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With the turn of the century, Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) has got the center of attention in second and foreign language learning (ESL/EFL). Triggering with the technology of the day, Computer-Assisted Language Learning was integrated with language skills, speaking, listening, writing, and reading to serve as the medium of teaching and learning in L2 classrooms. This paper is an investigation of the effect of integrating CALL materials in L2 reading comprehension classrooms. The study was conducted in two classes each included 30 students attending a course on English reading comprehension at the Azad University in Qazvin, Iran. The comparison between the experimental and the control group pinpoint that CALL materials improve reading comprehension skill among EFL low advanced students. It was also revealed that most students have positive attitude toward CALL. The results suggests that using CALL materials both in teaching and learning reading comprehension of L2 is beneficial in allowing learners to make improvements in reading comprehension.
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The main purpose of the study is to identify different levels of metacognition and epistemological beliefs of primary school teacher trainees. The investigator has taken 300 primary school teacher trainees from three districts of Jammu and Kashmir by using simple random sampling technique. For collection of data the investigator has used Metacognitive Inventory (MCI) by Punita Govil and Epistemological Belief Questionnaire (EBQ) constructed and standardized by the investigators. For analyses and interpretation of data the investigator has used percentage and Pearson’s Co-efficient of Correlation.
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The question of whether asset price changes are predictable has long been the subject of many studies. Many studies, using historical returns based on random walk tests, have shown that stock return is not predictable. We study return predictability of the Tehran Exchange Price Index (TEPIX) based on monthly data from 2000 to 2011. For forecasting the return, we used a recursive estimation method in which the parameter estimates were updated recursively in light of new weekly observations, and also its regressors were changed recursively according to the Schwarz Bayesian Criterion. The results show that the daily stock returns are not predictable using publicly available information.
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In Shahname, Turanian has been regard as the opposite side of Iranians (Iraj’s Family). Ferdowsi has been devoted the main part of his masterpiece, Shahname, in to the dispute between these two family. In this paper, Tur story, their family and the causes of their dispute are take into consideration then, in a comprehensible manner, Tur family members, the meaning of their names, psychological characteristics wars and their genealogy are studied.
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The Hungarian term “polgár” (bourgeois, citizen) is difficult to explain in any European languages or context. It is among the key words of all social changes of the last two centuries, including the “socialization” of the country after 1948 (the word “polgár” was excluded from the political vocabulary). This extract – part of the author’s longer essay – deals with the literary representation of this problematic but central social category in the history of Hungarian literature
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In his autobiographical essay the author reminds, the village, where he was born, Ménfő, and the geographical area of his childhood near Pannonhalma (one of the most important monasteries in the Western part of Hungary) and the culturally frequented town, Győr. He talks about the circumstances of his emigration in 1956 to Norway. The spiritual map recalls his memories of his outstanding – but not atypical – life during the Communist Dictatorship in Hungary, and in emigration after 1956.
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Frustrated leftists and disaffected rightists see a standard-bearer in the Russian president.
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Plus, Moldova wins EU visa-free travel and Bulgaria’s EU funding comes under a cloud. Around the Bloc is TOL's daily digest of the important, the trivial, the tragic, the weird, and the sober from its coverage region.
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Also, eastern EU states still have the most dangerous roads, and export obstacles are keeping fish in Estonia. Around the Bloc is TOL's daily digest of the important, the trivial, the tragic, the weird, and the sober from its coverage region.
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Plus, Russia and Kyiv spar over a gas price hike and NATO will likely shore up forces in Poland. Around the Bloc is TOL's daily digest of the important, the trivial, the tragic, the weird, and the sober from its coverage region.
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Most Russians say they trust their media, although they’re OK with a bit of censorship and manipulation.
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Plus, the sons of Georgia’s first post-Soviet leader call for new probe into his death and an Estonian startup claims to make language learning a snap. Around the Bloc is TOL's daily digest of the important, the trivial, the tragic, the weird, and the sober from its coverage region.
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Plus, plans for a resort on a pristine Black Sea beach divide Bulgarian public opinion, and Abkhazia opens its doors to ethnic kin fleeing the Syrian crisis. Around the Bloc is TOL's daily digest of the important, the trivial, the tragic, the weird, and the sober from its coverage region.
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Slovakia’s new president heard the unspoken wishes of the electorate – just like the Hungarian prime minister.
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The authors of the present paper aim at investigating the general framework of the epoch in which Pintea, well-known outlaw leader in North-West Transylvania, had led an outlaw's life between 1693-1703 and, on the other hand, at bringing new data concerning his life. Chiefly by its military and fiscal outcomes, the deep crisis that affected the Transylvanian society on the threshold of the 17thª18th century encouraged highway robbery, phenomenon illustrated by Pintea and his mates. The wide social solidarity and complicity enjoyed by this outlaw leader explain his prestige in folk tradition, where he has become Pintea the Valiant. In time, it was natural that folk (oral) tradition would ignore many of Pintea's real deeds and, consequently, interpreted his life and highway robbery activity of over a decade in a quite biased manner. The gradual publication of contemporary documents on Pintea's outlaws required a critical approach and reinterpretation of this subject of social history. With this view, the authors started to investigate the available documents, as well as to look for additional material in the archives - one of which is annexed to the present paper - and they were thus able to bring new pieces of information concerning Pintea's biography: he most likely descended from the petty aristocracy, the families Cupşa and Marchiş, and his birthplace was Măgoaja village, in nowadays Cluj county, he appeared under different names in contemporary documents and oral traditions, the period in which he led an outlaw's life, etc.
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A Documentary Testimony about Gherla Citadel in 1675. The present paper investigates the inventory of Gherla Citadel (near Cluj) in 1675, ordered by the price of Transylvania. The military-strategic importance of the new stronghold on the river Someş gradually increased during the 17th century, under the circumstances of the Habsburg dynasty's political-military intentions regarding Transylvania and after the demolition of the near-by strongholds Ciceu and Unguraş. The investigated inventory is relevant for the military potential of the Gherla stronghold, the types and amount of arms and ammunition stored here.
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The Hungarian Colonists from West Transylvania at the Society of Nations. The present paper deals with the Hungarian colonists settled in Transylvania between 1885+1918, who received land from the Hungarian state and were expropriated by the Romanian state after Transylvania had become part of Romania. They immediately protested against this measure, initiating a press campaign and approaching some Romanian officials. As they received no positive answer to their requests, they filed a petition to the Society of Nations and their demands became a topic of debate in the sessions of this international body . Following the negotiations with the Romanian delegation, they eventually settled the case in favor of the Romanian state, who undertook to finacially compensate the Hungarians for the loss of their land.
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The idea that derivatives can complete the market and increase the efficiency of the portfolio has been debated for a long time in the literature of specialty. Our contribution in this study is to build upon these intuitions and to choose an explicit case for a realistic model of the incomplete market with a realist set of derivatives. In particular, we push the existent intuition a step forward, asking ourselves: which are the optimal dynamical strategies for an investor to control not only his holdings, but also the derivative ones? Which is the benefit resulted from the inclusion of the derivatives? We ask these questions focusing on two specific aspects of the incomplete market that have been very good documented in the empiric literature for the aggregated stock market: the stock volatility and the price jumps. In a specific way, we adopted an empiric realistic model for the aggregated stock market that includes three types of risk factors: the risk of the impacts of the prices’ diffusion, the risk of the prices jumps and the volatility risk. Considering this condition of the market as already given, we resolve the dynamic allocation problem (Merton 1971) of an investor with a large utility of which opportunity of investment includes not only the risky stock and the usual bonds without risk, but also the stock derivatives.
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On account of the way in which the technologies of the information society accelerate the scientific development, as well as the crucial importance of science for the development of the knowledge–based society, this article aims at enlarging upon the importance of science for the economic and social development. It is strong evidence the fact that the technical–scientific progress represents a priority for each country and for humankind, in general, as their future depends essentially on solving some fundamental problems, such as, creating new sources of energy, exploiting the huge resources of seas and oceans, the systematic modernization of techniques and technologies used, the protection of the population’s health, the protection of the environment etc. Under these circumstances, it is necessary to study and know the guidelines for promoting science, technology and contemporary technical progress, as the first steps towards their engenderment, assimilation and embedment in the economic–social practice.
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