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More toponyms and a hydronyme, all from Celtic origin, identified at the Lower Danube, are to add to the literary antique sources and to the archaeological discoveries to confirm the Celtic presence from the III rd c. B.C. in the region.
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The Urartian tomb has been discovered by chance at the Sodk site, situated at the lake Sevan basin, in the Republic of Armenia. Different types of the ring, earrings, bracelets, the bronze medallion, a belt fibula and also the cowry beads had been found from the burial which is dated with VII-VI BC.
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The paper presents the results of the study of osteological material from the excavation of archaeological sites in Armenia, stored in the collection funds of the Institute of Zoology. Characteristics of the species composition of animal bone remains from the excavations of ancient settlements and burials on the territory of modern Armenia (from the V millennium BC to the Late Bronze Age) showed the presence of wild and domestic animals (mammals). The following wild species have been identified: Bos primigenius, Canis lupus, Vulpes vulpes, Ursus arctos, Martes foina, Sus scrofa, Cervus elaphus, Ovis orientalis, Capra aegagrus, Cazella subgutturosa, Equus hemionus, Capreolus capreolus, Meles meles, Lepus europaeus, and Vormela peregusna. Domestic animals are represented by all main species, such as cattle, horse, sheep, goat, pig and dog.
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In this article we will analyze several human remains from sites of Căscioarele-Ostrovel, Coşereni-Măgura de la Comana, Cuneşti-Măgura Cuneşti, Glina-La Nuci and Radovanu-La Muscalu, that assigned to Eneolithic sequence (Boian and Gumelniţa cultures). These bones come from a series of old excavations (1925-1982) and have been recently identified in the collections of the Institute of archaeology "Vasile Pârvan" in Bucharest. Our analysis will focus on a critical review of archaeological contexts from which these materials were discovered, an anthropological expertise of human bones and an evaluation of radiocarbon data obtained for these findings.
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The results of osteological material are discussed by the study of archaeological sites of Holocene period. The mythology and ornamentation problems are touched upon in respect of wild boar
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The study analyzes the synchronism between the cultures of the late Neolithic and the early Eneolithic from Banat and Transylvania, based on the Bayesian models of the 14C data gathered from Uivar- Gomilă, Foeni-Cimitirul Ortodox, Orăştie-Dealul Pemilor, Cerişor-Cauce and Alba Iulia-Lumea Nouă. By comparing the absolute data with the stratigraphic situation of these sites, it has been concluded that the genesis of the Turdaș culture takes place during the Vinča C2 phase, with the help of some cultural elements from Banat at that time. Also, the Turdaș II phase cannot be placed earlier than Vinča C2/C3, while Turdaș III is contemporary with Vinča C3-D and ends with the arrival of the Foeni group in Transylvania. Due to its new chronological position, the Foeni group may have contributed not only to the genesis of the Petresti culture, but also that of the Ariușd-Cucuteni culture.
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The present text refers to the main form of communication between the archaeological world and laypersons in Romania, namely the exhibitions. Taking as a case study the “Cucuteni civilization”, I will show that many exhibitions organized in communist and post-communist Romania have pinned a more or less explicit \political message to the Cucuteni material, in order to serve the dominant ideologies of their respective times.
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The article presents the technological and typological analysis of the knapped lithic material discovered during the 1960 research campaigns in the Chalcolithic tell of Geangoeşti (Dâmbovița County). The main raw material in use was the yellowish-beige, white-spotted flint, strongly resembling the Balkan flint varieties reported south of the Danube. The site provided evidence of household construction, ceramics, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figurines, adornment items, and faunal remains, along with fragmented ground stone axes and chisels belongs to the Gumelnița-Kodjadermen-Karanovo VI culture. The studied lithic collection was stored in The Princely Court National Museum, in easily identifiable boxes and fairly good conditions; nevertheless, about 30% of the lithic implements available for study in the ‘70s, according to the published information, are now missing. Also, the assemblage lacks/contains too few of several groups of debitage products, which is the result of either selecting the lithic material during the excavation stages, or failing to include in the research plan specialized areas of the site.
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Cornelius Holtorf is Professor of Archaeology, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden. He received an MA in Pre- and Protohistory from the Universität Hamburg, and an MA in Theoretical Archaeology at the University of Wales, Lampeter. In 1998, he received his PhD from Lampeter based on his dissertation Monumental Past. Interpreting the Meanings of Ancient Monuments in Later Prehistoric Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Professor Holtorf has taught at the University of Lund, was Marie Curie Fellow of the European Commission, and has been a lecturer in the Department of Archaeology at Cambridge University. Currently he is Associate Editor of the Journal of Contemporary Archaeology and Heritage and Society, cornelius.holtorf@lnu.se
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The archaeological research from Năeni-Zănoaga, Buzău, has been made, with intermissions, between 1982 and 2004. Two sectors of the vast archaeological complex were excavated, namely Cetatea 1 and Cetatea 2, with deposits from the Monteoru Culture. Part of the results of the research made between 2000 and 2004 in the sector Cetatea 1, especially the ones from the S III section, are presented in this article. In the same time, the article describes the recorded stratigraphic succession, confirming older research, as well as a share of the recorded archaeological complexes. An important characteristic of the pottery from Cetatea 1 is its high level of fragmentation, also visible when pottery deposits are encountered. The constancy of this characteristic indicates a voluntary behavior, raising questions regarding the significance of the plateau called Cetatea 1. The unearthing of animal bones in a pot from the second layer made possible a radiocarbon analysis that allowed dating, on the basis of shapes and decoration techniques of the pottery, of a complex consisting of burned floor and walls, together with pottery broken on the spot, and pertaining to the Monteoru Ia stylistic period. A comparison of this analysis and the radiocarbon data from sites with Monteoru findings gives reference of a regional differentiation inside the Monteoru culture.
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The paper looks at the anepigraphic material such as jewellery and cosmetic objects recovered from the province of Upper Moesia. The quality of the material used in their manufacture, their findspots and iconography, serve as a basis in an attempt to shed light on the origin and social status of Bacchic worshippers in that part of the Roman Empire.
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