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Previous studies showed that men are more sensitive to sexual infidelity, while women are more sensitive to emotional infidelity. However, only a few of them investigated differences in jealousy within each sex. Moreover, studies of sex differences in reproductive strategies showed that women are more restrictive in comparison to men. According to evolutionary psychology, both long-term and short-term strategies could be found within each sex. The aim of this study is to investigate differences in sensitivity to sexual and emotional infidelity between restrictive and nonrestrictive men and women. 526 subjects took part in this study. They estimated the intensity of jealousy in hypothetical situations of sexual and emotional infidelity. Furthermore, sociosexual orientation was assessed using the Croatian adaptation of Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (Kardum, Gračanin, & Hudek-Knežević, 2006). Based on the results, subjects were divided into the groups of restrictive and nonrestrictive individuals. The results showed greater sensitivity to sexual infidelity in men and emotional infidelity in women. In comparison to nonrestrictive men, restrictive men showed greater sensitivity to sexual infidelity. Women are more sensitive to emotional infidelity, regardless of their reproductive strategy. Advantages and disadvantages of both strategies, as well as their effect on jealousy, could be interpreted within the context of evolutionary development of mechanisms for partner selection and mate guarding.
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Sociological researches in the field of youth subculture worldwide have lasted longer than half a century, and in the last twenty years, part of the researchers have been divided into "subculturalists" and "postsubculturalists", according to the interpretation of research notions in the recent social context. The key theses of both ingroups are related to social class, the relationships among musical taste, style and identity, to the boundaries between styles and to the role of media in the emergence and maintenance of subcultural styles. Considering the recently completed study of the punk scene in Croatia, the research notions are brought into connection with the contemporary framework of the debate. In the Croatian context, social class is an important dimension of the emergence of subculture, although none of the local authors considers it a determining category in terms of the subcultural theoretical tradition. The connections among musical taste, style and identity, which postsubculturalists claim are disappearing, were solidly, visibly and powerfully present in our research. Also, the postsubculturalists' thesis of permeable and fluid forms of gathering do not find their place in the research findings on the punk scene in Croatia, because in our case, there are firm and clear forms of belonging without large fluctuations in the relation between the core and the expanded circle of sympathizers. Theoretical implications of our research point to the need to overcome and to reject the division to subculturalists and postsubculturalists in this field.
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The aim of this study was to examine elementary school students' motivational beliefs related to mathematics learning, in accordance with the expectancy-value theory. We wanted to determine the structure of motivational beliefs in mathematics and to examine to what extent motivational beliefs are associated with different learning outcomes: achievement, readiness for further learning of mathematics and mathematics anxiety. The participants were 387 students of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth grades from two elementary schools in Zagreb. The instruments we used were scales for measuring students' expectations and values, achievement goals and mathematics anxiety. We also collected basic demographic information about the participants and data on their past and current achievement in mathematics, as well as their assessment of readiness to continue learning mathematics. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis clearly support the structure of motivational beliefs in accordance with the expectancy-value theory. Significant motivational beliefs are expectation of success and three components of value assessment: interest, usefulness and importance. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that, besides achievement goals, expectations and values are important predictors of mathematics achievement, even when prior achievement is controlled.
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Inclusion of children with disabilities into the regular education system has undoubtedly increased the number of social interactions between children with and without disability. However, most previous research suggests a low acceptance of children with disabilities in the peer environment. Lower levels of social acceptance can affect the development of friendship as the most important relationship with peers. This paper summarizes the results of the research of positive peer interactions of children with disabilities, acceptance and friendship with typical children as well as with children who also have disabilities. Children with disabilities, unlike typical peers, often experience greater difficulty in creating and maintaining friendships. Delayed development of motor, perceptual, cognitive, language, communication and / or social skills is likely to contribute to the difficulties of children with disabilities in creating lasting friendships. This paper provides an overview of scientific knowledge about the effectiveness of the researched strategies for social acceptance, development and maintenance of friendship.
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The paper examines Ashton and Lee's six-factor model of personality (2001; Lee & Ashton, 2004). The Croatian version of HEXACO-PI-(R) has been applied on a sample of Croatian university students (N=1004). According to the data obtained, the designated six HEXACO factors were confirmed in the Croatian sample. Six HEXACO dimensions showed expected relations with Big Five personality traits. Gender differences in HEXACO personality domains are mainly in line with theoretical expectations. The results of our study confirm the validity of the HEXACO personality model in Croatia.
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This paper presents lexical Russicisms related to the broadly defined agricultural lexis. The collected units were excerpted from all annual volumes of “Trybuna Radziecka” (“Soviet Tribune”), a central Polish paper published in the USSR in the interwar period (1927–1938). The thematic group «agriculture» is forms i.a. by names of agricultural works (e.g. bukierować, polewać, przeszarować, skirdowanie), names of agricultural machinery (e.g. grzebałka, łobogrejka, sianokosiłka), and names of plants and cultivations (e.g. koksogyz, raps, turneps). Thirty-seven lexemes derived from Russian were represented in “Trybuna Radziecka”. A portion of those Russicisms established themselves in Polish lexical resources in the USSR (15 words), a few of them (6 lexemes) were recorded in other parallel resources (in the Polish language of Kaunas, Moscow and Soviet Belarus).
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W języku polskim występuje wiele stałych połączeń słownych, które powstały dzięki oddziaływaniu filmów, seriali. W tej grupie wyróżniają się związki wyrazowe, które pierwotnie były tytułami tych komunikatów medialnych (np. młode wilki, sami swoi, człowiek z żelaza1), wypowiedziami ich bohaterów, zob. ktoś widzi ciemność a. ciemność widzi, ktoś jest po jasnej a. ciemnej stronie mocy, podejdź do płota (jako i ja podchodzę), fragmentami piosenek emitowanych w filmach, serialach, por. (Nie bądź taki) szybki Bill, nazwami produkcji telewizyjnych itp., np. opera mydlana.
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The history of the Polish language within the present territory of Lithuania, Ukraine and Belarus is comprised in several, chronologically diverse, historical periods of these lands and countries: 1) the 14th–18th centuries – the phase of political and cultural expansion of the Kingdom of Poland; 2) 1795–1918 – the phase of the partitions of Poland and, what followed, dominance of Russia; 3) 1918–1939 – the phase of political dominance of Poland and Soviet Russia; 4) 1939–1945 – the phase of the Second World War and occupation; 5) 1945–1990 – the phase of dominance of the USSR; 6) the phase of political sovereignty of Lithuania, Ukraine and Belarus. What bears particular significance for the contemporary situation of Polish in Lithuania, Ukraine and Belarus is its history of the second half of the 20th century. Its development was regressive at that time, since it lost its earlier rank of an interlect in favour of Russian and remained merely a language used by an ethnic minority. Hence, while the prestige and social range of Polish gradually increased in those areas (from the 16th c.), the phase of dominance of the USSR (1945–1990) changed that situation to the disadvantage of the Polish language. At the beginning of the second decade of the 21st c., the situation of the Polish language in the three countries – Lithuania, Ukraine and Belarus – is diverse, yet its common intralinguistic, extralinguistic and nonlinguistic considerations can be observed.
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The object of this paper is genre names functioning in 16th- and 17th-century Polish prints attributed to dedications. My discussions are double-track. One track is determined by observations related to places that are particularly privileged in the space of the old book: the heading and the running head. This is where authors usually placed two (genre) names: list dedykacyjny (dedicatory letter) and prze(d)mowa (foreword). This is because the dedicatory work followed the convention that had its root in the epistolographic and oratorical theory and practice. The other track of the discussions is connected with a dictionary research. I looked for equivalents of dedykacja (dedication) in 16th- and 17th-century lexicons. I distinguished four gerunds: poświącanie/ /poświęcenie (devoting), ofiarowanie (sacrificing), przywłaszczenie (approprating) and przypisanie (attributing), and then I investigated the manner in which they were used in texts. I also allowed for the underlying verbs. I supported my own examples with documentation derived from Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku (Dictionary of the 16th-century Polish). The mentioned linguistic units can be divided into two groups. I classified the verbs poświącać, poświęcić (to devote), ofiarować (to sacrifice) and the corresponding gerunds to one group. They set the sender’s decisions related to handing over a work to someone in the space of sacrum. The other group, in turn, is represented by the verbs przywłaszczyć (to appropriate) and przypisać (to attribute) and the derived gerunds. Although they were a part of the secular code, they were “ennobled” through amplification.
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M. Szymczak (red.), Słownik języka polskiego, t. 1–3, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa 1978–1981
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This paper presents etymology, semantic and syntactic functions of conjunctions and negative particles ni and ani as well as indefinite pronouns with prefix ni-: nic, niczyj, nigda, nigdy, nigdzie, nijaki, nijeden, nikakie, nikt, niktóry, niżadny, nikam and nikędy together with examples of their usages in the oldest surviving texts from the period until the end of the 16th century. It is hypothesised that in the case of some of the above-listed lexemes a homonymy occurred as a result of phonetic merger of forms including two different formants: ni- < from Proto-Slavic *ni- or nie- < from Proto-Slavic *ně- (after the formation of constricted vowels), which is noticeable upon comparison of the past meanings of words such as niegdy and nigdy, niejaki and nijaki, niejeden and nijeden, niekakie and nikakie, as well as niektóry and niktóry.
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The author, departing from the contemporary meaning of the verb potrafić (can), presents how this word functioned in the same meaning in the 16th century. She also points to a range of differences in the linguistic characteristics of the lexeme in both epochs: the issues of the aspect, syntactic considerations, relations with the formal root word, and normative generalisations. Through the application of the nested analysis, it was possible to reproduce and systematise formal and semantic correlations between prefixal verbs potrafić, potrafiać and non-prefixal verbs trafić, trafiać, which are historically alive. Owing to genetic relations between them, prefixal verbs could be presented as regular adverbial forms situated on the first tact of several word formation nests TRAFIAĆ, TRAFIĆ, while the contemporary verb potrafić is an independent centre of two empty nests, exclusively in the form POTRAFIĆ, which is interpreted as bi-aspectual. Apart from that, other numerous forms with the prefix po-, which are situated on both the first and successive tacts of the nests TRAFIAĆ, TRAFIĆ of those times, occur in 16th-century texts.
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AUTOR Stanisław Murzynowski z Suszyc. PEŁNY TYTUŁ Ortografija polská. To jest nauka pisániá i czytaniá języka polskié(go), ilé Polákowi potrzebá, niewielem słów dostatecznie wypisaná [w:] Ewanjelija święta Pana Jesusa Christusa wedle Matthaeusza świętego… (wyd. 1.); (wyd. 2.) [w:] Testamentu Nowego część pierwsza. Czterzej ewanjelistowie święci…; (wyd. 3.) [w:] Testament Nowy zupełny…1 OFICYNA WYDAWNICZA Aleksander Augezdecki (Aujezdecki), (Alexander Czech), nakładem Jana Seklucjana, w wyd. 1. nie podano nazwiska drukarza. MIEJSCE WYDANIA Królewiec. ROK WYDANIA 1551 (wyd.1., 2.), 1553 (wyd. 3.) [Estreicher 1951, t. XXVII, s. 363], [Nowy Korbut 1965, III, s. 224–229], [I. Warmiński 1906, 311–322].
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Taking for an example a defining ceramic category for the so-called “Vădastra culture” (southern Romania and north-west Bulgaria; approx. 5200-4900 CAL BC), namely the excised pots, in this note I tried to emphasize the alterity of the people in the past. The present note is born out of my dissatisfaction with the cultural-historical archaeology dominant in Romania. In cultural-historical approach the excised pots are reduced to the status of “guide fossils” (used for building historical narratives), strictly functional objects, “works of art” and/or propaganda objects. Alternatively, I suggested that the Vădastra excised pots, on one hand, and the human body, on the other, are metaphorically connected, that these vessels might have been perceived in the Neolithic as persons mediating between the world of the living and the world of the dead (ancestors), having transformative powers.
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The author discusses in this study about an interesting category of artifacts from the south east European neo-eneolithic, namely the clay stamp-seals. This objects appear in the Early Neolithic, probably at the same time with the large process of neolithisation initiated in the Near East, disappear in the Middle Neolitihc only to reappear in a large number in the Chalcolithic in different archaeological contexts. Four new items of this kind were analyzed for the first time in this paper, three from Căscioarele – „Ostrovel” and one from Atmăgeaua Tătărască, all of them considering various aspects such as chronology, symbols, context of discoveries and possible functions.
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Book review: Jan Vanmoerkeke, Joëlle Burnouf (coordonatori ştiinţifici), Cent mille ans sous le rails. Archéologie de la ligne a grande vitesse est européenne, Somogy édition d’art, Inrap, Paris 2006, ISBN 2-7572-000-6-2, 136 p., 30 €.
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The paper presents the researches carried out at Coţatcu “Cetăţuia”, an Eneolithic tell-settlement placed in the Buzău hilly region. Related with the land slides which destroyed most of the settlement, a stratigraphic profile was made in order to establish the site cultural evolution. The cultural layer has about 3,5 m thickness and it is composed of six main sequences, the first belonging to Starčevo-Criș culture and the last five to Stoicani–Aldeni cultural group. Even thought the researches are still carried out, some preliminary observations will be presented. Most of them refer to the remains of a burnt house (House no. 8) which offered many details concerning building materials and techniques. On a surface of only 2 m width there were researched remains of a wall, a floor, a hearth and many ceramic vessels. Finally some considerations are made concerning the Stoicani–Aldeni cultural group identity and evolution at the border of the two great civilizations – Precucuteni/Cucuteni and Gumelnița.
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Culture Coslogeni during its evolution is a synthesis of eastern, Danubian and north-Balkanic cultural elements. This is due, firstly, to the geographical area of spread of communities, on both sides of Danube, a natural circulation way of cultural products on the west-east direction, but also north-south. In whole, the communities of Coslogeni culture were more receivers and not producers of metal goods. The small number of discovered bronzes and the type of pastoral-agricultural society are not evidences of the existence of artisans in metal, who could create a production center in true sense of the word, as in neighboring lands. The origin of the bronze pieces found in the bottom of the Lower Danube, suggests the existence of an area of transit of these goods, integrated in the economic and interregional cultural system of the time.
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This article is a recovered manuscript and published in its original form by Silvia Marinescu-Bilcu.
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