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Курганная группа 3 Войцеховского могильника (по результатам исследований 2011—2012 гг.)

Author(s): Sergey D. Lysenko,Svetlana S. Lysenko / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In 2011, the Fastov archaeological expedition renewed the research on the barrow cemetery of the Komarov culture of the Trzciniec cultural circle. This cemetery is located on the border of the Zhitomir and Khmelnytsky regions of Ukraine, between the Miropol, Kolodyazhnaya and Kolosovka (the former Voytsehovka), on the left bank of the river Sluch. Earlier excavations on the site, included in archaeological literature under the name of the Voytsehovka cemetery, were conducted by S. S. Gamchenko (1924) and E. F. Lagodovskaya (1949), who studied 14 barrows in two barrowgroups. In 2011—2012 in the newly discovered barrow group no. 3 four barrows were excavated, containing the remains of seven burials. Based on radiocarbon dating and analysis of the ceramic complex, the barrows can be dated by the midddle — the third quarter of 2nd millennium BC. All the mounds were erected on the natural hills of the dune ridge occupied earlier by the settlement of the late Tripolye culture. The publication provides a detailed description of all objects studied in 2011—2012.

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Поселение эпохи поздней бронзы Мечетное-2 в среднем течении р. Северский Донец

Author(s): Alexey S. Probeygolova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In 2013, the expedition of Luhansk National University conducted rescue archaeological research at the Late Bronze Age settlement Mechetne-2 near Kamenka village in the Lugansk region, Ukraine. The remains of two stone buildings exposed to the intensive devastation were studied. The house-building traditions and ceramic assemblages belong to the Srubnaya (Timber-grave) cultural and historical community. The material found in the filling and on the floor of the buildings belongs to the early stage of Berezhnovka-Maevka Srubnaya culture.

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Булавки с пластинчатой головкой эпохи поздней бронзы с территории Украины

Author(s): Svetlana S. Lysenko / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Eight pins with a plate-shaped rhombic head, one mould for making such pins and one pin with a head in the form of a triangular flap were found on the territory of modern Ukraine. The distribution area of these types of pins does not go beyond the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the Dnieper Right Bank and the North-Western Black Sea region. The earliest finds of such pins are connected with the funerary complexes of the early and early classical stages of the Komarov culture of the Trzciniec cultural circle (the second quarter — the middle of the 2nd millennium BC). Later they spread to the area of the Sabatinovka-Noua-Coslogeni cultural circle (Dnieper Right Bank steppe, Moldova, Romania), where they are known in settlements and hoards of the third quarter of the 2nd millennium BC. This publication provides a detailed description of all the pins of these types, originating from the territory of Ukraine.

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Новочеркасский клад 1939 г. — эпонимный памятник предскифского периода

Author(s): Sergey B. Valchak / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article publishes a set of bronze items from the Novocherkassk hoard found in 1939 in the basin of the Lower Don. This hoard is one of the main archaeological complexes, which served as the basis for chronology of the pre-Scythian period. The finds are examined against a broad background of analogies related to the characteristic articles of the North Caucasus production centers in the second half of the 8th — the first half of the 7th cc. BC.

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Систематизация костно-роговой индустрии раннего железного века Поднестровья (на основе коллекции поселения Чобручи)

Author(s): Valentin B. Pankowski,Sergey A. Fidelski / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The paper aims to survey current systematizing developments for the osseous industries dated back to the 6th—2nd centuries BC in the Northwest Pontic area. These trends, however, appear to be applicable to any of the many worked-bone-containing parts in the whole archaeological oecumene. The readers are introduced to the classificatory concepts which only have been explicated in parts elsewhere. Basically, the North Pontic archaeologists definitely used to seek their worked bone archaeological record to be completely imposed into classification. Yet any kind of such classifications normally contains impermeable inherent limits set up by the researchers themselves, who usually face a scarcity of comprehensive expert data. Here, some special solutions to the problem are put forward based on systemic classificatory approach. The approach refers to the osseous raw material structures and the ways they have been transformed during manufacture. The technoclasses concept of adapting, modifying, and converting bone and antler during utilization goes back, in particular, to Andrei Borodovskiy’s technological systematics. The traceological studies, in turn, tend to embed all identifiable objects into a system, since many more different means of functional analysis would work as verifying methods. At the same time, the artefacts’ technical functions and the manners they were used are the issues of special research concern. Further, the ways past equipment including instruments, implements, and accessories might have affected on or interacted with objects and substances, resulted in rational shapes and use-wear patterns in artefacts. The entities of tools, devices, joints, furniture, andparaphernalia seem to be quite perceptive to the variability in worked bone and antler record. This kind of arrangement may have been flexibly changed in terms of its units and even sections hierarchy, whereas its principal ideas are here to stay with no need them to be rearranged.

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Состав вооружения и возможности культурной группировки (на материалах скифского времени Карпато-Подунавья)

Author(s): Denis A. Topal / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The division between the dimensional groups of blade weapons is conditional and, probably, the boundary between them can vary from one epoch to another. The analysis of variation series of such features as “total length” and “blade length” showed the heterogeneity of the sample (more than 800 ex.) and the existence of several functional standards. Five groups were distinguished: daggers (with a blade length of up to 21 cm), short swords (21—37 cm), medium swords (38—53 cm), long swords (54—75 cm) and extra-long swords (with a blade length in excess of 75 cm). Mapping of spearheads and axes also made it possible to reveal some regularities. It became obvious that it is possible to build a typological grouping of regions on the basis of the contents of weaponry and move from small cultural groups to cultural blocks, enclaves, communities of people who preferred similar types of weapons. The counting of the degree of similarity by the method of classification by unequal features demonstrated several such enclaves: “Carpathian” one, where the greatest degree of similarity was manifested between Western Podolian, Transylvanian and Moldavian groups. The main types for this enclave are a dagger or a short sword and an axe. The next, “Steppe” block includes the Lower Danube, Lower Dniester, South Carpathian and South Danubian groups, in which the spearheads and medium or long swords are widely distributed. The third, “Western” block united the Hungarian and Polish groups, for which the axes and spearheads are more characteristic.

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Надчеканки на статерах царя Фарзоя как источники исторической информации

Author(s): Mikhail M. Choref / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The study addresses such rare coins as King Pharzoius's staters, whose emissions are diverse and long-lasting. Countermarks on them stir special interest: two types of monograms and the image of dolphin. While the countermarks have not been studied and the abbreviations still not decoded, the author makes an attempt to shed light into these issues. As a result, he managed to identify Nero's and Galba's names' abbreviations. Countermarks with their names were struck on light-weight Pharzoius's staters, while dolphin could be struck on his full-weight gold coins, as ordered by the Olbian authorities.

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О времени появления славян на территории Молдовы

Author(s): Igor O. Gavritukhin,Michel Kazanski / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

A fibula of the Bratei (Bratei-Brigetio) type was found in the Slavic settlement of Selişte. The brooches of this type are common from Gallia to Don in the Great Migration period, most finds originate from the Middle Danube basin. This clasp belongs to the female costume of the East German tradition and dates back to the middle of the 5th century. Mirror from Hansca is of the Chmi-Brigetio type, spread from the Rhine to the Caucasus to Volga-Ural region. In this case, apparently, it dates back to the 5th century (like most mirrors of this type) and is associated with the early Slavic horizon. Perhaps, its presence in the Slavic settlement marks the time of the appearance of the Slavs in the territory of Moldova.

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Раннесредневековое поселение Стаево-4 в Верхнем Подонье

Author(s): Andrei M. Oblomskii,Jiři Hošek,Vladimir I. Zavyalov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The author publishes the results of studies on Stayevo-4 settlement (Michurinsk district, Tambov region). Ferrous metallurgy and black smithery were main occupations of the local population. The site yielded numerous iron artifacts and blacksmith tools. None of the unearthed structures used to serve as a dwelling. Most likely, the territory used to be metallurgists' and blacksmiths' production area. A series of decorations and elements of belt sets found here date this site by the second half of the 5th—7th centuries. The settlement is the latest of the sites of Chertovitskoe-Zamiatino type in the Upper Don region.The study revealed differences in chemical composition of slag samples from Istia-2 and Stayevo-4. The findings can be used to infer wether the slags and slag inclusions originated from Istia-2 or Stayevo-4.

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К изучению жeнcкиx украшений из могильника с трупосожжениями Пржитлуки культуры с керамикой пражского типа

Author(s): Dagmar Jelínková / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with some adornments from cremation graves of the Prague-type pottery culture (PTPC) in Přítluky. Written documents reveal that 3 graves yielded objects identifiable as bronze pendants. One grave contained a trapezoidal sheet-metal pendant with two rows of points at the lower edge, and fragments of another pendant, the second grave most probably contained fragments of a pendant of the same type, and the third grave yielded a part of an unspecified bronze pendant. Similar, mostly undecorated, trapezoidal pendants occurred, sometimes together with large trapezoidal pendants decorated with two rows of tiny points at their lower edge, in contexts of cultures of the Eastern European forest zone since the 5th century. Occurrence of such pendants among the finds of PTPC might represent a contribution of these cultures to emergence of new cultural units during migrations from the east to the west in the 2nd half of the 6th and in the early 7th century. The contacts in opposite west-eastern direction might be indicated by the occurrence of several Merovingian artefacts in Eastern Europe. Attention in this regard has been paid to buckles with trapezoidal shield with crosswise grooves at the base of the tongue, which occur with several cultures of the forest zone and one specimen was also found in a cremation grave of PTPC in the cemetery of Großprüfening, Bavaria.

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Берестяная отделка ножен раннесредневекового меча из Яблони

Author(s): Oleksii V. Komar / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The paper examines materials of the early medieval nomadic burial from Yablunya (grave 11, barrow 11) in the Berezan river basin (North-West Black Sea region). The grave was discovered in 1974 by the Ingul expedition led by O. G. Shaposhnikova and published later by R. S. Orlov with contradictory chronological, cultural and ethnic attribution.The fact that some fragments of scabbard and hilt made of organic materials have been preserved makes it an exceptional case. Thus, it is possible to reconstruct the outlook of weapons of ordinary nomads, to study the technology of birch bark lining, stylistic details of ornament and its links with the decoration of synchronous weapons from internments of nomadic nobility. Peculiarities of this funerary rite, as a whole, and analogies to the grave goods allow us to reconsider its attribution as an early Pecheneg site of the last quarter of the 9th century and qualify grave 11 of barrow 11 near Yablunya as Sivashovka type grave dated by the 2nd half of the 7th — early 8th centuries.

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Восточные корни древневенгерской культуры X в. и средневековая археология Восточной Европы

Author(s): Attila Türk / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Archaeological research on the early history of Hungarians has gone through considerable change during the past decades; a new, critical approach has emerged. The most recent inspection of the archaeological material shows only few and rather debatable connections to the Saltovo culture; however, the only recently identified Subotsci horizon near the Dnieper demonstrates much stronger links to the early Hungarian material culture. The origins of the Subotsci horizon, as well as the origins of Hungarian conquerors, point to the Volga-South Ural region.

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Об особенностях морфологии и декора «волынских серег» с тиснеными подвесками

Author(s): Svetlana S. Ryabtseva / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The “Volhynian type earrings” are typical for the full jewelry dress of the population of Eastern Europe in the 10th — the beginning of the 11th century. We put the attention for the decorations with a hollow pendant, welded from two halves, which we selected in type “A” of “Volhynian earrings”. Their production on the territory of Old Rus’ is confirmed by finds of dies from the burial of a jeweler in the Peresopnytsky cemetery in Volhynian and at the Gnezdovo settlement in the upper reaches of the Dnieper River. Outside Eastern Europe, such decorations are known from the territory of Poland, Hungary and Sweden.The studied items vary by overall dimensions, design of the rings and suspension. The rings are especially different in size and set the decorating parameters, whereas the suspension, for all its morphological differences, does not differ much in length. There are two variants for rings. The first is a smooth ring. The second one is a smooth ring, unchained in the lower part; one more element is attached to it, creating the effect of “lunula”. Rings with lunula are very characteristic for this type of jewelry. Variants with simple rings are less common, but they bring these products closer to other varieties of “Volhynian earrings”. Pendants are significantly different in proportion (there are more elongated, there are broad, squat) and decor characteristics. Judging by the sufficient variability of the pendants, there were quite a few masters with dies and skills for making these complex elitist ornaments.

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Курган 5 могильника Погоща как пример элитарного погребального комплекса конца Х — начала XI в. на северо-западе Полоцкой земли

Author(s): Mikalai A. Plavinski / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Pahoshcha barrow cemetery is located in the Braslau district of the Vitsebsk region of the Republic of Belarus. The study of the site was conducted throughout 2005—2009 by the archaeological expedition under the guidance of the author. Barrow 5 can be dated to the boundary of the 10th—11th centuries — the beginning or the first decades of the 11th century. The barrow contained two inhumation burials which were placed in some kind of wooden structure, probably made of boards. The main male burial is exceptionally rich in assortment of grave goods. Features of the burial rite make it possible to classify mound 5 to the circle of quasi-chamber burial antiquities of Ancient Rus.

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Пруто-Днестровское междуречье в контексте культурно-исторических связей окружающих регионов в середине V — середине XI вв.

Author(s): Roman A. Rabinovich / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

As a result of its unique geographical position, the Carpathian-Dniester region felt a strong impact from the cultural and historical worlds of neighboring regions in the period of 5th—11th centuries. Various peoples penetrated from neighboring regions at different times on the territory of its eastern part — in the Pruto-Dniester interfluve. Among them: Slavs, Turkic-Bulgarian peoples, Alans, Hungarians, representatives of different cultures: Luka-Raikovetskaya, Saltovo-Mayaki and Balkano-Danube. The appearance in the region of the West Slavic population had a particular importance and left antiquities of Echimăuţi-Alcedar type. The synthesis of the cultures of Echimăuţi-Alcedar and Luka-Raikovetskaya laid the basis for the formation of the Old Russian culture of the Prut-Dniester region in the 10th—11th centuries. The Ancient Russian culture of these region was not homogeneous by its origin and reflected the presence of all migration waves in the Dniester-Prut interfluve.

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Слово о Суждале: гипотеза О. Н. Трубачева в свете данных археологии, истории и топонимики

Author(s): Aleksey A. Romanchuk / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

O. N. Trubachev’s hypothesis is considered in the context of modern knowledge of archaeology and history, as well as in the context of toponomic landscape of the region. The author found out that the hypothesis refers to the knowingly later historical events, compared to the time of appearance of the oikonym. So, the hypothesis needs a significant modification, at least. Basing on the analysis of the toponomic context of the region, the author suggest that the appearance of the oikonym Suzdal was caused by the first wave of Slavic migration to the Volga-Klyazma region. This migration brought a toponomic model that consists of prefix Su- and final -ь to the region. The author also suggests that appearance of Suzdal as oikonym was preceded by use of Suzdal as a hydronym (the old name of the Kamenka river, presumably) or a toponym which named a larger topographical object (Suzdal high plains as a whole).

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К изучению закономерностей формирования русско-кочевнического пограничья в Среднем Подонье в IX—XVII вв.

Author(s): Mikhail V. Tcybin / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to revealing regularities of formation of the Russian-nomadic frontier in the Middle Don region based on the analysis of the geographical location of the archaeological sites of the 9th—17th cc. The sites of Slavic Borshevskaya culture (the end of the I Millennium AD) are located in the lower reaches of the Voronezh river and on the right Bank of the Middle Don (Central Russian upland). The sites of the Saltov culture are located on the right bank of the Middle Don, to the North of the Tikhaya Sosna river. The left bank of the Middle Don (the Oka-Don plain, Kalacska hill) was not an area of active colonization by the bearers of the Borshevskaya and Saltov cultures.In 12th — first half 13th centurie, the Russian population is documented in the lower reaches of the Voronezh river, Semiluki area reaches of the Don. Polovtsian nomads used to camp on the right bank of the Middle Don and do not spread beyond the South of the Tikhaya Sosna river and on the left bank of the Middle Don to the Bityug river.In the Golden Horde period, the Russian population colonized the left bank of the Middle Don. There is archaeological evidence of the coexistence of different ethnic groups. Nomadic sites do not extend to the North of the Tikhaya Sosna river, on the right bank of the Don river, and the mouth of the Voronezh river, on the left bank.Belgorod defensive line reproduces the line formed by the fortified settlements of Slavic Borshevskaya cultures on the rivers Don and Voronezh, and fortified settlements of the Saltov-Mayaki culture on the Tikhaya Sosna river. The left bank of the Middle Don in the 17th century, just like in the time before that, was still the region of the original colonization by the Russian population.

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Conflict or Coexistence: Steppe and Agricultural Societies in the Early Copper Age of the Northwest Black Sea Area

Author(s): Blagoje Govedarica / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The course of culture during the 5th millennium presents a distinct depiction of the specific character of the northwest Black Sea region and particularly its role as mediator between the various cultural worlds. This can be demonstrated and verified on the basis of the emergence and dissemination of the Group of “sceptre burials”. The example shows impressively how a culturally and socially affective unit could develop out of a culture historical indolent substrate. Thereby, of crucial relevance was the economic interaction with an advanced and foreign cultural sphere, which occurred in this geoculturally exposed borderland.

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О технике скола пластин болградского варианта культуры Гумельница

Author(s): Dmitry V. Kiosak,Leonid V. Subbotin / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The paper treats the selection of blades found on the five sites of Bolgrad variant of Gumelnita culture, situated in the southern Ukraine and Moldova close to the Lower Danube. It concentrates mainly on the different knapping technologies applied in blade production. Authors argue that they were mostly produced by punch technique and make an attempt to correlate the development of Eneolithic “large-blade” lithic industry and wide application of the indirect percussion on the chronological scale. Punch-produced blades entered Lower Danube region as ready-made items or as preforms. Early Eneolithic exchange was not limited to the objects involved in the definition of high social status. It could also bring “non-prestigious” everyday items to considerable distances.

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Innovationen und Wissenstransfer in der frühen Metallurgie des westlichen Eurasiens

Author(s): Svend Hansen / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

In dem Beitrag wird anhand der einschlägigen Funde dargelegt, daß sich die entscheidenden Innovationen der Metallurgie im 6. und 5. Jahrtausend (der Guß von Kupferobjekten, die Legierung von Metall und der Guß in verlorener Form) weitgehend synchron in einer geographischen Zone zwischen Balutschistan und Balkan vollzogen. Dies wird als das Ergebnis eines raschen Wissenstransfers interpretiert. Anhand frühneuzeitlicher Beispiele werden Aspekte der Spezialisierung und Mobilität von Handwerkern behandelt.

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