We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

5.90 €

Preview

BRINGING MAK INTO THE MAINSTREAM: TEXTUAL AND CULTURAL ISSUES IN TRANSLATING DIZDAR’S KAMENI SPAVAČ

Author(s): Francis R. Jones / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2001

"Mak Dizdar is generally recognised to be the leading poet of 20th-century Bosnia and Herzegovina. Like his contemporary Vasko Popa, Dizdar was a poet of major European stature, who mined the depths of his country’s culture and past, seeking not what was narrowly ethnic, but what was universally human. Yet Dizdar’s vibrant and original poetic voice is virtually unknown to the wider European reading public. Nor - unlike Popa, or his Central European contemporaries such as Holub or Milosz - has he had a fertilising effect on other poets in the English-reading world." (...)

More...

4.50 €

Preview

THE BOSNIAN QUESTION IN TEN PICTURES

Author(s): Vera Kržišnik-Bukić / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2001

The Bosnian paradigm represents a challenge for academic research and requires a multidisciplinary approach, with relevant perspectives chosen according to the particular subject-matter or theme. However, my own research interest in Bosnia is focused on the complex context of the Bosnian paradigm, on the totality of Bosnia. There are of course a number of pitfalls in the methods used in such academic research; however, a multidisciplinary approach to learning the "truth" on a social subject has long been my own fundamental research orientation. This article complements my political study of 1997 and an earlier historical overview (The Bosnian paradigm represents a challenge for academic research and requires a multidisciplinary approach, with relevant perspectives chosen according to the particular subject-matter or theme. However, my own research interest in Bosnia is focused on the complex context of the Bosnian paradigm, on the totality of Bosnia. There are of course a number of pitfalls in the methods used in such academic research; however, a multidisciplinary approach to learning the "truth" on a social subject has long been my own fundamental research orientation. This article complements my political study of 1997 and an earlier historical overview (Kržišnik-Bukić, 1996/1997). (...)

More...

4.90 €

Preview

POLITICAL INTEGRATION AND ECONOMIC RECONSTRUCTION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: THREE PATHS TO RECOVERY CONSIDERED

Author(s): Brad K. Blitz / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2001

Brad K. Blitz examines whether the Dayton Peace Agreement provisions might form a possible basis for de facto reunification of BiH. When writing (1998), Blitz felt that political and economic unification would be most likely following a political implosion of Republika Srpska; but that redistributive policies towards the regions, investment in education and economic R&D, and reduction in military expenditure would be key enabling factors. "The Dayton Peace Agreement (DPA) which ended the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina established a new federal arrangement through which two entities, the Muslim-Croat Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska (RS), would evolve towards economic integration. While institutionalizing internal political divisions, the DPA also leaves open the possibility that the entities may elect closer cooperation and even unification through greater inter-entity coordination and amendments to the federal constitution which appears as an appendix". (...)

More...

4.90 €

Preview

HUNTINGTON´S "CIVILIZATIONS": AN IRRELEVANT PARADIGM

Author(s): John B. Allcock / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2001

The author notes how, during the 1990s, US commentators constructed a false opposition between the European and Islamic worlds and totemised it with the label "clash of civilizations". Allcock points out how such a Manichean approach implies that a complex,multi-layered identity for the Bosniaks and Bosnia´s other citizens (European and Balkan, Christian and Islamic, etc.) is a historical anomaly, and that Bosnia´s fate is "sooner or later [to] be eliminated as the "fault-lines" [between civilizations] move". "Why Huntington? In the summer of 1993, in the journal Foreign Affairs, the American Historian Samuel P. Huntington published an article, "The clash of civilizations?", which has had a substantial impact upon discussion of the shape of international relations following the collapse of Soviet hegemony in Eastern Europe. The vigour of the debate which this piece stimulated is suggested by the publication shortly afterwards of a volume of critical responses to it (Huntington, 1996). Subsequently Huntington revised and elaborated his original thesis in a best-selling book The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (1997). Huntington´s book is of interest and importance for at least two reasons." (...)

More...

5.90 €

Preview

POLITICAL AND MORAL POWER: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STATE AND RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES

Author(s): Esad Ćimić / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2001

The author agrees that the problem for all three religious communities in BiH is the use of religious persuasion as a shibboleth of identity, and thus as a means of justifying political separateness. He argues that the solution is to uncouple the religious from the mundane: "for the contemporary state to be as secular as possible,and [...] religion to be as spiritual as possible". "There has been a kind of renaissance of religion in former Yugoslavia as regards its involvement in public life. There is an interconnection and even a direct link between the religious (predominantly moral) and the political (predominantly impregnated with social power). When clashes within society arise, religions - some to a greater, some to a lesser extent - do not hesitate to manifest their power by legalizing the use of violence in the areas dominated by politics. It is hard to refute the argument that every developed religion has at least three constituents: ideological, interpretative, and normative-directional". (...)

More...

4.50 €

Preview

IDENTITIES: BOSNIAN AND EUROPEAN, BOSNIAK AND MUSLIM

Author(s): Enes Karić / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2001

In his article the author equates Bosnian identity with loyalty to the Bosnian state, which he sees as the most effective guarantor of all three sub-identities (Bosnian Croat, Bosnian Serb and Bosniak). As for Bosniak identity, he sees it as having three components: one geographic (the European element), one religious (the Muslim element), and one historical (the fact that the Bosniak heritage reaches back through all phases of Bosnia´s history, not merely to its Ottoman/Muslim phase). "The Bosnian and European identities are not the Bosniaks´ only characteristics, but they, along with our Bosniak and Muslim identities, are among the most important. The Bosniaks, of course, are not the only ones in Bosnia who have both Bosnian and European identities, although during the recent turbulent years this has been the subject of heated debate. But one should be wary of conclusions arising from heated debates. In those difficult years, as a result of the harrying of Bosnia by Serb and Croat nationalists, many Bosniaks both within and outside Bosnia may have doubted that the Bosnian Croats, and especially the Bosnian Serbs, might also have a Bosnian identity." (...)

More...

4.90 €

Preview

TOWARDS A HISTORY OF LITERARY FORMS

Author(s): Nihad Agić / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2001

The article focuses on the relationship between literature and identity in BiH. The author examines the status of "Bosnian-Herzegovinan literature". Agić asks whether it is merely as an assemblage of three independent literary traditions (Bosniak, Croat and Serb), or - the model which he implicitly favours - whether there is a superstructure which both unifies the three Bosnian sub-traditions and sets literature written by Croats and Serbs apart from literature written in Croatia and Serbia proper.

More...

5.90 €

Preview

JOURNALISM AND MODERN ETHICS: TIM JUDAH AND ROY GUTMAN IN BOSNIA

Author(s): Keith Doubt / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2001

The author looks not at the ethics of tolerance but at the ethics of intervention. In a casestudy of U.S. reporting of the Bosnian war, Keith Doubt explores the implications of two contrasting stances. Holding to the "ethic of ultimate ends" means seeking long-term good, even if one´s actions cause short-term bad; whereas holding to the "ethic of responsibility" means seeing any long-term ethical aim as irrational and unfeasible, and looking only to what is doable in the short term. The least bad stance, Doubt implies, is one of ultimate ends tempered by responsibility, i.e. a quest for justice tempered by an attempt to reduce the bad consequences that this may bring about.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

EDITOR´S PREFACE

Author(s): Francis R. Jones / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2001

The title of this first Special Issue - Life at The Crossroads - reflects its underlying theme: that of multiplicity. All the articles here show that an individual´s sense of identity, of locality,of faith and of culture are complex constructs that operate on various levels simultaneously, with one level defining what distinguishes an individual from his neighbour and another level defining what he shares with his neighbour. Take identity, for instance: the nationalists would have us believe that it can be reduced to one simplistic feature, which defines all the layers of self of everyone who possesses it while excluding everyone who does not possess it. In reality, as the articles here demonstrate, people have multiple layers of loyalty: family, hometown, province, state, continent; profession, religion, ancestry, language; and so on. And even if the lines round some of these loyalties (e.g. Bosniak/Croatian/Serbian ancestry, Muslim/Catholic/Orthodox liturgy, Turkish/West-Slavic/Greek influences on lexis) run close enough together to be seen as sketching out a group identity, such identities are far from simple, and do not exclude other loyalties that are shared with members of other groups [...]

More...

4.50 €

Preview

A FRAME FOR THE PICTURE OF MY COUNTRY: AN OUTLINE FOR RESEARCH ON THE SERB NATIONAL QUESTION TODAY

Author(s): Miodrag Živanović / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2001

The author continues this wider exploration of identity by analysing the "Serb national question" within BiH. In pinpointing the role of ethnicised religious structures in creating an ethnonational myth, he echoes other authors from the present issue. Especially striking, however, is his devastating analysis of the condition of the Serb para-state within BiH; here he makes the crucial point that, in its hatred of the diversity that is a country´s life-blood, "nationalism [...] works in the first place against one´s own nation". "There are differing views on the reasons for Yugoslavia´s break-up, and on the relative importance of some of these reasons. But the "unresolved national question", as political theorists call it, is ranked high by nearly all commentators. In their haste to seek solutions, the peoples of our former state created crude ethnic statelets, with - as it would transpire later - the disastrous prejudice that "one state for one people" would automatically resolve the national question as well, and make everyone happy." (...)

More...

Download

NOTES ON AUTHORS

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2001

About the authors.

More...

5.90 €

Preview

THE BOSNIAN QUESTION AND THE WORLD

Author(s): Rusmir Mahmutćehajić / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2001

In " The Bosnian question and the world", Mahmutćehajić contrasts two world-views: modernity, which sees material development as the only good, and tradition, which stresses humankind´s wish to transcend the material world. The dangers come when the two are no longer in dialogue, leading to rampant selfishness on the one hand, and the sentimentalisation and totemisation of religion on the other. Mahmutćehajić then looks more closely at how a symbiosis between the mundane and the transcendental has enabled day-today co-existence within BiH. Co-existence, he argues, has lain at the core of the region´s different sacred traditions, whereas the threats to this co-existence have come from outside rather than inside the region. These threats have been backed up by nationalist, secular projects which ignore religion´s quest for transcendental unity between the mundane and the divine, seeking instead to exploit the earthly trappings of "ethnicized religions" as a means of defining communities in terms of what they do not share rather than what they share.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

THE PARADOXES OF BOSNIAN DENOMINATIONALISM

Author(s): Ivan Lovrenović / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2001

The author sees the bases of intolerance as lying within Bosnia, in the pre-modern division of society into ethno-religious communities during the Ottoman period. Lovrenović implies that tolerance lies in a rapprochement between religion and modernity. This, Lovrenović argues, began to take place during the later Communist years; but when a multi-party system permitted political identification along religious lines, Bosnian-Herzegovinan society reverted to a set of mutually intolerant, pre-modern ethnoreligious communities. The solution, Lovrenović cautiously proposes, lies in a truly democratic system, which will allow "the spiritual and individual dimensions of religion [to] prevail over ethno-cultural and group identification".

More...

4.50 €

Preview

MACARONIC VERSE IN OTTOMAN BOSNIA AND THE INCITEMENT TO MULTIVOCALITY

Author(s): Amila Buturović / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2001

Amila Buturović describes an archetypical Bosnian-Herzegovinan literary form - macaronic verse, i.e. verse which switches to and fro between languages (in this case, Bosnian and Turkish). Crucially, Buturović argues, this is a poetry of "multiplicity" rather than "national purity". At the moment, as even the Serbo-Croat language has split into the particularities of Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian, there seems to be little room for linguistic multiplicity. "One Saturday morning as the cottage country north of Toronto awoke to a temporary ice age, my three-year old daughter broke its frigid stillness outdoors by resorting to a polyglot description: "Mommy," she said, "çok je zima outside." Put in plain English it meant, "Mommy, it is very cold outside". Enchanted by her linguistic economy and multivocality, I found myself face to face with a set of questions raised by her spontaneous leap through three languages - English, Turkish, and Bosnian - which captured with such candor her impressions. It struck me that the difference between the two statements." (...)

More...

4.50 €

Preview

PROLEGOMENA TO FORUM BOSNAE

Author(s): Ivan Lovrenović / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2001

A key sub-theme of this issue is that of identity and intergroup relations within BiH. The scene is set by Ivan Lovrenović in his "Prolegomena to Forum Bosnae", which opened the journal´s very first issue. Looking at cultural identity within the Bosnian-Herzegovinan space, Lovrenović argues that it should be seen as composite and complex. This avoids the complementary perversions of subsuming it into ethno-religious allegiance (which condemns those who espouse it to a blinkered, bigoted provincialism) or seeing it as multi-culturalism (which merely puts a positive, liberal gloss on the apartheid of the nationalists). The first step to restoring a composite, non-noxious notion of identity, according to Lovrenović, is dialogue - not only between so-called ethnic groups, but also within them.

More...

4.90 €

Preview

LIBERAL ISLAM AND MULTI-RELIGIOUS CO-EXISTENCE

Author(s): Charles Kurzman / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2001

Kurzman tackles the unspoken premise of the clash-of-civilizations theorists: that of the demonisation of Islam by the West. Kurzman echoes Mahmutćehajić in arguing that in "liberal" Islam (i.e. one that takes account of both modernity and tradition, to use Mahmutćehajić´s terms) there are strong philosophical grounds for tolerance of other religions and for social models based on co-existence rather than conflict. "Many non-Muslims have a picture of Islam as uniformly intolerant and fanatic, a picture that is rooted in centuries of hostilities and misimpressions. I argue that this picture is erroneous, and that there is a growing number of Muslims who share common concerns with Western liberalism. One of these concerns is peaceful multi-religious co-existence. I believe there are three primary Islamic approaches to the subject of peaceful multi-religious co-existence: The first approach I call the "liberal shari´a". In this approach Islamic scholars base." (...)

More...

Download

Posthladnoratovske teorije civilno-vojnih odnosa i vojni profesionalizam

Author(s): Tomislav Smerić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 80/2005

The paper deals with the status of military professionalism as a key element of the mechanism of establishing civilian control of armed forces in the context of post-cold war theories of civil-military relations. After reviewing the basic elements of the critique of "classical" Huntington's and Janowitz's theories, some of the "new" theories are presented: "concordance theory", "agency theory", "new institutionalist approach", "the mission model" and "the theory of shared responsibility". The role of military professionalism in forming the model of democratic control of armed forces in European "new democracies" is also examined. The analysis suggests that despite the efforts to overcome relying on the concept of military professionalism in recent civil-military relations theories in the West, the concept maintains its relevance in the context of studying, but also in forming civil- -military relations in postcommunist countries.

More...

Download

Radne vrijednosti i stavovi prema poslu u Hrvatskoj: što se promijenilo u odnosu na devedesete?

Author(s): Zvonimir Galić,Branimir Šverko,Darja Maslić Seršić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 80/2005

This study compares occupational goals and job-facet satisfaction of Croatian employees assessed in two periods: a period of severe transition crisis (1993-1997) and a period of gradual recovery (2000-2004). The number of employees questioned in the two periods was 1349 and 792, respectively. They assessed the importance and attainability of nine job aspects (job content, co-workers, management, fair salary, good pay, advancement possibilities, working conditions, participation in decision making, and job security). The results revealed that good pay was rated as the most important job aspect during both surveyed periods. Low perceived attainability of most job factors indicated a profound deficiency in the satisfaction of employees' needs in both periods. Slightly better general job satisfaction and job- -facet satisfaction was recorded in the second surveyed period indicating, perhaps, that gradual improvement in macroeconomic performance has elicited the first signs of subjective betterment.

More...

Download

Firm and Labour Dynamic in Slovenian Manufacturing

Author(s): Štefan Bojnec,Ana Xavier / Language(s): English Issue: 80/2005

This paper presents patterns in the Slovenian manufacturing firm and labour dynamics by branches considering the entry and exit rates for the number of firms, employment and the firm size. Among the general development patterns, the number of manufacturing firms increased, and with labour shedding the number of employees and the average firm size in the manufacturing sector declined. There are, however, considerable differences across branches as only a few job- -creating manufacturing branches are found. Among the greater number of job destructive manufacturing branches, there are some traditional, low value-added, labour intensive branches. The increasing competitive pressures in the firm output markets are one of the most important driving forces for the more recent firm and labour dynamics.

More...

Download

Značajke života i tretmana žena u zatvoru

Author(s): Zoran Šućur,Vladimira Zakman-Ban / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 80/2005

The aim of this paper was to identify the characteristics of female prisoners' penologic treatment in Croatia and to analyze specifics of this treatment in comparison to the treatment for sentenced men who were serving their sentences in the maximum-security prison. The sample consisted of 30 women serving term in the only penal institution for women in Croatia (Po`ega). In order to compare the treatment of male and female prison inmates the sample used consisted of 171 men serving their sentences in the Lepoglava penal institution. The questionnaire on treatment was filled in by sentenced persons themselves (self-report method). The data were processed by means of hi-square test. The findings have shown that incarcerated women are better adjusted to prison life, more frequently involved in employment and education programs as well as in organized leisure activities. Female prisoners are convinced more strongly than male prisoners are that experience from prison treatment can be useful in the outside world. In addition, they have wider networks of social relations inside and outside of prison. No significant differences have been established between

More...