on the strategic environment; emerging threats; as well as objectives and capabilities. The analysis shows diverging development paths among NATO members, thus pointing towards the emergence of different AI-enabled technology clusters in the alliance. The integration of AI-enabled systems into allied military forces shows not only striking disparities but a deep level of fragmentation. The article also identifies a new form of capability gap among those member states, which have more capabilities. In this context, policies pursued by AI great powers are deepening intra-alliance fragmentations, while AI middle powers, like Poland or the Netherlands, are becoming more interoperable with other member states.

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TRANSFORMATIONS DETERMINED BY THE EMERGENCE OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MILITARY FIELD

Author(s): Silviu-Iulian GIMIGA,Cristian STANCIU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Rivalries between the great powers of the world have always been the main cause of the outbreak of world wars. Industrial-technological revolutions have constantly influenced the life of society and implicitly the military power of each nation. The emergence of new military technologies determines radical and complex changes in the structure, principles and fighting methods used in the Romanian Army. New technologies have been, are and will be the key to maintaining the Romanian Army in international military structures as well as the basis for the gradual development of its own military industry. The investments in high technologies, national infrastructure but also in National Defense domain can be the engine of economical growth of our country and by consequence, increasing global credibility upon Romania`s capabilities. The evolution of the informational domain convinced us that always the operational environment is constantly changing, which determines the adaptation of military technologies based on scientific discoveries and everyday realities. Technological superiority represented by artificial intelligence, quantum physics, 5 G technology, can be used as a Trojan horse to act violently on a military power that does not keep up with the development of technology. Technological progress means life improvement, but it can also bring new challenges or problems. Therefore, political goals must support the country`s national defense strategy to limit and overcome potential enemies.

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TRANSHUMANISM, EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT OF THE FUTURE

Author(s): Alba-Iulia Catrinel POPESCU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Half a century ago, the idea of biological perfection of the human race through genetic manipulation or the creation of human-machine hybrids was automatically labelled as a dangerous fable, reminiscent of the Nazi ideology of Super - Man. Today, after several decades of research into transhumanism, the question is no longer ‘if' the supermen will become a reality, but 'when' and 'how' hybrid humans will look like. It is therefore only a matter of time before the supremacy of man born of the random play of genes will be overthrown by “hybrid man”, “improved man”, “superman”. A “superman” in symbiosis with artificial intelligence. What might the world look like, then? Will it still be structured according to the same criteria of power? What could be the security impact of the emergence of cyborgs capable of processing information in billionths of a second? This article aims to bring research into transhumanism and emerging technologies to the fore and to examine the potential impact of their materialization on the international security environment.

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THE FUTURE OF SMART CITIES

Author(s): Cosmina STALIDI,Ana-Maria TUDOR,Gabriela BUCUR,George Suciu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

IoT, big data analytics, and machine learning advancements have made the concept of a smart city a reality. The goal of a smart city, as we all know, is to give efficient answers to its residents using modern technology and data analytics collected by sensors. The idea of a smart city was something SF for many people in the 20th century, that was anyway pictured just in the popular media. Cities are becoming smarter not just in terms of how we can automate regular operations for individual people, buildings, and traffic systems, but also in terms of how we can monitor, comprehend, analyze, and design the city in real time to increase efficiency, equity, and quality of life for its population. A smart city goes beyond utilizing digital technology to improve resource efficiency and reduce pollution. It entails improved urban transportation networks, updated water and waste disposal facilities, and more energy-efficient lighting and heating systems. It also entails a more involved and responsive local government, safer public areas, and addressing the needs of older people. In this paper we will approach the actual smart city, what is it today; how they developed in recent years, the domains where is implemented (traffic management, healthcare, and public safety for example) and the future of smart cities in the whole world.

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Innovation in the Financial Sector (FinTech): Paradigms, Causes, Effects and Perspectives

Author(s): Ruxandra RÎMNICEANU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The changes and evolution of the international and domestic financial-banking system, in the context of globalization, after the financial crisis of 2008, determined the emergence of global, virtual banks, megabanks, financial groups that use disruptive technologies and technological innovations. The first FinTech Action Plan (technology-based innovation in the field of financial services or financial technological innovations) of the European Union mark, as well, the first step circumscribed to the EU Digital Finance Strategy, in order to allow the expansion of innovative business models, but without forgetting to strengthen cyber security and to increase the degree of integrity of the financial system. In this context, however, it is important to take into account the variety of the institutions and the technologies in the countries participating in the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), because the FinTech banks capture the different activities of the credit institutions in different jurisdictions to be closer to the customers and the investors and, in the same time, to expand the area of supervision of the problems related to the emergence of FinTech, because they exceed a sector of the economy or a geographical area and involves multiple financial-banking supervisory and regulatory institutions, belonging to various sectors.

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Smart Email Security Assistant

Author(s): Cristian PASCARIU,Ioan BACIVAROV / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

With security incidents and breaches growing each year, email is still used as the major entry point to server malicious content that results in credential theft or malware infections enabling malicious threat actors to mount complex attacks. This paper is intended to document a new approach for detecting suspicious and malicious emails leveraging techniques such as security analytics, natural language processing to discover the intent of the email, as well as artificial neural networks to support more complex rules for classification. This solution can be used in a basic mode to flag which emails are safe and which are not, at the same time it can also be used by security analysts to gain a better understanding of the attack vectors and speed up the investigation process.

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Protecting Your E-Commerce Business. Analysis on Cyber Security Threats

Author(s): Georgiana ANDREIANU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper aims to gather complete information needed for a retailer running an e-commerce website, with the intention of presenting some of the most common cyber security threats, such as malware, ransomware, SQL injection, and phishing, as well as ways to prevent them from happening and ways to manage the aftermath of a full-scale attack being carried out. Some best practices will be noted as a process that should always be considered when setting up an e-commerce business, and a risk management strategy will be outlined. An analysis will be performed on a data breach with one of the biggest number of victims in the last decade, which affected the Microsoft Exchange Servers.

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Financing Terrorism: Economy's Dark Side

Author(s): Andreea-Mădălina VÂRTEI / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the hidden depths of covert operations and clandestine dealings, the sinew of currency entwines in a sinister ballet, fueling the malevolent fires of terrorism, bestowing upon it the means to unleash havoc and anguish upon unsuspecting souls. Within the intricate web of the global economy, the haunting specter of terrorist financing looms large, its tendrils entangling a labyrinthine network of cartels funding jihadist endeavors, all entwined within the ideological struggle between material wealth and religious fervor. The aim of this study is to delve into the intricate layers of terrorist financing. The first layer involves conducting a literature review focusing on the 2000s, providing insights into the subject. Moving on to the second layer, a behavioral analysis of terrorist financiers is presented, highlighting the formation of alliances between terrorists and financiers. The third layer examines the utilization of advanced technology and intelligent materials in combating the issue of terrorist financing. Finally, the research concludes with an overview of the challenges posed by the influence of the black economy in a globalized world.

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ВРЪЗКА И ЗАВИСИМОСТ МЕЖДУ СИНИЯ РАСТЕЖ И ИНОВАЦИОННАТА АКТИВНОСТ НА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯТА ОТ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКАТА ИНДУСТРИЯ В РЕГИОН ЮЖНО ЧЕРНОМОРИЕ

Author(s): Valentina Marenova,Zlatina Karadjova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

„Innovation is an economic phenomenon." According to Schumpeter's economic theory, economic development is due to innovation in a dynamic environment, where old markets are destroyed and replaced by new ones - the so-called creative destruction. The object of the study in this report are enterprises in the tourism sector with a subject of activity in the Southern Black Sea region. Subject of the research - the relation "innovation - blue growth“ in the tourism industry. The main purpose of the study is to conduct a survey to summarize the opportunities for innovation in enterprises applicable in the tourism sector, whether they lead to increased competitiveness, whether companies generate higher profits after the introduction of innovations, whether the number of their employees, what investments they use to realize the innovations. The survey is specialized and therefore the representative sample includes opinions of managers from the highest management level - 67 representatives of the tourism business in the period June 2017 to January 2019. The topic of innovation in tourism will be increasingly developed and will arouse increasing interest, given the dynamic development of the sector and technology.

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THE CHALLENGES OF ONLINE LEARNING ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCIPLINES

Author(s): Nadya Velinova Sokolova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The current challenges facing traditional colleges and universities — including higher tuition, budget cuts, and course shortages — cause many students to search for alternatives. Online education offers many benefits and advantages while still providing programs and courses of high quality. All levels of certificates and degrees are available online. Here, you can learn about some of the positives to pursuing an online education. Some of the advantages to online learning include course material accessibility, flexible scheduling, more academic options, and the opportunity to build valuable skills.This paper is presents the challenges of online learning on the accounting and finance disciplines.

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ОПРЕДЕЛЯНЕ СТЕПЕНТА НА РИСКА ОТ ГОРСКИ ПОЖАРИ НА ТЕРИТОРИЯТА НА СТРАНАТА

Author(s): Radostin Dolchinkov,Ivan Popov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Forest fires have a negative impact on the economic, social and environmental condition of individual countries and entire geographical areas. To solve these problems, significant human, financial, material and scientific resources are allocated, the existing concepts and methodological approaches in determining the risk of forest fires are analyzed.

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FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE QUALITY

Author(s): Elena Cigu Rusu,Mihaela Onofrei,Anca Florentina Vatamanu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Officially, European states has been implementing local autonomy and fiscal decentralization policies since 1985, based on European Charter of Local Autonomy. Thus, the local public authorities were asked to assume the status of autonomous authorities, which implies the assumption of the democratic principles, among which we invoke the principles of local autonomy, decentralization and subsidiarity. Local public authorities are considered by central authorities as important partners in the management of competences and in the development of public policies. In this context, the paper aim is to show that local governments under fiscal decentralization operate in an increasingly open and receptive manner by developing increasingly robust governance mechanisms that facilitate the development and improvement of living standards.

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HOW HAS THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC CHANGED THE RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION GAME IN THE IT INDUSTRY? A ROMANIAN PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Ruxandra Ciulu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

For many years, the IT industry has been quite globalized, as companies started looking for talent outside of their national borders and specialists were willing to relocate in order to get interesting jobs. The restrictions in place during the COVID-19 pandemic took the IT industry to a completely new level of globalization, as it became a full work from home exercise that lasted, depending on the country, from a few months to two years. This brought along both challenges and opportunities for candidates and for companies in the world of IT. From the perspective of developing countries that play an important role in software development, Romania included, there are important effects that generated changes in the preferences of the local workforce and drove salary levels up, close to those in Western Europe. The current exploratory study aims at identifying the perspective of IT recruitment companies in Romania on the changes that occurred on the market since March 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic started.

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