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Landmark Events in the Lives of the Characters in the Film The Purim Miracle

Author(s): Agnieszka Krawczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

In this article, I analyze the fate of the protagonists of the film The Purim Miracle. The purpose of the analysis is to reconstruct their fate and to show the transformations that took place in their lives. The article consists of two parts: theoretical and analytical. In the introduction, I present a historical outline of Purim, the most important holiday for Jewish people, called the Jewish carnival. In the theoretical part, I summarize the issues that relate to landmark events in human life. Then I explain the issues concerning biographical process structures as seen by Fritz Schütze. In the analytical part, I describe the fate of the protagonists of The Purim Miracle, namely the parents (Jan and Jadwiga) and their son (Henio). The process of discovering one’s origins is a watershed event for both the whole family and individual family members. It causes changes in their lives, which requires from them biographical work. The fate of the characters is interpreted in relation to the process structures distinguished by Fritz Schütze. The title of the film itself is symbolic, as it refers to the holiday during which the characters converted from Catholics to Jews. The biculturalism of the family is revealed not simultaneously, but linearly

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Wydarzenia przełomowe w życiu bohaterów filmu Cud purymowy

Author(s): Agnieszka Krawczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

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Josefa Rosensohna Tractatus de Kabała, czyli najstarszy oświeceniowy traktat o chasydyzmie

Author(s): Marcin Wodziński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51/2023

The article presents an unknown treatise written by a Vilna-based maskil and medical doctor, Josef Rosensohn (ca. 1774–1849). The newly discovered text, commissioned by a Polish aristocrat and Enlightenment activist Tadeusz Czacki (1765–1813), is the oldest maskilic treatise on Hasidism, written in either late 1804 or 1805, important not only for the history of the Haskalah, but also a significant source on the history of Hasidism and Jewish-Polish cultural relations. The article consists of two parts: (1) extensive introduction presenting the author, circumstances of the treatise creation, and significance of the source; (2) a thoroughly annotated treatise itself.

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Rozmowa o współczesnej tożsamości polskich Żydów

Author(s): Barbara Weżgowiec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 84/2023

The 2021 documentary The Proof of Identity marked the directorial debut of Mikołaj Grynberg. In this film, the director attempts to depict the unique experience of being a Polish Jew, while also exploring the intricate nature of an essentially dual (Polish-Jewish or Jewish-Polish) identity. The aim of this article is to elucidate the framework employed by both the director and his characters in recounting their search for a proof of identity, which entails coming to terms with personal (and familial) memory. The article delves into the “conflicts” and “negotiations” that arise in the interviewed individuals’ considerations of identity within the context of postmemory. Central to the film is the director’s fundamental question: What does it mean to be a Jew in present-time Poland? An integral aspect of these considerations is the examination of the fact that the author, who is primarily known as a writer, chose the form of documentary, with the interview as its special type.

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The Memoirs and Journalism of Yakov Vladimirovich Veynshal: Exploring the Interplay of Autobiography and Psychoanalysis

Author(s): Anna Balestrieri / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This article explores the interplay between autobiography and psychoanalysis through the writings and personal experiences of Yakov Vladimirovich Veynshal, a prominent Zionist Revisionist journalist and Hebrew writer in Mandate Palestine. Veynshal’s memoirs and journalistic work provide insights into the connection between these two fields by using personal experiences, literary analysis, creative expression, and cultural and political commentaries. They also demonstrate how literature and psychoanalysis intersect through creative and symbolic expression. The article explores first Veynshal’s journey, from a non-traditional ‘bar mitzvah’ trip to Palestine to his experiences in Russia and his complex relationship with Russian culture. Secondly, it demonstrates how his writings reflect the formation of his Zionist sentiments and unique identity. Additionally, Veynshal’s experiences in Palestine during the 1920s are analysed, highlighting the historical and political context of British Mandate Palestine and the development of Jewish and Arab relations.

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Le système cosmologique de Shabtaj Sheftl ben Akiba Horowitz (vers 1565-1619)

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Le système cosmologique de Shabtaj Sheftl ben Akiba Horowitz (vers 1565-1619)

Author(s): Vladimir Sadek / Language(s): French Issue: 1/1967

This is an analysis of some ideas to be found in the teachings of the author of “Shefac tai“, Sheftl ben Akiba Horowitz, one of Prague cabbalists.

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Silber als Symbol der Thora

Author(s): Vladimir Sadek / Language(s): German Issue: 1+2/1991

This article explores the symbolic meaning of silver in Jewish culture, especially in relation to the Torah and its adornments. The author argues that silver, unlike gold, represents the highest and purest spiritual value of God's love and grace, as expressed in the Kabbalah and the works of Rabbi Löw-Maharal. The author also discusses the historical and religious reasons for the exclusive use of silver for the Torah ornaments, and the different categories of these ornaments according to their sacredness. The article illustrates the influence of Kabbalah and mysticism on the Jewish art and philosophy of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, especially in Prague.

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To, co publiczne, i to, co prywatne, w egodokumentach amsterdamskich Żydów (ok. 1680–1830)

Author(s): Michael Green / Language(s): Polish Issue: 52/2023

The present article deals with egodocuments, written by Jews in Amsterdam, in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. It traces the development in this type of sources and assesses how the authors depicted various notions and aspects of privacy in them. The privacy aspects did not only pertain to the individuals, but also to the Jewish community as a whole and its relationship with the local population in Amsterdam as well as the state authorities. These findings have been placed in the historical and political context.

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Stories of the Golem and their Relation to the Work of Rabbi Löw of Prague

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Stories of the Golem and their Relation to the Work of Rabbi Löw of Prague

Author(s): Vladimir Sadek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/1987

A problem frequently discussed is why the creation of the Golem has been ascribed to Rabbi Löw-Maharal. The author of the paper comes to the conclusion that though the story of the Golem is not mentioned in Maharal’s works directly, there are some passages that might have given rise to the origin of the story of Rabbi Löw and the Golem.

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Rabbi Löw - sa vie, héritage pédagogique et sa légende (à l’occasion de la 370e anniversaire de sa mort)

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Rabbi Löw - sa vie, héritage pédagogique et sa légende (à l’occasion de la 370e anniversaire de sa mort)

Author(s): Vladimir Sadek / Language(s): French Issue: 1/1979

The article written on the occasion of the 370 h anniversary of Rabbi Low’s death surveys his life and educational activities. Rabbi Löw (1512-1609) is the central figure of many legends (the story of the Golem, legends concerning the relation between Rabbi Löw and Emperor Rudolf II, legends of Rabbi Low’s grave and those giving account of his fighting the Angel of Death), which are discussed in the second part of the article.

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LIBERTATEA „CA PRADĂ” LA PROFETUL IEREMIA

Author(s): Remus Onișor / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2023

The restauration of Israel is one of the main concerns of the prophet Jeremiah. Yahweh is the one who gives life to the people wherever they are, as a gift, as a spoil of war. The deliverance of every believer from the bondage of sin and death is a pleasing concern to the Lord. The prophet Jeramiah is a model for any historical stage of man who fights to win his freedom, offering himself as a paradigm of courage and daring. Ebed Melec, an Ethiopian, therefore a stranger, a royal official in Jerusalem, trusts in Yahweh more than any native or Israel. Many Jews, during the conquering of the Holy citadel by the Babylonians, will die by the sword, by famine and by plague, while a foreigner, Ebed Melec, will be protected and kept alive. An authentic prophet shows how precious is the unforeseen and unexpected freedom obtained in a special historical context. The faithful man will be under divine protection wherever and whenever, because the Lord offers him a blessed freedom.

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Wystawa Okna Pamięci. Żydowska społeczność Bochni w muzeum bocheńskim

Author(s): Iwona Zawidzka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

We wrześniu 2022 roku w bocheńskim muzeum otwarta została wystawa czasowa Okna Pamięci 1, która była przypomnieniem żydowskich mieszkańców miasta2 w osiemdziesiątą rocznicę pierwszej deportacji do obozu zagłady w Bełżcu3. Ekspozycja pokazała wiele aspektów życia codziennego i świątecznego miejscowej gminy żydowskiej. Dała też możliwość poznania ludzi – żydowskich bochnian lub ich potomków, nie wyłączając tych, którzy mieszkali lub mieszkają poza Polską.

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SPOR OKO STATUSA BOŽIJIH ATRIBUTA U SREDNJOVEKOVNOJ JEVREJSKOJ FILOZOFIJI

Author(s): Andrija Šoć / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2015

In this paper I discuss a dispute between Jewish medieval philosophers about the status of divine attributes. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part, I outline Philo’s and Saadia’s reasons as to why God must be thought as perfect and simple. Using the aristotelian distinction „substance/accidence“, I explain why it is problematic to ascribe to God, as seen within Judaic tradition, properties such as omniscience, power, goodness, and others. In the second part, I examine Maimonides’ negative theology. Maimonides holds that one must not predicate anything to God. Because God and human beings are incommensurable, any such ascription would be equivocal. Under the influence of Saadia, Maimonides maintains that one cannot say anything about God except that He exists. To prove his thesis, Maimonides was prepared to interpret the content of Jewish Holy writs as being highly metaphorical and it’s most profound meaning as beyond the grasp of the majority of those practicing the principles of Judaism. Even though Maimonides’ influence was felt on many subsequent Jewish thinkers, many of them didn’t always agree with him. In the third part of the paper, I sketch Gersonides’, Crescas’ and Albo’s alternative solutions to the problem of ascribing attributes to God. Aside from discussing a question of the status of Divine attributes, in this paper I also try to put forward a thesis that goes beyond the framework of the mentioned dispute. Namely, Jewish philosophers, Maimonides being the paradigmatic example, didn’t simply adopt the official interpretations of religious dogma, nor did they compromise with it when it comes to proving their theses. In that regard, they came very close to early modern philosophers, who discussed philosophical and theological problems in light of principles of rational examination, rather than accepting the claims of ecclesiastical authority.

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Kartka z dziejów żydowskiej prasy dla dzieci i młodzieży... w okresie autonomii galicyjskiej

Author(s): Sabina Kwiecień / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2015

The article touches upon the issue of Jewish press for children and youth in the times of Galicia’s autonomy. Based on the available document sources, a list of magazines appearing in Galicia has been established. This list includes seven titles of the periodicals for children and youth. It was established that the main publishing centres were Krakow and Lviv, and the dominating language of the publications was Polish. The predominant ones were monthly magazines and publishings addressed to the youth, and amongst them the magazines of Zionistic and assimilation groups. The analysis convinces that the Jewish press for children and youth is a valuable source material and some of the titles should expect a more in-depth monographic elaborations.

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Prasa żydowska w języku polskim w Krakowie w latach 1918–1939

Author(s): Sabina Kwiecień / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2003

Cracow's Jewish press of the inter-war period was carefully researched and described by Czesław Brzoza. This paper deals with Jewish newspapers published in Polish in Cracow in the years 1918-1939. Titles written in Polish dominated Cracow's market of Jewish newspapers, as they constituted 52% of the published material. They included dailies, weeklies, fortnightly publications, monthlies and a magazine published twice a week. Jewish press in Polish was rather ephemeral, as 50% of the titles failed to survive for more that one year; in some cases only the first or several first issues appeared. Only one paper continued to be published over the whole inter-war period. It is worth noticing that the Jewish press written in Polish dealt with a great number and variety of topics. It was dominated by newspapers of political parties and organisations. Associations and groups of professionals had their organs; newspapers were published by youth organisations connected with political parties. There were socio-cultural newspapers and dailies. There was one magazine for children. Analysis of the content shows that the papers devoted a lot of time and space to politics, economy and Polish-Jewish relations. Numerous political polemics, postulates for the improvement of Poland's economic condition prove that the Jewish community was involved in the matters of the whole country. Cultural and ideological differences presented in the papers were to help in the fight against religious and national intolerance. Political positions, ideological and philosophical polemics mirrored the process of change taking place in Jewish political life. Jewish press written in Polish, apart from the variety of topics, had innovative editorial forms.

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Corporate Social Responsibility and The Talmudic Principle of Going Beyond the Requirements of The Law: The Cornerstone of Ethics

Author(s): Hershey H. Friedman,Abraham Fried,David Gelb / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The Talmud blamed the destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple on the Romans because people insisted on following the strict letter of Torah law and not doing more than the law required. This paper will demonstrate the importance of stressing going beyond the requirements of the law — lifnim mishurat hadin — if an individual or organization is genuinely concerned about ethical values. There has been much discussion in the literature about corporations engaging also in activities that further social good, referred to as Corporate Social Responsibility, and not focusing exclusively on maximizing shareholder wealth. In this paper, we present an argument for an ethical framework, for individuals as well as corporations, that entails acting beyond the strict requirements of the law.

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Синагоги и синагогални надписи в Античността

Author(s): Petаr Gramatikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The synagogue is the center of the life of the Jewish community in any part of the world. The name comes from the Greek „gathering”, „gathering place” and denotes a Jewish community of believers, a house of prayer. They did not compete with the temple, but to some extent were its emanation

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Patronage, Sectarianism, and Cultural Hegemony: Historical Speculations on the Socio-Cultural Background of the Hebrew Bible

Author(s): Emmanuel Pfoh / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Patronage relationships have been ethnographically found at many locations in the Middle East during the second half of the twentieth century but also detected in ancient Near Eastern sources in more recent times, in every case mostly in connection with political situations. Patronage, however, also operates at the level of mentalities and its expression is equally discovered in worldviews of different cultures. This condition may therefore be observed as well in textualized mental expressions like the Hebrew Bible. In cases exposing sectarianism in the biblical stories, we may assert that patron-client bonds are taken by ancient scribes as the key mode for illustrating domination, subordination and in general an ontological order, transcending socio-politics and impacting also on what we would analytically deem a socioreligious imagination and its ulterior conceptual derivations. This paper seeks to relate clues and examples of patronage and sectarianism in the Hebrew Bible while focussing on their sociocultural background. These expressions, in the history of the production of the biblical texts, would end up manifesting a particular cultural hegemony of a biblical ontology articulated by patronage dynamics in the southern Levant since the Persian period, but especially in connection with the Hasmonean rise to power, centred in Jerusalem.

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Uticaj jevrejskog identiteta na prozni opus Danila Kiša

Author(s): Sanja Domazet / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 26/2024

Although the basic postulate in the non-fiction statements of the writer Danilo Kish was that he was primarily a European writer, a deeper insight into the prose work of this author indicates that Judaism and Jewish origin had a strong influence on the work of this creator. Namely, the Jewish world is a prose narrative that is frequent, even predominant, in Danilo Kish. When writing his works, Kish contextualized his own origin and the corpus of topics he dealt with, first of all, as Central European, and to a lesser extent as Jewish. He points out that he is first and foremost a European writer, because Yugoslavia, the country he came from, belongs to Europe, and its culture and literature are European. In a narrower sense, Kis felt himself indebted to Central Europe, and the Hungarian milieu he met in his childhood, knowledge of the Hungarian language and literature, had a decisive influence on the writer. This paper, through the analysis of Kish’s prose oeuvre, will show that, although, in a spiritual sense, Kish moved from Yugoslavia to Central Europe, his entire prose narrative, themes, atmosphere, way of forming characters, composing novels and prose dramaturgy, is of key importance influence of Jewish heritage and Judaism.

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Zvláštní vlastnost a „božská vlastnost“ v díle Jedaji ha Pniniho

Author(s): Hana Budíková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2024

This paper analyses the concept of “divine property” in the context of the works of Yeda’yah ha Penini, a Jewish Aristotelian and Averroist philosopher living at the turn of the fourteenth century in southern France. Specific property in Aristotelian philosophical terminology refers to property shared by one species. In medical and mystical literature, it means a specific property of an unusual nature that is difficult to perceive by the senses. I demonstrate that three original concepts of specific properties can be found in Yeda’yah’s conception: (1) a specific property that accounts for individual differences between individuals, (2) a specific intellectual property that is shared by a small group of intellectually gifted ones, and finally (3) a specific divine property that is a power which God places into things. I point out that he connects it to a teleological structure which helps to understand the emergence of new life out of inanimate matter.

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