" ال سرَّ وأخْفَى" المعنى والدلالة دراسة تفسيريَّةٌ تحليلية
In our paper, the meanings of the words "secret and hafa" in the 7th verse of Surat al-Taha in Qur’an. These words in our study are discussed in terms of faith and flow.
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In our paper, the meanings of the words "secret and hafa" in the 7th verse of Surat al-Taha in Qur’an. These words in our study are discussed in terms of faith and flow.
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This paper provides a comparative analysis of verbal synesthetic metaphors with the basic taste adjectives in Polish and English: słodki/sweet, gorzki/bitter, kwaśny/sour, słony/salty. Since taste seems to be an ideal candidate for a universal, biologically determined source of metaphors, the authors seek to verify the hypothesis of metaphor embodiment. The corpus-based analysis of nominal phrases with basic Polish and English taste adjectives indicates that cultural influences on the metaphorical mapping, as well as the importance of the target conceptual domains, must be taken into account.
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Epistemic properties of a man constitute the base for change. So far little attention has been paid to those properties in semantics. Questions of epistemic factors, which influence the formation of specialised neologisms, have not been posed. The keynote of this article is the attempt to answer this question. To achieve this goal, I attempt to explain such expressions as ‚neo’, ‚epistemic’ and ‚specialised neologism’. Then I proceed with the presentation of the results of the analysis of an interview. The subject of the interview is the Polish neologism ‚auleta’, created by Maciej Kaziński during his work an the translation of John Landes’ Music in Ancient Greece and Rome.Epistemic properties of a man constitute the base for change. So far little attention has been paid to those properties in semantics. Questions of epistemic factors, which influence the formation of specialised neologisms, have not been posed. The keynote of this article is the attempt to answer this question. To achieve this goal, I attempt to explain such expressions as ‚neo’, ‚epistemic’ and ‚specialised neologism’. Then I proceed with the presentation of the results of the analysis of an interview. The subject of the interview is the Polish neologism ‚auleta’, created by Maciej Kaziński during his work an the translation of John Landes’ Music in Ancient Greece and Rome.
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The word "dellek" can mean barber, circumcisionist, and dentist, and can even refer to male servants who would wash and massage male customers in Turkish bath houses. Delleks would draw blood, cut for jaundice, and cut palates, as well as treat grapes and warts. The word comes to us from an earlier form, "tellak", carrying the same set of meanings. One might infer that delleks treated and beautified the human body, and were masters in their own right. Their female counterparts were referred to as "natır." Like delleks, natırs engaged in a wide range of activities, including scrubbing, massaging, make-up, eyebrow trimming, waxing, manicuring, pedicuring, tattooing, piercing, preparing nose and earrings, and assembling bridal head gear for weddings. Both terms not only are commonplace throughout many aspects of society, but they also refer to a collection of occupations whose lexical roots are self-explanatory. This study will look at their usage in the context of the Azerbaijani language, with a particular focus on their various meanings.
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The first part of the article explains the difference between two expressions: "I am dressed up in Šokac costume" (spremila sam se u šokačko) and "I wear Šokac costume" (nosim se šokački). The first expression means that a person is dressed in the national costume characteristic for Šokci (Croats native to the eastern part of Croatia, around the cities of Slavonski Brod, Vinkovci, Županja, Našice, Đakovo), while the second expression means that a person wears the national costume daily, although modified to include some degree of city clothing. The article is based on field interviews in 1993/94 in villages near Županja (Bošnjaci, Cerna, Drenovci, Račinovci, Vrbanja, Štitar), which sought to learn more about the Šokac national costume in that region. Many authors have written about the Šokci, in particular about the etymology of the word or about the origin of the group, using mostly historical and linguistic sources (Sršan, Stjepan 199). In this region, where Šokci live intermixed with other Croats as well as with some minority groups, the term Šokac at the beginning of the 20th century always referred to Croats who were both Catholic and peasants and whose families had long been settled in the region (starosjedioci). The results of the current research point to the two meanings of the above-mentioned expressions, and shows that the phrase nosim se šokački, that is, I wear Šokac costume, is an outer sign of the wearer's identity, even up to the present day, to differentiate the wearer from others who also wear the costume. In the 1950s alongside the first meaning, another, new meaning gradually came into use, expressed as spremila sam se u šokačko, that is, / dressed up in Šokac costume. This latter expression means that the person only sometimes wears the local costume. She may or may not be a part of the Šokac community. Those women who are Šokice may or may not still be employed in agriculture, and in fact can live in either rural or urban areas. The second part of the article gives the preliminary results of research of women's Šokac costumes of Županja region. The terminology of basic parts of the costume, of clothing and head arrangements are indicated in the tables. The terminology differs between the area west of Županja on the one hand and that east of Županja on the other. This field research will be continued, the tables will be completed with other data and will be expanded to include the remaining places so that we may acquire a regional picture of Šokac costume.
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This paper attempts to explicate the meanings of expressions representing a specific type of genitive metaphor — binding two notions by the rule of conventional, surface sameness. This article aims to prove that the genitive function that appears in this kind of expression is part of a general pattern modelling the semantic roles of this case. This pattern presents the genitive as a lingual indicator of the relation between a “smaller range” object and a “larger range” object and explains the essence of the semantic function appearing not only in this particular type of genitive metaphor, but also in structures such as genetivus definitivus.
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This article deals with the classical text cycle ofTibetan religious practice "The Profaund Dharma of the Natural Liberation through Contemplating the Peaceful and Wrathful Deities"that was written down in the 14th centuary, explaining phenomena of the death moment, as well as the period of existence after the death. The title of the text is a topical problem, because in Western society, already starting with the first translations, this book is known with a completely different name ( "Tibetan Book of Living and Dyingj, thus creating quite another perception and approach than in Tibetan culture. Alongside with the analyses of the title of the text,the article also traces back to the historical emergence of dying rituals and afterlife theory in ancient India and Tibet.
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In this essay/article, after introducing briefly the ideas expressed by various linguists on the matter in question, the author throws into discussion two issues: the origine of the patronymic Buzuku, as well as the origine of the name of Gjon’s father (Bdek), giving thus his contribution. He thinks that the two names, Buzuk and Buzuq, are nominal compounds. There is no doubt that the first part of these compounds is the noun buz/ë/(lip/s), but with the meaning ‘brink, border, bank’. It seems that with this meaning, are especially linked the toponyms and micro-toponyms, numerous throughout all the toponomastic nomenclature in our country, which come out since early times in various medieval documents to our days. The second part of Buzuk/Buzuq is the name Ujk (wolf), which appears since early in documents as personal name. It seems, then, that in Buzuk as well as in Buzuq, we have a compounding or a juxtaposition of two nouns, which originally named a place, buzë ‘brink’, where there were wolves, this perhaps in connection to some occurrence, now petrified in the micro-toponym Bazulk (respectively Buzuk). Later the noun must have been used as a patronym; over time it may have passed also to the naming of the village according to the name of the kin holding it. We are then within that circle which E. Çabej calls ‘the system of Albanian anthroponomy’.
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This study deals with the notion of leadership, envisaged broadly as the quality of a head of state to lead his people towards a common goal while conveying the image of a role-model by both his actions and statements. During his presidential term, a head of state is confronted with many institutionalised contexts where he is expected to issue an official speech. From the numerous official speeches that a president is likely to deliver, I have chosen to dwell on one of the most ritualised discursive sequences, namely the presidential greetings on New Year’s Eve, in order to highlight how the presidential ethos is built through discursive and extra-discursive elements. In this context, I have taken into account the greetings of the Romanian ex-President, Traian Băsescu, from the period 2004-2013 (he was elected twice) with a view to analysing both the purely discursive devices (speech acts, appellatives, semantic content emphasized) and the extra-linguistic elements (place where the discourse is delivered, communication channel). The analysis aims at answering the following questions: Can we consider the presidential greetings and the choices made within and outside the discourse itself as indirect evidence of the diminution of the public support that the president had benefited from? Do the greetings emphasize the president’s effort to adapt to his audience while maintaining the tradition of a well-established ritual?
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The aim of this paper is to integrate the precepts of Construction Grammar into phraseology, for which a holistic description of the Spanish constructional idiom [a todo + INF] is provided. Constructional idioms are constructional patterns composed of certain fixed constituents and others that, although free slots, are subject to certain restrictions in terms of their combinations. The inductive methodology used to analyse these constructions is based on the assumption that frequency of use favours the creation of combinatory patterns, so that the analysis is carried out using data collected in various reference corpora, including the Spanish corpus of the TenTen family, available through the Sketch Engine program, Sketch Engine Spanish Web 2018. Such an analysis includes: the justification of its phraseological character, confirming its high degree of fixation, both formal and cognitive (entrenchment); a description of its meaning, whose core is intensification; a description of the types of verbs that prototypically fill the free slot, which mostly designate durative rather than delimited events, and the possibility of its integration into other constructions. This study confirms that an approach that encompasses both formal features and semantic and pragmatic ones and that bases the analysis on data extracted from large corpora offers more homogeneous, exhaustive, and convincing characterizations of constructional idioms, which have often been considered only from a formal perspective.
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The article depicts the linguistic and stylistic means used by Stefania Trochanowska in her Polish-language volumes of poetry Potem, teraz, przedtem, Motyle and Nie pozwól uschnąć kwiatom in order to create the leading emotion of love. The analysed material is presented according to the suggestion made by Iwona Nowakowska-Kempna. The research has revealed that the Lemko poetess describes two types of love – as a feeling and as an erotic phenomenon – using the necessary number of words in a succinct way. She treats love as a universal feeling, typical of every human being, irrespective of their nationality.
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This paper introduces two instances of person effects with 3rd person items – the reflexive clitic se in French and the non-honorific clitic pronoun suu in Punjabi. Examining the properties of these items, we argue against the phi-feature based accounts of person licensing. Instead, we re-conceptualize it as a syntactico-semantic phenomenon, which requires a pronominal to be contextually-anchored via a feature labeled [F]. More globally, this paper attempts to work out the special status of person and articulate why person requires special licensing in grammar.
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The article analyses two speeches commemorating the 80th anniversary of the outbreak of the Second World War, delivered by the German President Frank Walter Steinmeier and the Polish President Andrzej Duda. The authors examine the two texts and ask what aspects of World War II the politicians evoke in their speeches, what images of the Self and the Other are created and what goals are pursued. In the beginning, the article outlines the different meanings of World War II in Polish and German collective memory, and then it proceeds to briefly characterize the commemorative speech as a type of speech. A special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the perspectives underlying the speeches, including the theses presented, as well as on the comparison of the most important differences.
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The present study aims to analyze selected internet memes as examples of social communication from the perspective of Cognitive Linguistics, and to examine more closely the relation between their visual and verbal aspects. Internet memes contain a wide range of constructions (necessary for rebuilding the semantic framework and extracting selected content), which are fragmentary but at the same time sufficient to induce a whole framework of meanings by using their salient features. The multimodal context is considered within the frameworks of conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980), construal (Langacker, 1987, 2008), frame semantics (Fillmore, 1988), conceptual blending theory (Fauconnier & Turner, 2002) and Discourse Viewpoint Space (Dancygier & Vandelanotte, 2016). The paper will present an analysis of the structure of internet memes, which are rich concepts that spread rapidly and widely, and also invite recipients to actively participate in the construction of the message, thus becoming contributors.
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The complexity of Lucian Blaga’s poetry is a matter of common knowledge. Part of this complexity is related to the elements of prosody that Blaga skilfully employs, to say nothing of the philosophical vein which infuses his writings, and which derives, understandably, from his philosophical work. Mention should also be made of the lyrical character of Blaga’s dramatic works, which adds significantly to the effort of translating his writings into English, or any other language for that matter. In what follows, we intend to offer a bird’s eye view of the volumes that have been translated into English and to analyse a selection of poems comparatively, in order to signal challenges and discrepancies, born in the process of transferring literary material from Romanian to English, and to point out what has been lost, and, if that be the case, what has been gained in the translation process.
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This paper analyzes selected examples of idioms containing the component head in Croatian and Hungarian. Despite the fact that Hungarian and Croatian are not cognate languages, due to the universal experiences and to the fact that they belong to a common cultural circle, these languages have a large correspondence in their phraseology, which can be seen in somatic idioms as body parts represent a kind of universality. The aim of this paper is to show similarities and differences in lexical content and meaning of Croatian and Hungarian idioms containing the component head. The motivational basis of idioms is also discussed as well as the influence of basic and transferred meanings of the lexeme head on the meaning of idioms.
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The present research aims at giving a quantitative and qualitative analysis of semantic and syntactic properties of prototypically different light verb constructions with the synonymous deverbal nouns chat, talk, and conversation in British English. The constructions under investigation are studied in terms of combinability with different light verbs, comple¬mentation patterns, and adjectival modification. Data for the analysis are collected from the British National Corpus (BNC). The study reveals that prototypically different types of light verb constructions behave in a similar way in terms of the researched aspects. However, signi-ficant differences can be found when the deverbal nouns under investigation combine with different light verbs.
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The Albanian language contains dozens of lexicological, semantic and word-forming classes in its lexicology, which need to be further studied, especially regarding their most important aspect, i.e. the semantic one. Such a class is composed of passive and reflexive verbs, which have so far been subject to pure grammatical and word-forming research. There is no comprehensive research that focuses on their lexicological content or semantics to answer the question whether reflexive and passive verbs represent separate lexicological units, i.e. units of an entirely independent meaning from the respective active voices or whether they are forms that derive form them. The answer to this question is first of all related with the nature of their lexicological content, and secondly with the concept of the diathesis and conjugation of verbs. In grammar and vocabularies, diathesis is at times defined as a grammar category and included as an element of verb conjugation, and at others as a lexicological-grammatical category. While verb conjugation is seen from different perspectives, researchers have often different, and more then rarely even contradictory views. The research analyses 2390 reflexive verbs extracted from the Dictionary of the modern Albanian language, 1980. A careful review of the lexicological groups and sub-groups tries to answer the question: are reflexive verbs separate lexicological units in the Albanian language? The research intends to shed light, using the componential analyses approach, within its limits, on the lexicological semantics of reflexive verbs in the Albanian language, which is the scope of our PhD thesis,
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Generative language theory has several models; in each one of them there is interaction between the syntactic form and structure of meaning. The models differ from each other among other things on determining which structure is interpreted by one of the grammar components: the semantic component. In Aspects of the Theory of Syntax deep structure gives the semantic component of a sentence; it is the deep structure which determines thematic relations. In the model developed in the 1970s, surface structure also has this role, while according to a newer conception only the surface structure is interpreted by the semantic component; namely, meaning has certain aspects which form the meaning of the sentence in the surface structure, (focus, coreference, presupposition). As the model was developed further, it became enriched by a new concept, the concept of the Logical Form, which is a partial representation of the meaning of a sentence. The principles of the theory of the 1980s, the theory of Government and Binding are included in partial theories, and some of these refer to meaning. The Structural Hungarian Syntax, which is theoretically based on the theory of government and binding, also includes rules relating to grammatical meaning.
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