The Investment Development Path – a bilateral perspective of Germany and Poland

Author(s): Marta Goetz,Piotr Trąpczyński / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2016

This paper aims to explore the pattern of foreign direct investment (FDI) between Poland and Germany. It focuses on the bilateral aspects of the Investment Development Path (IDP) which so far seems to have been a rather neglected research area. Evolution along the IDP has been, with some exceptions, studied mainly globally without differentiating between partner countries. The conducted analysis sheds light on mutual Polish-German investment relations by putting them in the context of the IDP concept. The obtained findings can be supportive in formulating policy guidelines.

Gospodarka Niemiec wobec masowego napływu emigrantów

Author(s): Tomasz Budnikowski / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 03/2016

One of the factors restricting the economic growth rate of Germany are the persistently unfavorable demographic trends. Therefore, in the opinion of many economists, the mass influx of refugees from the countries of the Near East and Africa must bee seen as an “opportunity of the century”. This does not mean, however, that immigration carries no problems. The reception of foreigners implies the necessity of incurring substantial expenses in the period preceding their introduction to the German labor market. Expenditures include accommodation, sustenance, participation in language courses and vocational training schemes.

Политико-икономическите симбиози – за една политикономия на българския преход

Author(s): Andrey Bundzhulov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

Transition is usually referred to as „the Transition“, with a capital letter and in singular, and as „from – to“ („from totalitarianism and state economy to democracy and market“). This study speaks not of a single, transparent, manageable „Transition“ but of many transitions as spontaneously occurring transformations and as legitimating strategies of the actors taking part in them. The key concept to describe these processes is „political-economic symbioses – a concretion of political and economic networks whose immediate origin can be found in the last period of the „former regime“. They take place at diverse levels and in diverse fields as transformations and restructuring of diverse types of capital (political, economic and social). The network analysis to which I adhere here is close to the sociology of Michel Callon, Bruno Latour, John Law etc., known as „actor-network sociology“, combined with that of Pierre Bourdieu, used by Laszlo Bruszt and David Stark in the analysis of the economic transformation in Hungary in the early 1990s. Combining these approaches provides the key to understanding that critical weakening of the state and institutions that is observed in the transition years.

Wartość kultury w perspektywie polityki publicznej

Author(s): Anna Świętochowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

This paper is a critical presentation of theoretical concepts of cultural values significant from the public policies’ perspective. The author indicates changes, which has been made in perceiving cultural values within the last few decades, discusses economics based methods and broad interpretations of cultural value.

В ТЪРСЕНЕ НА "ЗЛАТНОТО РУНО": ДАЛИ ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЯТ СЪЮЗ СБЛИЖАВА ИЛИ ОТДАЛЕЧАВА СЪСЕДНИ СТРАНИ ДНЕС НА КРЪСТОПЪТЯ НА ИСТОРИЯТА?"

Author(s): Mihail Vasilev,Rozalina Gyobeklieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2014

The article presents the experience of Agency for European Integration (AIE), working on projects under the "CBC", "Culture", EEP, "Civil Society", "Youth in Action", and a study from 2013, aimed to identify tourist resources with the greatest potential for tourist attraction in crossborder region (FDT) of Haskovo, realized by the Agency. The authors provide specific recommendations for the development of cultural and historical tourism.

Демографска и професионална структура на Разград и Попово през 40-те години на XIX век (начални бележки)

Author(s): Nevena Nedelcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The report presents preliminary remarks on demographic and professional structure of Razgrad and Popovo towns in the middle of the 19th century. It is based on unpublished Ottoman documents – temettuat defters. Those documents provide valuable information for the demographic picture, social, ethnic and religious characteristics of the settlements in the Ottoman Empire. It introduces new unpublished data on the population of the two cities and their social and economic status. This study focuses on Popovo and Razgrad’s urban development and presents information about their households, their incomes and taxes. The demographic structure of the two cities, the peculiarities of their territorial organization, professional structure and some details of the economic development of the communities in Razgrad and Popovo are also commented. The research presents general information about the economic outlook of these towns, it is focused on the professional profile of their population, the leading industries, and specific occupations. Thus, in the period 1845-1846 Razgrad appears as a center of Muslim and non-Muslim communities, having a population of app. 6000-7000 people. The professional structure of Razgrad is dominated by the agricultural sector. Trade, textiles and logging are also widely held sectors of the town's economy. The other settlement, Popovo is a village with a population of nearly 300 people and a dominant agricultural appearance.

Zapiski w dawnych księgach inwentarzowych zakonu krzyżackiego m. in. o zasobach arsenałów i innych magazynów na zamkach krzyżackich na granicy prusko-mazowieckiej od XIV do XVI w.

Author(s): Joanna Elżbieta Śliczyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The chateau complexes, both those at the border with Masovia as well as others, in the depths of the Teutonic State in Prussia, were primarily defensive buildings, but also had administrative, economic, production, processing and storage facilities, and also military warehouses for the local members of the convention (knights) and armaments with military intervention equipment that could come to the castle from other nearby castles, or for the armies) and use those stocks for further warfare. There was a very strong connection between the castle's operation (here on the border with the Duchy of Masovia), the infrastructure in that economic and military castle complex, its reserves and the role it played in the defense system of the Teutonic Order in Prussia and its economic potential resulting from the economic and conglomerate infrastructure and stored any stock.

Изграждане на знания и нови умения по „Макроикономика“

Author(s): Aneta Dailova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2018

The article shows some practical activities related to the preparation of a lesson in macroeconomics. The different stages of the lesson are described. Examples of case studies and ways of assessment of students‘ knowledge are presented.

Колко и кои са първите фабрики в българските земи до Освобождението (1878 г.)? Опит за извороведски и историографски анализ

Author(s): Ivan Roussev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The theme of the early industrialization of the Ottoman Empire, particularly of the Balkans and the Bulgarian lands as part of the Empire until 1878, is still incompletely explored. The problem is not only the lack of reliable historical sources, but also the random and often incorrect use of economic concepts, which is leading to inaccurate interpretation of the available information. The purpose of this study is to clarify through reliance on the sources and historiographical analysis which and how many companies classified as factories existed in the Bulgarian lands until the Liberation (1878).

Приносът на Габрово – от възрожденските занаяти до индустрията на новото време (по документи, съхранявани в Регионалния исторически музей (РИМ) – Габрово)

Author(s): Daniela Tsoneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The scientific research presents 3 major crafts from the National Revival period in Bulgaria. Two of them: furriery and braid-knitting – gave birth to the industrialization of Gabrovo after 1878. Smithery was one of the first crafts in Gabrovo and reached its highest development in the 1860s. After the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878 smithery production gradually decreased but was revived again during the second half of 20th century’s first decade.The Gabrovians Ivan Kolchev Kalpazanov and Totyo Antipov were emblematic for their role in the successful development of braid-knitting and furriery in the National Revival period. The economic experience from this period in Gabrovo was transformed into development of new industry after the year of 1878. Stoyan Dobrev was a representative of one of the significant cutlers’ families in Gabrovo. His son Dobri Stoyanov used the family crafts’ experience and inthe 1860–1870s became one of the most active craftsmen on the cutlery goods market. Despite the market success and the privileges given to Gabrovo cutlers by the Ottoman authorities, those craftsmen were not able to preserve Gabrovo as a center of cutlery. This was caused by the lack of initiative for the industrialization of cutlery and by the unstable political conditions after the April Uprising in 1876. After the Bulgarian Liberation in 1878 the cutlery goods market continued to shrink and in the last decade of 19th century cutlery almost disappeared in the town. The renewal of smithery in Gabrovo in the beginning of the 20th century came due to the activities of the industrialist Ivan Nedkov who developed craft traditions from the National Revival period into a mechanised industry.Gabrovians managed to use the accumulated production and technical experience from the National Revival period in the new political and economic conditionsof the restored Bulgarian state after 1878. Crafts’ workshops and manufactures in Gabrovo went through a transformation – some of them were closed but others were modernized and new productions appeared. In the last decades of 19th century Gabrovo became an industrial center, known as the “Bulgarian Manchester”.

Методика шкалювання результатів автоматизованого тестування респондентів соціодинамічних систем

Author(s): Lina Makarenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 33/2018

The article deals with the problem of scaling primary assessments of the results of automated testing of respondents of social-dynamical systems in relation to linear scales with a fixed number of ranges, and also shows the application of scalping techniques in presenting the results of tests of respondents of sociodynamic systems.The purpose of this work is to develop a technique for both approximate and accurate linear scaling of normalized "primary" test ratings and the application of this technique in the formation of test results in the REMAK system. In the REMAK system, linear (quantile) scaling of scores can be performed immediately after passing the testing session when receiving an on-screen form for viewing the results and after passing the test by all respondents when analyzing the statistics for the test as a whole. The disadvantage of the methodology for the translation of "primary" test scores into the linear scale used in the REMAK system was to adopt the kind of distribution of "primary" assessments uniform and, as a consequence, the lack of their normalization. For small groups of respondents (up to 30 people), errors occurring at the same time did not have a significant effect on the boundaries of scale ranges. With the growth in the number of respondents using the REMAK system, there is a need for the normalization of "primary" test ratings to more accurately calculate the limits of the ranges of linear scales.As a result of the study, a method was developed for scaling primary test scores, which allows you to obtain the resulting scores in any linear scale of evaluation directly when viewing the results. When testing respondents of sociodynamic systems, a result evaluation was obtained immediately after passing the testing session by each respondent, based on the assumption of a normal distribution of 95% of respondents, or on the results of the actual distribution of respondents after passing the entire test. It should be noted that the comparison of the results of scaling with the statistical data showed a practical coincidence of the results, which confirms the reliability of the proposed method.

The Prague Spring and the end of economic reforms in Bulgaria

Author(s): Daniel Vachkov / Language(s): English Issue: 45-46/2018

The NBU e-Platform in Teaching Foreign Languages for Specific Purposes

Author(s): Maria Stambolieva,Milka Hadjikoteva,Mariya Neykova,Mariyana Raykova,Valentina Ivanova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The paper presents the aims, tasks and expected results of an е-platform designed for the teaching of foreign languages for specific purposes. The platform, developed by the Laboratory for Language Technologies of New Bulgarian University, is tailored to the specific needs of students. The platform allows: 1/ corpus creation and management; 2/ the creation of term banks, with definitions and translations, 3/ corpus analysis (lemmatization, POS, morphological and morphemic analysis, syntactic analysis, parallel text alignment); 4/ the generation of text-based drills and tests; 5/ automatic test assessment.

Ekonomija kolektivizma

Author(s): Slaviša Tasić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2017

U osnovi liberalnog kapitalizma nalazi se fenomen koji je škotski moralni filozof i ekonomista Adam Smit nazvao nevidljivom rukom - što je fraza koja se danas često pominje ali vrlo slabo razume. Smit je, posma-trajući početak velikog procvata evropskih tržišnih ekonomija u 18. veku primetio da opšti ekonomski napredak i kolektivna dobrobit retko proiz-laze iz nečijih dobrih namera. Naprotiv, kolektivni ekonomski prosperitet stvara se kada pojedinci slede sopstvene ciljeve. Samozainteresovana eko-nomska aktivnost stvara vrednost koju ne prisvajaju samo vlasnici profitabilnih firmi već se raspodeljuje mnogo šire: na zaposlene, kupce, klijente, pa i na budžetske korisnike ekonomski uspešnih država. „Najmanje opšte koristi sam video upravo od onih koji tvrde da rade u javnom interesu", reči su Adama Smita koje odzvanjaju i danas. Vrednost stvorenu iz ličnih profitnih interesa nevidljiva ruka putem dobrovoljne razmene deli svima koji žive u slobodnom privrednom okruženju.

EMPLOYEES’ COMPETENCES IN KNOWLEDGE-INTENSIVE BUSINESS SECTOR – COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IN TWO CEE COUNTRIES

Author(s): Joanna Samul,Elżbieta Skąpska,Dimitri Pankov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS) are services that involve intensive use of high technologies, specialized skills and professional knowledge. However, there are insufficient findings on the competences of employees in the sector of KIBS. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the research on employees’ competences in different service sectors of two CEE countries: Poland and Belarus. This study adopted a quantitative approach based on a questionnaire applied to 101 companies from Poland and 42 companies from Belarus. The comparative analysis shows quite similar findings - the most significant competencies are employee engagement, motivation and customer-focused orientation and play a crucial role in the efficiency of services in both countries.

Real-time comparision of movement of Bulgarian folk dances

Author(s): Zlatka Uzunova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The most challenging part of creating the Virtual Reality System for Motion Capture Analysis and Visualization for Folk Dance Training is the process of correct comparison of the movements and subsequent assessment. The purposed method uses combined analysis of several body tracking features for movement comparison. The reference dance movements are recorded with two Kinetic sensors, so that they are clean and precise. But the user of the training system, will most likely use one Kinetic sensor, so complex movements like fine spring movements, leg-crossings, body spins, and quick, sharp movements, are difficult to compare correctly because they could not be tracked successfully. The article proposes methods including approximation of movements and an assumption of their proper execution so that the learning process can be carried out.

Приложение на дървовидни структури за анализ на електрическата верига при синусоидален и периодичен несинусоидален режим на работа

Author(s): Tsvetelina Simeonova,Alex Velkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2018

The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology using tree structures in single-source linear circuit analysis in sinusoidal and periodic non-sinusoidal mode.The relationship between parameters of elements and parameters of equivalent elements and their corresponding electrical magnitude, current and voltage, with a specified source influence by analysis of the electric circuit with a tree description of the equivalent transformations is used.The following results were obtained:- Equivalent tree structure of the electrical circuit for determining the equivalent complex resistance (in the rights direction) as well as for determining the complex magnitudes (in the opposite direction).- An algorithm for determining the equivalent complex resistance, as well as an algorithm for determining complex values based on equivalent transformations.The work has received the following contributions:- A methodology is proposed for the analysis of a linear electric circuit with a single source in a sinusoidal and periodic non-sinusoidal regime based on a tree structure.- It is suggested that the training of students in the area of theoretical electrical engineering include the analysis of the electric circuit in sinusoidal and periodic non-sinusoidal mode, according to the proposed algorithm for application of tree structures including an equivalent tree scheme and demo calculations on it.

Професійний розвиток персоналу в умовах активізації інноваційно-інтеграційних процесів

Author(s): Anna Levchenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1 (34)/2018

In the article the role of professional development of personnel in the conditions of activization of innovative integrated processes is investigated. It was emphasized that at present time, the most urgent tasks are to preserve and develop the existing personnel potential, to rationalize its using, to increase the labor productivity through the using of advanced technologies in Ukraine.The analysis of approaches to the definition of the essence of personnel’s professional development and other interrelated categories is carried out. It has been determined that personnel’s professional development is a process of continuous updating and acquisition of new knowledge, skills, competencies, which is aimed at their further using in practice, and the active creation of new knowledge taking into account the innovative changes in the environment,allowing to receive the current and strategic beneficial socio-economic effect. The modern differences of "adult education" are characterized, taking into account the separation of physical, virtual, emotional, cognitive and social components into the educational space structure. The groups of teaching methods include the individual and collective group,active and passive, long-term and short-term, methods of formal, informal and informal learning. With regard to the staff development models, a model of competitive advantages, a model of employee support, a model of community support and a model-concept of human development can be distinguished.The key features of the transformation of approaches to the organization of personnel’s professional development in the conditions of activization of innovative-integrated processes are substantiated. They are based on the necessity of change from the learning, which are oriented on knowledge-based learning to the learning of staff to learn and create a new knowledge, to promote the development of intellectual potential and emotional intelligence,taking into account during learning the individualized needs of the individual and the tendencies of globalization in expanding the knowledge sharing in the world community, the widespread using of distance learning organization forms, active and interactive methods of participation in the learning process, giving a lot of attention to the teamwork,the practical orientation of training courses, the strategic approach to the organization of professional development and creation of preconditions for the implementation of learning outcomes.

Податкове навантаження суб’єктів господарювання та його вплив на формування важливих показників розвитку економіки України

Author(s): Alla Lysenko,Alina Bakay / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1 (34)/2018

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of tax burden on business entities on the formation of important indicators of Ukraine's economic development with the use of basic methods and substantiation of their correction.In the article, based on the application of an adjusted method of estimating the tax burden of economic entities, the effect of tax burden on the formation of important indicators of economic development in Ukraine was investigated. The dynamics of changes in the ratio of the total amount of tax payments to the volume of GDP and the economic entities has been analyzed, the load of the tax to the labor costs, income tax on the financial result before taxation of the profit-making enterprises and value added tax from the domestic goods forvalue added are determined. It is proved that tax burden is an important indicator of the effectiveness of tax reforms, and its level significantly influences the dynamics of changes in the main generalized indicators of the development of the national economy.When assessing the tax burden on economic entities, it is proposed to compare the growth rates of the total amount and individual types of tax payments, the related indicators of financial and economic activity and the level of tax burden in order to assess the factor effects. An approach to adjust the basic methodology for assessing the level of tax burden on the indicators of the development of the national economy is the inclusion in the calculation of the aggregate value of tax payments and their individual types, as well as the interconnected with the corresponding tax revenues of the components: the number of economic entities; added value; financial results before tax on profit-making enterprises; labor costs. Further research into the problem of assessing the impact of tax burden on business entities on the formation of important indicators of Ukraine's economic development should be conducted in the direction of in-depth study of causal relationships based on the use of factor models. Prospects for further research in the study of the above-mentioned problems are the development and application in the practical plane of economic and mathematical models in assessing the level of tax burden and a set of factors that form it.

Mocarstwowość ekonomiczna Wielkiej Brytanii. Rola londyńskiego City w budowaniu przestrzeni geoekonomicznej

Author(s): Barbara Regulska-Ingielewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

The aim of the article is to analyze the condition of the UK economy with particularemphasis on the financial services sector and the role it plays in building the modernGreat Britain’s position as a major power in the world The article constitutes anattempt to answer two main research questions: Is Great Britain an economic powerof international importance, which thanks to the strength of its economy is able toshape geo-economic space? Is London, as the emanation of the British financialservices sector, the pillar of the British geo-economic space? Answers to the abovequestions will allow us to verify the adopted hypothesis, which states that thebasis of modern Great Britain’s position as a major power is London City actingas a global financial center. It plays a key role in building the geo-economic space.