Възпитание на страха. Опит за автобиографично изследване на детството по време на комунизма

Author(s): Evgenia Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2016

The text presents an ego document – an attempt of autobiographical research of childhood during communism. It was the time of the totalitarian fear in all spheres. Fear not even from a specific power but a fear from some anonymous unclear substance most often perceived as “they”. All of the social strata feared – the former bourgeoisie and the new ruling class, the victims and their executors. We also feared – we feared from ourselves. Fear was in the air. The most natural reaction after the end of communism was the oblivion of fear. The oblivion pushed the debate about communism into the periphery of memory and society. And in the freed space the nostalgia settled down.

Deset krátkých zastavení nad možnostmi a mezemi (české) orální historie

Author(s): Pavel Mücke / Language(s): Issue: 02/2013

Most people believe it is simple and straightforward to ask their parents or grandparents about August 1968, the Velvet Revolution, or even just whether during the era of ‘Real Socialism’ bananas were indeed so hard to get and what it actually implied. Yet between simple questions about the past and a scientific applicability of answers which are given spans a relatively wide and rather complicated gap. Especially in the last twenty years, oral history became in the Czech environment a very popular method, used by various individuals, institutions, and non-profit organisations with the aim of mapping recent history. Yet its spread also poses various questions and brings some fundamental theoretical and practical problems. What is debated is the ‘scientific’ value of the method, limits of its applicability, possibilities of combining it with other methods, etc. There is no general consensus as to whether spoken word is a specific historical source and even whether oral history is a method or a sub-discipline of historiography. Upon a closer look, it may seem that in this area, there are more questions than answers. We view the following papers as contributions to a ‘discussion about a method’. We have addressed several important Czech institutions or individual linked to important projects in this field and asked them to formulate in writing their views of the problems of oral history. The following three contributions, which in a way represent the activities of particular institutions, contain mainly reflections of the author’s own experiences and difficulties. Pavla Frýdlová wrote her contribution after several years of work in an international project ‘Women’s Memory’. Jana Poláková shows limitations of this method in connection with her work in the Museum of Roma Culture, and Pavel Mücke is a representative of the Centre of Oral History of the Institute of Contemporary History of the Academy of Science of the Czech Republic. The last contribution, Jan Gruber’s, focuses on the abovementioned wide popularity of oral history.

NASLJEĐE MILMANA PARRYJA (UZ 70. GODIŠNJICU SMRTI)

Author(s): Zlatko Čolaković,Albert Bates / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 31-32/2005

1. veljače 1986. godine snimio sam na magnetofon razgovor s Albertom Lordom povodom 50-te godišnjice smrti Milmana Parryja (1902- 1935) u prostorijama Zbirke Milman Parry (The Milman Parry Collection of Oral Literature), na najgornjem katu biblioteke Widener. Tekst koji slijedi pripremio je sam pokojni Albert Lord za tisak, a na temelju moje transkripcije ovog razgovora. Magnetofonska vrpca ove snimke, kao i moja transkripcija na engleskom, te Lordova rukopisna edicija teksta i sam natipkani tekst, naslovljen The Legacy of Milman Parry, čuvaju se u Zbirci Milman Parry na Harvardu.

Bosnia!

Author(s): Milan Malić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

I am a simple foreman. I had worked with metal my entire life in all kinds of factories throughout the country. I would be honored if you could publish this work of mine, now forged out of words instead of metal, in your magazine The Spirit of Bosnia.

BOSNA!

Author(s): Milan Malić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 2/2017

Običan sam metalac. Radio sam s metalom čitav život u raznovrsnim tvornicama širom zemlje. Bio bih počastvovan ako biste mogli objaviti ovaj moj rad, ovog puta kovan riječima a ne od metala, u Vašem časopisu Duh Bosne.

Az emlékeink olyasvalamik, amelyekért hálásnak kell lennünk

Author(s): Anikó Vargáné Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2009

„Etyczny zwrot” w polskiej historii mówionej

Author(s): Jakub Gałęziowski,Joanna Urbanek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 07/2017

The authors draw attention to the need for an in-depth discussion about ethical issues in the oralist’s workshop which would, in the future, lead to the creation of a code of good practice, regulating the principles of conducting oral history interviews, their archiving, and subsequent use. In the social sciences in Poland, psychologists, especially psychotherapists, have similar codification, hence the comparison of their rules with the challenges of oralists. The recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Sciences (WMA) and guidelines of the Council for International Organizations of Medical Societies (CIOMS) as well as foreign associations for oral history practitioners can also be an example. Following the example of groups dealing with spoken history in Western Europe and in the United States, placing greater emphasis on the ethical context in research will certainly strengthen the paradigm of this young science field in Poland.

Czy istnieje życiorys mówiony? O przenikaniu gatunków mówionych i pisanych – próba genologii na przykładzie analizy wypowiedzi autobiograficznych

Author(s): Maria Rudnicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 07/2017

The author of the article discusses the subject of a spoken biography.These considerations are based on recordings of the accounts of the witnesses to history, gathered in the Oral History Archive of the „Remembrance and Future” Center. The free narratives of the witnesses are analyzed using the structure of a written biography, the basic elements of which are identified using the statements of individual people. On this basis, the author concludes about the existence of a spoken biography as a specific way of telling about the course of one’s own life, which the interlocutors unconsciously construct as a written equivalent. The background of the analyzes isa discussion of theoretical literary studies on the genre as a text patternand the characteristics of the basic differences between written and spoken language.

EDITING PROCEDURES IN STUDS TERKEL’S ORAL HISTORIES

Author(s): Lucie Kučerová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

The paper is concerned with the work of Studs Terkel (1912-2008), a Chicago-based radio interviewer and popular oral historian. During his long life, he personally interviewed thousands of people from all over the USA, and he published his interviews in the form of written narratives in his oral history books. The paper focuses on Terkel’s approach to editing the words of his interviewees and identifies four different editing procedures applied by Terkel. As illustrated on several examples from Hard Times: An Oral History of the Great Depression, these procedures significantly altered the form of the original utterances of the interviewees, which prompts the question of who the author of the texts really is.

Neskutečný příběh Věry Sosnarové

Author(s): Adam Hradilek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2019

With her stories of the atrocities that she experienced in the gulag, Vera Sosnarova has overshadowed the last few witnesses of the Soviet forced labour camps in our country. She has also been honoured by Parliament, which proposed that the President award her the Medal of Heroism in May 2018. One of the reasons for this was that she organises talks where she tells her authentic life stories, as she and her mother and sister were dragged to the Soviet Union by soldiers of the Red Army. For nineteen years she faced abuse and inhuman conditions. She also described her story in her book entitled The Bloody Strawberries … Is she really entitled to the award? The study tries to answer this question.

Importanța toponimiei în cunoașterea trecutului

Author(s): Constantin Matasă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: I/1968

Acest articol ia în discuție importanța toponimiei pentru cunoașterea trecutului.

CSIER - 40 de ani (1977 - 2017). Interviu cu dr. Lya Benjamin (24 noiembrie 2017). Anexă documentară

Author(s): Natalia Lazăr / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2 (18)/2017

In 1977, the Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania founded a research department, the History Center (known today as the Center for the Study of Jewish History in Romania - CSIER). The initiative to establish the Center, which was initially called the „Laboratory for the Study of the History of the Jews in Romania” and later had several other names, belonged to Professor Alexandru Vianu. Currently, Dr. Lya Benjamin has been working at CSIER for the longest time, since 1987. The interview focuses on how it was to be a researcher in the 1980s and reflects the realities of that period.

ORGANIZAREA INTERIORULUI CASEI TRADIŢIONALE ŢĂRĂNEŞTI DIN CÂMPIA OLTENIEI

Author(s): Anca Ceaușescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XIV/2013

The interior organization of a traditional peasant’s dwelling was made in a tight connection with the plan and the dimension of the house. The number and the functions of the rooms determine the content and the way in which the component elements are distributed. The interior of the peasant’s house gathers different categories of objects with a functional and decoration character. Therefore, it is constituted in an essential component of the popular civilization. The most important element, through its signification, use and architecture is the fireplace. The beds, the cupboards for the dishes or food, the table, the chairs, the wooden or metal stands and other items represent the furniture, specific for the interior of a traditional peasant’s house from Oltenia.

GRÂUL – MATERIE HRĂNITOARE ŞI ELEMENT RITUAL CU VALENŢE SIMBOLICE ÎN PRACTICILE DIN OLTENIA

Author(s): Loredana Maria Grozoiu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XIV/2013

In the Oltenian ethnographic space, the ritual element that concentrates a well-defined symbolism is the wheat. Particularized and identified through an exceptional cultural background, the wheat gathers a multitude of symbols and values, meant to harmonize all the existential sides, in this way preparing, auspiciously, the entering into a new order. At the level of the collective thinking, the wheat gains symbolic values, being always present in performing the ritual and ceremonial sequences, during the various holidays or the customs that belong to our lives. Its rather prosperous ritology, recommend it as a symbol of the rebirth, renovation and also fertility.

Ragaszkodjunk a sajátunkhoz

Author(s): Gyula Hodossy,Ildikó Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2022

In this extensive discussion, the poet and cultural organiser Gyula Hodossy talks about the cultural-literary relations of the few years before the regime change and the two decades that followed, and especially about his own role and activities in this field.

Jadwiga Mycielska-Stachura: Húszéves koromig éltem Újlakon

Author(s): Imre Molnár,Dezső Zsigmond / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2022

My uncle, János Esterházy, was a very warm-hearted, nice man who did a lot of good in his environment. For this good he had to suffer a lot. Because of this suffering, my mother suffered with him too.

Koncept spontánnej autobiografie – Inšpirácia orálnej histórie folkloristikou

Author(s): Hana Hlôšková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2021

Autobiographical narratives and narrative interviews are among the so-called egodocuments as one of the sources of oral history. The methodology of oral history considers the so-called narrative interview. The paper characterizes the results of folkloristics in Slovakia on the topic of narrative interpretation of the past. The aim of the paper is also to characterize the concept of spontaneous autobiography and to introduce it into professional discourse within the methodology of oral history. This concept, based on empirical experience and theoretical conclusions of folkloristics, emphasizes the personality of the narrator and his authentic self-expression in the most natural narrative situations. He points to the principle of narrator authentication, which thematically and genre-wise constructs the narrative image of the past as freely as possible. The researcher thus obtains data on topics, periods, attitudes, which in his narrated life story the narrator considers relevant and worthy of narrative representation.

Křimické zelí, kulinární tradice a badatelský dějepis aneb Rodinná paměť a její využití ve výuce 1

Author(s): Naděžda Morávková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2021

The study presents the possibilities of using oral history research methods withinthe school teaching of history. This is a teaching project in which students findout in an interview with witnesses about the culinary heritage of the Pilsen regionand the popularity of traditional cabbage from Krimice. The output of theresearch is both the student survey itself and the didactic goal – the creation ofcompetencies that lead to the building of civic literacy of the generation of thetwenty-first century.

Eticko-právní, technické a metodologické aspekty orálně-historického výzkumu za pandemické doby na příkladu projektu „Čeští Rusové a křižovatky moderních a soudobých dějin: životopisná interview“

Author(s): Igor Zavorotchenko,Irina Šulc / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2021

The research project was started on April 1, 2020 and is designed for 3 years. Thefocus on the Russian community arose from the certain lacuna that exists in theCzech common consciousness regarding the historical memory of the representativesof the given community. It is important that the research is based on thekey issues of the modern Czech-Russian history: 1) the Czechoslovak Legion inRussia (1914–1918) and the Russian emigration in Czechoslovakia; 2) the liberationof Czechoslovakia and Prague (1944–1945); 3) the invasion of WarsawPact troops into Czechoslovakia (1968); 4) the Velvet Revolution (1989) and thecollapse of the USSR. During the research, a number of ethical, legal, methodological,and technical issues occurred. The article provides an overview of waysto solve it. One of the important questions is: How does the form of the interview(present/distance) affect the length and number of interviews? In addition,questions will be asked and answered about the technical problems of remoterecording and transcription, the difference in the length of the autobiographicalnarrative among different generations, audio-visual recording as opposed toaudio recording.

Bukor Ádám kórlegyőző útja a cali vb-aranyakig

Author(s): Károly J. Mészáros / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2023

An in-depth interview with the Slovakian-Hungarian finswimmer, winner of several world championship titles, on the active sportsman´s triumph over cancer and his worldwide successes.