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Shakespeare is thought to be a monumental playwright and poet whose verbal genius largely makes up for a few troubling passages, or for a few « problematic plays » (as they are still conveniently called) which give a bit of tang or perhaps only very little undermine a fundamentally orthodox political, religious and philosophical message. This paper does not claim to deny this. Rather, it lays emphasis on Shakespeare’s dark – yet undeniable – side. Claiming that Macbeth is evil but somehow admirable is not enough. One may perhaps put forward the idea that Macbeth is desperately wading, though unsuccessfully, towards some kind of Nietzschean realm beyond Good and Evil. One may perhaps, however briefly, suggest that with this character Shakespeare broaches the ontological question, that he senses a univocal and undifferentiated dimension of Being, but from a negative point of view.
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This text tries to underline the major meanings of the salvation and evil beginning from Nae Ionescu’s philosophy, especially his course on Faust – the matter of salvation in Faust of Goethe –, the Romanian philosopher being one of the most important figure of the intellectual elites during the Romanian interwar space, an outstanding personality that created the generation of Mircea Eliade, Vulcanescu, Cioran, Noica et alii. The matter of salvation has two essential meanings : a transcendental meaning and a spiritual meaning, inside the human being. Nae Ionescu lays stress on dual conception of Goethe : the evil as the necessity of being is not present at Goethe; there is the presence of evil as the absence of good – privatio boni (the Augustinian doctrine). The duality of Goethe’s feature is the reflection of two sorts of solutions : first of all, the knowledge and second of all, the living. In fact, this is sign of knowledge during the Renaissance as an identity between science and magic. In opposition to Wagner as the type of the non‑tortured scientist, Faust is the metaphysician overwhelmed with sorge (care). Oscillating between salvation – as the possibility of regaining the Absolute – and evil, Faust finishes by obtaining his "Das ewig Weibliche"
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This study aims to analyze the incapacity of language to define and express being. Bitterness is a fundamental state of being, both a sentiment and an attitude, a way to look at and to think of the world. We are trying to emphasize the way Cioran constructs a language of death in order to lay his being in it.
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« A pear for the thirst » is a french expression that means « ressources for the future ». It’s a battle of a poet against evil, the big evil, fanatism and obscurantism.
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