Историческите митове за Русия и българо-руските отношения в съвременното българско общество – обобщение на анкета

Author(s): Iskra Baeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The article presents the results of an inquiry conducted among historians and non-historians in the framework of an international research project. The purpose of the survey is to examine the attitude of modern Bulgarian society to Russia/Soviet Union/Russian Federation and its role in Bulgarian history. Respondents answered questions related to the more general problem of the role of myths in history in general and those related to Russia in particular; how myths are born; which factors contribute to their public dissemination; which moments in history are most distorted or falsified in textbooks and in the media; who is interested in this; Is it possible to demythologize the Bulgarian-Russian relations. The inquiry showed the deep differences in Bulgarian society towards Russia. The majority of Bulgarians have a strong emotional attitude towards it, regardless of whether they express negative or positive feelings. And this division is manifested in all professions, ages, social groups. The survey gives grounds to conclude that despite the profound changes from the years of transition and the reorientation of Bulgaria to Western institutions, Bulgarian-Russian relations continue to be important for the Bulgarian society.

Комшулукът (културно-историческото наследство на толерантността и съжителството)

Author(s): Veselin Tepavicharov,Nadezhda Zhechkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020

This article focuses on the daily experience of tolerance between different ethnic and religious communities in Bulgaria. The modern political uses of ethno-religious differences, in our opinion, do not lead to the need to discover new mechanisms of coexistence, but require the study of already acquired historical experience and the interweaving of these methods in new realities.

Nationalization of the Russian Army on the Romanian Front in 1917 – 1918

Author(s): Artem Papakin / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2020

At the end of 1917 and the beginning of 1918, the process of the nationalization of army units took place on the Romanian Front of the Russian army. In conditions of army disintegration, in order to keep the front fighting against the Central Powers, the Russian Command planned to create two Ukrainian, two Polish, one Muslim corps, as well as Belarusian, Lithuanian, Moldovan, and Siberian military units. During the nationalization of troops on the Romanian Front, the entire corps and divisions, as well as smaller military units were given over to Ukrainization, Polonization, Muslimization, etc. Based on archival documents, the article identifies the numbers of major military units, smaller units and subdivisions intended for nationalization, and traces the course of nationalization. The causes of failures of the nationalization process were determined, and the fates of the nationalized formations of the Romanian Front were traced.

Задграничното строителство на „Техноекспортстрой“ през 60-те – 80-те години на ХХ в.

Author(s): Irina Grigorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020

Technoexportstroy has long been publicly considered as an extraordinary successful company, with a high contribution to the social and economic progress of the developing countries recently liberated from their colonial or mandate status, as well as a provider of generous foreign currency incomes to the state treasury. This romantic image has been sustained by Todor Zhivkov public statements, too. This paper aims to explore the scale and profitability of the company’s performance, the opportunities it had and whether the latter led to breakthroughs or losses, the extent to which the reported results were due to an independent initiative and activity. In order to achieve these goals, a critical analysis has been performed, comparing the data in the preserved archival documents of the organization with those of the BCP leadership, the Ministry of Foreign Trade, as well as with the information in some foreign specialized sources, which, also based on their economic interest in the developing countries, had been publishing up-to date information about the contracts signed for the construction of industrial sites.

Синурнамето на Кричим от средата на XV в.

Author(s): Damian Borisov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020

The text aims to present a translation of a document from September 1451, defining the boundaries of the land of Krichim as mulk of the Grand Vizier Chanderli Khalil Pasha, contextualizing the information in it with the published and commented so far about the region as the economic base of the mulk. Waqf, as well as a horizontal structure in which interactions between the settlement and the network of religious infrastructure are visible.

Philosofia Picta.On the Reception of the Neo-Platonism of Florence in Buda.

Author(s): Edina Zsupán / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

La présente étude analyse une enluminure du bréviaire de Domonkos Kálmáncsehi (Országos Széchényi Könyvtár, Cod. Lat. 446), daté vers 1481 et rédigé à la cour du roi Matthias Corvinus. Sur le f. 88v, une image décorative et surprenante a été insérée dans une série d’illustrations consacrées à la Vierge : deux couples nus font l’amour autour d’une fontaine. L’auteure considère qu’il ne peut pas s’agir de l’amour vulgaire et pécheur (nuditas criminalis), ni d’une fonction strictement ornementale. Puisque la cour de Buda était influencée par les modes de la Renaissance florentine, notamment par le néoplatonisme de Ficino, il est fort possible que l’image doive être décryptée selon l’interprétation de Panovsky sur la diffusion de la conception ficinienne de l’amour dans les milieux humanistes, surtout si l’on considère que l’un des amis de Ficino, Francesco Bandini, était arrivé à la cour de Buda en 1476. Dans ce cas, les deux couples enlacés ne représenteraient pas l’amour charnel en tant que péché, mais la force génératrice de l’amour sur terre. Selon l’interprétation ficinienne du Symposium, l’amour est l’expression même de l’émanation du pouvoir divin, qui crée le monde dans sa beauté.

Балканы между войнами и миром в Новое и Новейшее время

Author(s): Konstantin V. Nikiforov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2020

The article provides a brief description of the history of the Balkans in Modern and Recent times. At the beginning of this period, the Balkans became part of the pan-European international system. First as an object, and then more and more of its subject. After the Berlin Congress, many Balkan countries gained independence, and during the First Balkan War, for the first time in history, the Balkan states acted together and independently, and not to support certain actions of the great powers. The Balkan allies were even called the “seventh great power”. However, at the same time, almost all the Balkan states experienced national disasters. Their return to Europe turned out to be incomplete and the lag behind the advanced part of the continent did not decrease either then, or in the interwar or post-war periods. It remains today, despite the accession of most of the Balkan countries to the European Union.

Russophobia Rossica

Author(s): Darina Grigorova / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2020

The conception of ‘Russophobia’ has traditionally been interpreted as an external phenomenon directed against Russia, no matter in what form it occurred or whether it was directed against pan-Slavism, in the nineteenth century, against Sovietism, in the twentieth century, or against Putinism, in the 21st century. However, there is also Russophobia as an internal, Russian-specific feature, which is the topic of this article. Our research focuses on the interesting phenomenon of Russophobia in Russia, a term coined as early as the nineteenth century by the diplomat Fyodor Tyutchev, better known for his poetry. Based on historical texts from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries found in memoirs, diaries, correspondence and journalistic clippings of Fyodor Tyutchev, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Pyotr Chaadaev, Vladimir Pecherin, Igor Shafarevich, Victor Astafiev, Nathan Eydelman, Alexander Panarin, Valeriy Rastorguev, Andrey Fursov and others, the author has created a typology of Russian Russophobia. The Russophobia in Russia is a Russocentrism, however, with a reverse sign, a combination of “phobias” that manifest themselves, to varying degrees and in different combinations, but have always been around, such as Christianophobia (fear of the Church); Politiophobia (fear of the state); Slavophobia (fear of pan-Slavism); Sovietophobia and Russophobia (fear, alienation from what is Russian).

Документални свидетелства за годината на раждане на Васил Левски

Author(s): Grigor Boykov,Plamen Mitev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

Bulgarian historiography did not find to date a documentary source based evidence that firmly establishes 6 July 1837 as the birth date of Vasil Levski. Therefore, other hypotheses placing the birth of Levski in 1846 or 1843 have lately been put forward. The present article examines data from the population registers of Karlovo, kept in the Ottoman archives in Istanbul, and argues that 1840 is Vasil Levski’s most probable birth date.

Свищовските търговци предприемачи през Възраждането: опит за просопографски портрет

Author(s): Ivaylo Naydenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The aim of the text is to create a prosopographical portrait of the merchant-entrepreneurs from the Danubian town of Svishtov during the Bulgarian National Revival period. I will shed light on merchants’ family background, education, individual qualities, etc. Most of the merchants were born in Svishtov. On the other hand, there are persons who fled from their native places and settled down in Svishtov. Some of them chose to settle in Svishtov in order to find better prospects for professional realization and peaceful life. Often these people are not highly educated, although there are some exceptions. Despite the lack of high and/or specialized education, they compensate with their individual qualities such as natural intelligence, resourcefulness, diligence, perseverance and honesty. They used “strategic marriages” to preserve, and to extend their wealth. They created entrepreneurial networks through which exchanged information with their relatives, acquaintances and friends. They used commercial and personal letters. Some of them were fluent in foreign languages. They used different kinds of commercial ledgers. They managed to benefit from the advantages brought to them by the economic situation in the 18th and 19th centuries. All of them participate, according to their abilities, in the public life of their native Svishtov.

Държавата и временно работещите в Либия българи през 70-те години на ХХ век

Author(s): Nadya Filipova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The publication examines the policy of the Bulgarian state towards the Bulgarian specialists working in Libya and the reactions of the employees to the regulatory norms and circumstances. The increase in the number of Bulgarians aspiring to work in Libya is analyzed in the context of the legal and socio-economic conditions in Bulgaria, the contract clauses for hiring, and their application in practice in addition to the growing needs and possibilities of the Libyan state to hire qualified personnel. The forms of control of the Bulgarian state towards the Bulgarians working abroad, and the attempts to protect their interests, and to create propitious living environment are studied. The behavior of Bulgarians in Libya is presented in the context of the general conditions for residence and work in Libya. The research is based on archival sources of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Bulgaria for the Cold War period and on an unprocessed file of the Bulgarian Communist Party archive.

Gra w antykomunizm. Przyczynek do analizy dyskursu

Author(s): Adam Ostolski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

This paper aims to map function(s) and genealogies of anticommunist discourses in Poland after 2015. It is done through a critical review of existing academic literature, a comparative contrast with pre-2005 situation (the period of the postcommunist cleavage), and an analysis of selected samples of contemporary anticommunist discourses, embedded in the theoretical premises of Laclau and Mouffe’s theory of hegemony. The analysis leads to the conclusion that „anticommunism” is a floating signifier shared by several competing discourses rather than being a sign of a unified anticommunist hegemony, that anticommunist themes express and impress a critical memory of the neoliberal transition period rather than that of the Polish People’s Republic, and that the dominance of anticommunist discourses contributes, on both sides of the political cleavage, to the undermining of the democratic political logic.

O budowaniu państwa

Author(s): Maja Biernacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

This essay is dedicated to a book written by Tomasz Rawski titled "Boszniacki nacjonalizm. Strategie budowania narodu po 1995 roku" (Eng.: "Bosniac nationalism. Nation-building strategies after the year 1995") which was published by Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar in the year 2019. Basing on an analysis of contemporary politics of memory in Bosnia and Herzegovina relating to the 1992–1995 war, the author presents two antagonistic nation-building strategies.

За деня на раждане на Васил Левски

Author(s): Vidin Sukarev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The article concerns the recently published study by Plamen Mitev and Grigor Boykov about the year of birth of the Bulgarian national hero Vasil Levski. The authors firmly established 1840 instead of hitherto accepted 1837. The new evidences about the birth year of Levski require also a revision of the birth day. The article proposes that the Apostle of Freedom was born on 9/21 of July 1840.

Нови данни за дюлгерите, работили в Копривщица през XIX век

Author(s): Svetlana Muhova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The article introduce poorly researched or completely unknown documents, revealing many unknown data about the builders of public buildings in Koprivshtitsa in the period 1817 – 1858. The obscurity of the information contained in this rich source material, creates a great void in our knowledge and sometimes leads to repeated inaccurate or unreliable information, based on uncertain memoirs. The article present the data from the documents containing the names of the people who created wonderful examples of the Bulgarian Revival architecture in Koprivshtitsa in the XIX century.

Някои факти и процеси, свързани с турското население в Разградски окръг от края на 50-те и през 60-те и 70-те г. на ХХ в. през документите на българската Държавна сигурност

Author(s): Dimitar Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

From the late 1950s and in the 1960s and 1970s the Bulgarian communist party pursues a policy in Bulgaria of detachment of the Turkish population in the country from its fundamental religious and cultural environment. This article discusses some facts and processes from this policy of the Bulgarian communists in the Razgrad district. Basically, this is done through documents of the Bulgarian state security (from the Committee for Disclosing the Documents and Announcing Affiliation of Bulgarian Citizens to the State Security and Intelligence Services of the Bulgarian National Armed Forces). Documents from Bulgarian central state archives were also used. In this region among the Turks operates the Turkish intelligence services. The Turkish propaganda is very well developed here. The Bulgarian government and Turkey use the Turkish population in the Razgrad district (also in whole Bulgaria) for their own purposes. In the long run this population, not only in the Razgrad district, but also in the entire country becomes “a burning issue” in the political relation between Bulgaria and Turkey –two countries separated by the ideological conflict of the Cold War.

Как да изследваме количествено динамиките на революции, бунтове и протести? Анализът на колективни събития

Author(s): Ivaylo Dinev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

The article presents one of the traditional methods in the social sciences for the research and explanation of long-term historical processes such as revolutions, riots, uprisings, protest cycles and waves – the analysis of the collective events. The steps in collecting and coding a quantitative database, the types of sources, procedures, techniques and potential biases are discussed. The application of the method in historical science is illustrated by Sidney Tarow's study of the protest cycle in Italy in the 1960s and 1970s. The end of the article contains some of the most popular publicly available databases for collective mobilizations indifferent historical periods and describes possible directions for historical research.

Един различен поглед към морското образование в България

Author(s): Tina Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

Ранномодерна Европа: граници и противоречия

Author(s): Lubomir Krastev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

Най-добрият опит „Oпит за история…“ на д-р Симеон Табаков да стигне до своите съвременни читатели

Author(s): Ivan Rusev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

Tabakov, S., 2020. Opit za istoria na grad Sliven, Vol. I (third edition), Sofia:BARAKA, pp. 732