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The author discusses the development course of the 19 International Conference of Labour Statisticians, held in Geneva in 2013. The resolution was passed on the new developments in the study of labour statistics. The adopted arrangements included not only paid work but also led for households and performed on a volunteer basis. The new statistical approach also set the unused labor resources. These changes will have consequences for the conduct of censuses, labour force surveys and general social statistics.
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This paper is devoted to a presentation of results of simulation experiment aimed at assessment of estimation quality of data on commuting to work on the basis of information collected during sample survey conducted within the National Population and Housing Census 2011. The analysis uses the bootstrap method consisting in multiple sampling with replacement of samples from a given ’starting’ sample and studying distribution of values of parameter of interest estimated for them. The generalization was conducted using Horvitz-Thompson direct estimator with calibration weights computed by working subgroup for statistical and mathematical methods for censuses within the 2011 Census project and strata defined for such census. On the basis of suggestions contained in subject matter literature sizes and number of bootstrap samples were established and computation of relative mean squared error, relative bias and empirical relative bias for estimation of various values expressed in absolute numbers and percentage by categories and voivodships for each analyzed sample as total and by sex. Using the results relevant practical conclusions were formulated.
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The article discusses the problem of cyclicality of the price index of goods and services (CPI), recognizing that it is worthwhile to conduct research to better understand this phenomenon, since the behavior of prices is crucial to the functioning of the economy. To determine the cyclical nature of the CPI the author uses harmonic analysis, which allowed him to determine the strength and length variations in this ratio. The study covers the period of 2003—2012. The CPI calculated ”month to the same month of the previous year” shows fairly stronger periodic fluctuations than the calculated ”month to previous month”.
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The subject of this article is to apply the CreditRiskPlus method to test extreme conditions in the credit process. The possibility of its use in the management of risk in the credit portfolio of retail exposures. General considerations are illustrated by an example application of the method in the selected cooperative bank. The possibilities of using the method for extreme condition testing and determining the limits of reducing credit exposure are indicated in the article.
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The article describes the importance of trade for the labor market in Poland. The analysis included working in the trade, as well as working in commercial enterprises with foreign capital. The analysis took into account layoffs and hiring factors, unemployment in trade and forms of employment and remuneration of jobs. The analysis covered the years 2000-2012, focusing on changes in the structure of employment and explaining their reasons. The CSO (GUS) data were basis for the development as well as literature on the subject, including the results of research on the labor market from different research centers.
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The aim of the article is to describe the use of selected methods of cluster analysis - hierarchical and non-hierarchical - to assess the member states of the European Union due to health and safety conditions of work. The analysis is based on data of the European Working Conditions Survey. Based on the answers given by the respondents for the health and well-being were constructed six diagnostic features. Assess working conditions were made using methods Ward and k-average. The use of the two methods yielded very similar results. Only in the case of two of the 27 countries included in the analysis, there were clear differences in the allocation to the respective groups.
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Constitutive feature of organic farming is to carry out sustainable agricultural activity in accordance with the requirements of the soil, plants and animals. The systematic increase in the potential of the organic farms in Poland should be considered as positive and desired direction of agriculture development, due to the numerous environmental, economic and social benefits, as well as compliance with the future model of agriculture, based on renewable resources and environmental-friendly and social development of rural areas. The purpose of this article is to provide socio-economic structural changes in organic holdings between 2005 and 2010 against the background of individual agricultural holdings population.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze the comparative effectiveness of commercial banks operating in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Baltic countries. Selection of a representative group of banks was dictated by the desire to assess the degree of effectiveness in the two groups of countries that started democratic and economic transformation almost simultaneously, but opted for various models of development of the banking sector. The efficiency of banks in the studied groups of countries in 2005-2011 differed significantly, and has demonstrated an analysis using the stochastic frontier model costs.
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The article presents the subject of investments incurred for environmental protection in Poland in 2013. It provides information on outlays on fixed assets on environmental protection and water management, which are presented in accordance with the Polish Statistical Classification of Environmental Protection Activities and Facilities. The article also includes information on receipts due to payments and fines for the use of the natural environment. The data for the year 2013 were presented compared to previous years.
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The paper discusses the CPI substitution bias calculating. The bias is calculated using some known, superlative price indices for Polish data. Additionally, some price index formula are implemented that is not superlative, but it leads to the substitution bias reduction.
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The author discusses international cooperation of statisticians, experts in research methods and statistics from national and regional statistical offices and research communities, as well as other institutions conducting statistical surveys, forming a network of organizations grouped in the European Statistical System.
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The aim of the article is to analyze the spatial differentiation of economic development of voivodships and poviats in the period 2002-2011 using taxonomic indicators. The inference based on historical-political, territorial (distance from the center management) and economic, which allowed for the expansion of and more flexible assessment. Analyses are based on homogeneous characteristics. For measuring were selected statistically stable variables: average salary, number of entities in the REGON registry (per 1000 inhabitants), the unemployment rate and sold production per capita, the gross value of fixed assets and investments. Using diagnostic variables were established indicators of economic development of the various local government units. The result of the work is the ranking voivodships and poviats, taking into account long-term conditions.
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The article describes the statistical and econometric analysis tools which made possible to construct aggregate indicators characterizing economic situation. The analysis of these indicators is particularly important in the case of economic research – simultaneous observation of many economic information enables a deeper assessment of economic fluctuations and to reduce the number of false signals. The authors isolated variables having the character of simultaneous and leading for changes in economic conditions. They also present results of resistance testing for new information. Also confidence intervals for the aggregated business cycle indicators were estimated using Monte Carlo simulation.
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The article discusses methods for estimating poverty indicators at lower levels than the voivodship spatial aggregation based on different sources of data on households (censuses and administrative records). The use of small area statistics methods, using these sources unaffected by random error, allowed to get results having a corresponding precision.
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The article shows the impact of market and regulatory environment on the ability of households to purchase dwellings in Poland in the period from the second quarter of 2006 to the second quarter of 2013. In accordance with the relevant literature on the subject, financial supervision regulations allow to avoid the formation of the so-called "Bubbles" in the property market. The survey was conducted for the Polish market in the form of simulation. It shows that the greatest impact on the creditworthiness of households is the interest rate and as important factors can also be mentioned the amount of wages and real estate prices. The study also shows that the limits on rate loans are more important in terms of creditworthiness than the limit of the maximum period of the loan. The described regularities are observed in all surveyed Polish cities.
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The article presents theoretical methodological considerations on estimation using small area statistics. Examples of applications of small area estimators in practice statistical surveys in Poland and in the world are presented.
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The study shows the role that Polish companies play in the international economic system, including the nature, size and directions of their participation in making the growing trend of globalization of the economy. On the basis of the Polish Central Statistical Office surveys were discussed the concentration of foreign capital in different areas of the Polish economy, including the country of origin of the capital, as well as the activities of companies holding shares in companies headquartered abroad. Types of activities and countries that are particularly attractive to domestic entrepreneurs investing abroad were indicated. Also companies were characterized in terms of common ownership relationships between them, in particular their activities within the framework of international groups. Apart from the basic characteristics of each of these communities, some of the effects of their actions, including financial results were described.
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The paper refers to the article published in "Wiadomości Statystyczne" ("Statistical News") No. 8 of 1989. In economic studies, it is important to take into account the impact of the internal law of motion. The effects of trends are taken into account thanks to segmentation and correcting the observation as well as the use of the time variable or its function. The further part of the paper introduces observations of O. Lange and L. Klein on the description of the cybernetic reaction of the system and the solution of the autoregressive econometric equation.
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The article presents statistical surveys of services related to business activities, especially to: business enterprises, assessment of enterprises providing services related to economic activity, demand for services, international trade of services, ongoing evaluation of service activities and service producer prices. Also methodological work related to the service sector is discussed. In addition, the role of the Voorburg Group and the use of administrative data in the statistics business services are presented.
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