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Vas strunjit în lemn (urnă de vot) din proprietatea primarului Josef Gull (1820–1899),
aflat în colecția Muzeului de Istorie Sighișoara

Vas strunjit în lemn (urnă de vot) din proprietatea primarului Josef Gull (1820–1899), aflat în colecția Muzeului de Istorie Sighișoara

Author(s): Nicolae Teșculă / Language(s): Romanian,German Issue: 38/2024

Die Geschichte Schäßburgs ist seit Jahrhunderten mit Leben und Schaffen der Zunfthandwerker verbunden. Die Zünfte waren diejenigen, welche Maßstäbe des wirtschaftlichen, sozialen, militärischen und politischen Lebens setzten. Der Wohlstand der gesamten Stadt hing von der Entwicklung des Handwerks ab. Die Auflösung der Handwerkszünfte im Jahr 1872, führteschließlich dazu, dass das Museum deren Güter durch Spenden übernahm. So kam eine Reihe von handwerklichen Artikeln hinzu, die sich durch ihre Qualität und ihre außergewöhnliche Form auszeichnen, welche uns diese - ohne Zurückhaltung - in die Kategorie der Kunstwerke einordnen lässt. So auch bei einem gedrechselten Holzgefäß mit der Inventarnummer 514. Dieses Gefäß hat eine Höhe von 38 Zentimetern, der Durchmesser der Vase beträgt 13 Zentimeter und an ihrer Öffnung 9,5 Zentimeter. Sie hat auch einen Holzgriff, der aus dem gleichen Material ausgehöhlt wurde. Der Deckel fehlt. Außen ist sie schwarz lackiert und mit einem Emblem bemalt, das ein Schild über dem sich eine Krone befindet darstellt. Auf der Verzierung ist auch die Jahreszahl 1744 erkennbar. Aus dem von Julius Misselbacher erstellten Aktenblatt geht hervor, dass sie dem Bürgermeister der Stadt Josef Gull gehörte. Das Gefäß ist aus Holz gedrechselt und war vermutlich eine Wahlurne der Glockengießerzunft.Die Anwesenheit der auf das Drechseln spezialisierten Handwerker in Sighișoara zeigt, dass sie die notwendigen Techniken des Drechselns von Holz in Europa kannten. Die Kunstfertigkeit,mit der dieses Gefäß ausgeführt wurde, zeugt von der tiefen Kenntnis des Handwerks der Holzdreher, welche ihre Berufserfahrungen durch Reisen als Lehrburschen auf dem europäischenKontinent vertieften. Nicht zuletzt, kannte der Besitzer dieses Gefäßes die Moderichtung der Zeitund wollte sein Haus so ausstatten, wie es auch seine Zeitgenossen aus dem Westen des Kontinents eingerichteten, wobei die künstlerische Genauigkeit, mit der er dieses tat, zu der Vervollständigung unseres Bildes von der Privatsphäre und den damaligen Denkweisen beitrug.

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Driving Success: Unveiling Key Trends in Employee Training and Competency Development within the Automotive Industry

Driving Success: Unveiling Key Trends in Employee Training and Competency Development within the Automotive Industry

Author(s): Hana Trávníčková,Vasilii Ostin,Anastasiia Mazurchenko / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

Trends such as advances in digital technologies and diversity in talent management necessitate continuous learning in the workplace and make European employers think about what competencies of their employees, in addition to basic digital competencies, are most in demand both today and in the foreseeable future. Considering this, identifying the main trends in employee training and development in the automotive industry in Central Europe and their impact on current and future competency profiles becomes the main purpose of this article. Both primary and secondary data have been analysed. The qualitative methodology in this article is based on the processing of the primary data from eight semi-structured interviews conducted from June to October 2023 with human resource managers and learning and development managers of selected Czech companies related to the automotive sector. An essential secondary data source was Eurostat’s Continuous Vocational Training Survey on employee training and development within European countries in 2020 among 113,000 businesses. The findings in this article demonstrate that digital competency and soft skills are currently the most important competencies for employee development within the automotive sector in Central Europe. Implications for Central European audience: The results presented in this article emphasise the importance of adapting actual employee training and development programmes to technology trends influencing the automotive industry. It has been proven that employees’ soft competencies are preferable today and will be in great demand in the next three years. This is because soft skills support the successful implementation of change and improve the competitiveness of the business in the long term, and both education and development managers and employees themselves realise this.

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The Relationship Between Organizational Trust and Organizational Silence: A Literature Review

The Relationship Between Organizational Trust and Organizational Silence: A Literature Review

Author(s): M. L. Slimane Tichtich,Amira Khaiat,Kh. Bouchareb Bouloudani / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This study examines the relationship between trust in colleagues, supervisors, and management, and the dimensions of organizational silence, such as defensive and deafening silence, across different sectors and regions. By analyzing data from previous studies in education, industry, and services in countries like Indonesia, South Korea, Turkey, and Afghanistan, the study provides insights into how trust affects organizational silence. Using secondary data analysis, statistical methods were employed to explore these relationships. The findings show significant disparities based on sector and geographic location. For example, a strong inverse relationship was found between trust in colleagues and defensive silence in Indonesia's education sector, while no significant impact was observed in South Korea's service sector. Trust in supervisors also had a notable effect on organizational silence, with variations depending on the sector. The study highlights the role of cultural and managerial differences and offers recommendations to enhance trust and reduce organizational silence.

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Analysis and Evaluation of the Quality of the Services Provided by BSR „Passengers“ LTD

Analysis and Evaluation of the Quality of the Services Provided by BSR „Passengers“ LTD

Author(s): Borislav Arnaudov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Railway transport allows people to enjoy the freedom to travel, while simultaneously creating economic growth and jobs. Its technological development is of key importance for any modern society, as it helps the achievement of social and regional cohesion. At the same time, it needs to be sustainable, considering the increased amount of resources that goes into carrying out freights and ecological restrictions. The supply of high-quality transport services in synergy with modern infrastructure is vital for highlighting the economic strengths of each individual region in the country, as well as facilitating economic and social cohesion. Effective transport services influence the competitiveness of commerce, accessibility and prices. The quality of the services provided by BSR has a strong reflection on production processes and the selection of trading partners. The purpose of the study is to analyze the primary indicators that influence the quality of the transport services that BSR provides. The factors that determine the behavior of transport service consumers when they choose their mode of transportation have been analyzed. The quality of freights carried out by the national railway carrier has been evaluated. At the end of the study the achieved results are outlined and specific recommendations pertaining to the development of railway transport in Bulgaria are made.

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Progress of Renewable Energy Use in EU Countries – Statistical Analysis of Trends and Factors

Progress of Renewable Energy Use in EU Countries – Statistical Analysis of Trends and Factors

Author(s): Sonia Chipeva,Ventsislava Stoyanova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The use of renewable energy sources is an important aspect of economic development throughout the world, including Europe, as it provides clean energy and contributes significantly to environmental transformation. Three clusters of EU countries are identified concerning their progress of the share of renewable energy (SRE) use in gross energy consumption for 2004-2022 applying cluster analysis based on the SRE trends in the period. Effects of important factors for expanding SRE are analyzed by developing a set of econometric models of renewable energy use in main sectors of energy balance – electricity, transport and cooling & heating.

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A Model for Using ChatGPT in Attracting and Selecting Human Resources

A Model for Using ChatGPT in Attracting and Selecting Human Resources

Author(s): Miroslava Peicheva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Technologies are critical to professional success, regardless of our attitude toward them. Digital agility is becoming a leading competency of HR professionals. Expertise in conducting interviews in Microsoft Teams and/or organizing online team meetings is no longer enough. One of the study's main results is that the use of ChatGPT increases the efficiency of the attraction and selection process. The conducted experiment proves that ChatGPT is useful only when the one who uses it has fundamental knowledge of the issues sought in ChatGPT.

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Tourism Resilience Through Social Entrepreneurship and Collaborative Processes

Tourism Resilience Through Social Entrepreneurship and Collaborative Processes

Author(s): Liliya Terzieva,Sarah Schmitz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The tourism industry, characterized by its complexity and interconnectedness, faces significant challenges such as economic downturns, natural disasters, and global pandemics, all of which underscore its vulnerability. Traditional risk management strategies have proven inadequate in addressing these multifaceted issues. This study explores the role of social entrepreneurship in enhancing tourism resilience through innovative and collaborative approaches. By fostering partnerships among local communities, stakeholders, and social entrepreneurs, social entrepreneurship drives sustainable development and creates resilient tourism destinations. Employing the two very diverse cases presented, this paper highlights the importance of adaptive strategies, collaborative networks, and social innovation in building a more sustainable and resilient tourism industry.

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Stewardship Concept and G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2023

Stewardship Concept and G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2023

Author(s): Bistra Boeva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The paper examines the specific topic within corporate governance and capital markets-stewardship principle and stewardship concept. With regard to contemporary G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance (2023) the role of the steward and stewardship code are discussed from a theoretical point of view and the perspective of the practice. Observation of the Principles (2023) is followed by a comparative analysis of agency theory and stewardship theory. Implementation of the stewardship codes all over the world is analyzed. Latest developments with regard to the stewardship principles and stewardship codes in the EU are discussed.

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Food in a Polycrisis: Can Tourism Help for a Sustainability Transition?

Food in a Polycrisis: Can Tourism Help for a Sustainability Transition?

Author(s): Dora Marinova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The paper highlights the challenges of the current global polycrisis as they relate to food, including decreasing life expectancies, climate change, biodiversity loss and geopolitical tensions. It then explains the dietary transition that has occurred globally and in Bulgaria with increased intake of animal-based foods, such as meat and dairy, emphasising the links with obesity and non-communicable diseases. Better dietary choices based on plant-based sources can help alleviate the pressures on the natural environment, improve human health and contribute towards finding solutions for the polycrisis. People in wealthier countries need to be able to make decisions conscientiously to reduce the presence of animal-sourced foods in their diets. Tourism experiences in the new category of wellness tourism can expose people to attractive plant-based dishes and act as an intervention and nudging tool for encouraging a sustainability transition in food.

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Quality Assurance Methods of Software Applications and Online Services in Institutions of Higher Education

Quality Assurance Methods of Software Applications and Online Services in Institutions of Higher Education

Author(s): Elitsa Pavlova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The report examines methods for ensuring the quality of software applications and online services in higher education institutions (HEIs). It highlights key challenges related to security, system complexity, and user diversity. Testing approaches such as performance, compatibility, security, and usability testing are analysed. It emphasizes automation, integration with DevOps processes, and the use of standardized tools. The report offers solutions for reducing vulnerabilities and ensuring software reliability and functionality. The main conclusion is that continuous testing and integrated security are critical for data protection and the smooth operation of university systems.

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EU Strategic Approaches to Combating Corruption

EU Strategic Approaches to Combating Corruption

Author(s): Georgi Tasev / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Corruption remains a persistent challenge within the European Union, eroding institutional trust, economic stability, and the rule of law. In response, a comprehensive framework of strategic documents, policies, and instruments has been developed to foster transparency, accountability, and integrity across member states. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the Union’s anti-corruption strategy, focusing on key documents, governance reforms, and legal tools that enhance enforcement mechanisms. Furthermore, the study explores disparities in national anti-corruption measures across various countries, evaluating their alignment with common standards and identifying ongoing challenges. Special attention is given to the roles of key institutions in combating cross-border corruption. The paper concludes that achieving a corruption-free Europe will require sustained collaboration among institutions, member states, and civil society, emphasizing the importance of consistent monitoring and implementation of anti-corruption frameworks.

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Nuclear Security Challenges and Detection Architecture Developments in Northeast Africa: A Comprehensive Analysis

Nuclear Security Challenges and Detection Architecture Developments in Northeast Africa: A Comprehensive Analysis

Author(s): Bokhari Ahmed Moneir / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Preventing terrorist organizations from getting and using nuclear weapons is a critical global challenge. Among the issues facing nuclear security in northeast Africa are illicit trafficking, political instability, the lack of regulatory frameworks, and limited technical capabilities. Countries like Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia, are increasingly aware of these threats and are actively working to develop their nuclear security and detection architectures and address them. Effective nuclear threats mitigation relies on identifying and intercepting illicit nuclear material movements before they can be used for malicious purposes. This paper examines nuclear security challenges and threats and Nuclear Developments in Northeast Africa in focusing on regulatory frameworks, technological advancements, and regional and international cooperation and conventions related to nuclear security. It underscores the importance of a robust detection architecture, highlights the need for continuous improvement in regulatory measures, and calls for stronger international collaboration. Recommendations for future enhancements are also provided.

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Combating Nuclear Terrorism Threats Through Development of Evolving Nuclear Security Regime

Combating Nuclear Terrorism Threats Through Development of Evolving Nuclear Security Regime

Author(s): Tumelo Baraedi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Nuclear terrorism refers to the unauthorized use or attempted use of nuclear explosive devices (e.g., Improvised Nuclear Devices (IND’s), and radioactive ones (e.g., Radiation Dispersal Devices (RDD’s) or Radiation Emitting Devices (RED’s)), as well as attacks/attempted attacks on nuclear/radiation facilities. The main objective is to review some major challenges encountered by having an evolving nuclear security regime, with the main focus being on nuclear terrorism. The paper seeks to suggest recommendations that can be used in reducing the threat of nuclear terrorism and maintaining an effective nuclear security regime which can be used in combating nuclear terrorism. The research was conducted through a literature review of international instruments such as IAEA publications (e.g. IAEA NSS No. 6) on maintaining a sustainable nuclear security regime and an analysis of the indicators that could play a key role in maintaining these. The survey was also conducted on both radiation workers and the public.

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The Problem with Bulgaria’s Lack of Funding Directed to the Education Sector

The Problem with Bulgaria’s Lack of Funding Directed to the Education Sector

Author(s): Boris Miloshev / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

Human capital is one of the driving factors for an economy and has a direct effect on production. One of the best ways to boost a country’s GDP is to increase labor productivity, which is directly linked with long-term economic growth. With Bulgaria having one of the lowest general government expenditures to GDP ratio in Europe and low teachers’ salary rates compared to other countries, it’s important to determine how this may be affecting the country and its economic growth as a whole. The aim of this paper is to analyze the lack of funding in the educational sector based on the human capital theory and the Augmented Solow growth model, as well as to provide some suggestions on possible improvement strategies.

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Значимост на глобалните обществени блага в условията на нарастващи глобални рискове

Значимост на глобалните обществени блага в условията на нарастващи глобални рискове

Author(s): Velichka Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

The present article focuses on the role of global public goods in the light of a dynamically changing global environment. To this end, attention is first paid to the main features of this type of goods and the challenges associated with providing financial resources for their production, followed by some more specific examples of global public goods, which are considered taking into account the danger of global risks.

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Анализ на паричната политика на ЕЦБ и динамиката на цените на акциите

Анализ на паричната политика на ЕЦБ и динамиката на цените на акциите

Author(s): Petko Pishinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

A number of economists and researchers have mentioned that apart from inflation and output gap (GDP gap), asset price movements are also important in refining monetary policy of a Central bank and should be considered as equal as the two other determinants. Thus, this research aims to investigate the monetary policy of ECB during the financial crisis period by examining the suitability of the interest rate setting based on inflation, output gap, and stock price movement.

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Кейнсовата и Нео-кейнсианската теории за икономическите кризи: някои теоретични аспекти

Кейнсовата и Нео-кейнсианската теории за икономическите кризи: някои теоретични аспекти

Author(s): Petar Piperkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

The Keynesian tradition dates back to J. M. Keynes and, according to it, economic crises are endogenous phenomena. The article reviews some aspects of this tradition in light of the understanding of fluctuations from market equilibrium. The object is the currents in the Keynesian theory, and the subject – their views on economic crises. The purpose of the article is to highlight certain contradictions between the ideas of J. M. Keynes and the subsequent Keynesian schools, due to the original ideas of Keynes, which subsequently fell out of the Keynesian tradition, but are essential for understanding the genealogy of crises. Scientific methods such as historical-logical analysis, comparative analysis and synthesis were used.

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Иновативен модел на проектно базирано обучение на гимназиални учители: добра практика от УниБИТ
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Иновативен модел на проектно базирано обучение на гимназиални учители: добра практика от УниБИТ

Author(s): Georgeta Nazarska,Alexandаr Karakachanov,Nina Debruyne,Magdalena Garvanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2024

The article shares a best practice of the University of Library Studies and Information Technologies, Sofia, related to the successful transfer of new fundamental knowledge from science to secondary education. It consisted of developing a new model of teaching of high school teachers, including the preparation of content and teaching aids, its practical testing through a training course and its evaluation. The article describes the design and analyzes the results of the course, emphasizing the individual and institutional impacts such as developing competencies and increasing the motivation of the learners. The newly created model is characterized as innovative, project-based and interactive, and the immediate effects of its testing and the possible long-term prospects for its future use are commented on.

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Учебните планове на специалности в СУ „ Св. Кл. Охридски“ с професионална квалификация учител в контекста на развитието на дигиталните компетентности
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Учебните планове на специалности в СУ „ Св. Кл. Охридски“ с професионална квалификация учител в контекста на развитието на дигиталните компетентности

Author(s): Vasya Delibaltova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2024

The aim of the study is to analyze the curricula of majors that offer teacher qualifications, from the perspective of their compliance and/or upgrading of the state requirements for teacher training in Bulgaria in the context of the problem of developing digital competence among students. This predetermines the boundaries of the research questions from the number and type of plans to their scope and content. The analysis of the content was carried out at Sofia University and its results allow us to outline some specifics arising from the type of specialties and faculties.

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Controverse fiscale generate de O.G. nr. 16/2022 – regimul TVA aplicabil băuturilor pe bază de cafea și ceai
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Controverse fiscale generate de O.G. nr. 16/2022 – regimul TVA aplicabil băuturilor pe bază de cafea și ceai

Author(s): Bogdan Blaj,Brigitta Kedves / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 6/2024

Within the evolving framework of Romania’s fiscal legislation, the amendments introduced by Government Ordinance no. 16/2022 mark a critical point in determining the taxable regime regarding VAT applicable to certain products or services. This article aims to highlight the main challenges arising from the unclear interpretations of the provisions of Article 291, paragraph (2), letters e) and k) of the Fiscal Code. Additionally, it addresses issues of legislative predictability and clarity that have led to controversies, exploring the determination of the applicable VAT rate for beverages based on coffee, tea, or maté. The article also discusses how the fundamental principle of in dubio contra fiscum can serve as an essential tool for ensuring a balance between the state’s fiscal interests and the protection of taxpayers’ rights.

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