«Authentic? Not authentic? Not authentic, again!»: Edward L. Keenan, Josef Dobrovsky and the origins of the Igor' Tale

«ПОДЛИННИК? ПОДДЕЛКА? ОПЯТЬ ПОДДЕЛКА!»: ЭДВАРД КИНАН, ЙОЗЕФ ДОБРОВСКИЙ И ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЕ «СЛОВА О ПОЛКУ ИГОРЕВЕ»

Author(s): Charles J. Halperin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1+2/2007

Keywords: the Igor' Tale (Slovo o polku Igoreve); Josef Dobrovsky; A. I. Musin-Pushkin; Edward Keenan; Zadonshchina; Old Russian literature

In the article the arguments of Edward Keenan, an American scholar who considers the Igor' Tale (Slovo o polku Igoreve) to be the 18th century imitation, are examined and critically analysed. Keenan's hypothesis that the Igor' Tale was written by Czech scholar Josef Dobrovsky is subjected to criticism. The author of the article considers Zadonshchina to be the secondary monument in relation to the Igor' Tale and produces arguments in favor of the latter's authenticity.

Review of the book: Mužić I. Hrvatska povijest devetoga stoljeća.

Рец. на кн.: [Mužić I. Hrvatska povijest devetoga stoljeća.

Author(s): Denis Eugenievich Alimov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1+2/2007

Keywords: Ivan Mužić; early medieval Croatia; the ethnogenesis of the Croats; the Christianization of the Croats

Review of the book: Mužić I. Hrvatska povijest devetoga stoljeća. Split: Naklada Bošković, 2006. (Biblioteka povjesnice Hrvata; 3). 263 s.

In memory. Vladimir Pavlovich Denisenko

Владимир Павлович Денисенко

Author(s): Denis Eugenievich Alimov,E. V. Iljin,A. Yu. Dvornichenko,M. Plistkina,V. N. Baryshnikov,O. Yu. Plenkov,Vladimir Vladimirovich Vasilik / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1+2/2007

Keywords: Vladimir Pavlovich Denisenko; the Department of Slavonic and Balkan studies; the Faculty of History of St. Petersburg State University; Slavic studies in St. Petersburg

In memory. Vladimir Pavlovich Denisenko.

Motrya Kochubey and her romance with Hetman Ivan Mazepa (in the attachment: the «duma» of Ivan Mazepa «An old man talks to the body»

МОТРЯ КОЧУБЕЙ И ЕЕ РОМАН С ГЕТМАНОМ ИВАНОМ МАЗЕПОЙ

Author(s): T. G. Tairova-Yakovleva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1+2/2007

Keywords: the history of the Ukraine; Ivan Mazepa; Motrya Kochubey; the Baturin archive

In the article the relations between Ivan Mazepa, the Hetman of the Ukraine, with Motrya Kochubey are examined. In the attachment the poem of Ivan Mazepa «An old man talks to the body», translated into Russian by M. Beletsky at the beginning of the 18th century, is published. The monument is originated from the Baturin archive. The author of the article links the composing of the poem with Mazepa's romance with Motrya Kochubey.

«Gesta Hungarorum» of magister P., who is named Anonymous Author

"Деяния венгров" магистра П., которого называют Анонимом / Перевод В. И. Матузовой, вступительная статья и комментарии М. К. Юрасова

Author(s): M. K. Yurasov,V. I. Matuzova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1+2/2007

Keywords: the history of Hungary; the migration of the Magyars; Almos; Arpad

For the first time the Russian translation of the prologue and the first six chapters of the Anonymous Notary's «Gesta Hungarorum», a famous medieval Hungarian narrative monument, is published. The translation is accompanied with a detailed commentary. The monument, dated to the end of the 12th or to the beginning of the 13th century, goes back to the first Hungarian chronicle of the 11th century and contains information on the early history of the Magyars.

Patching Up a Past – A Noble Family's Genealogy from the Socialist Era

Múltat fabrikálni – egy nemesi genealógia a szocializmusból

Author(s): Zsófia Viczián / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2008

This study examines the manuscript of the history of a noble family that was written in the socialist era. This work is partly based on the family’s genealogy that was written in 1848 and partly on oral family history and private documents. It aims at reconstructing the damaged identity, at setting up a standard and at keeping up family history as opposed to the current political and social environment. This identity preserving character of writing is present in other family memoirs as well; together they outline a unique space of family history. Talking about the past cannot become objective despite all efforts. Personal recollec-tion, which is extremely subjective, always focused on the present and often shaped by oral tradition and literary fiction (in this case especially the canonical novels of Jókai), both un-dermine the idea of an objective explorability of the past. The examined genealogy is a good example of both aspects of this phenomenon; it even raises doubts concerning the identity of the author with the use of collective family voice. What could have motivated János Bárczay to compile this text in the 1960s? I am look-ing for the answers by comparing the autobiographies in the different versions of family history which were written and re-written over the years. In the different versions the nar-ration sometimes switches from the third person to the first, well indicating the urgent need behind the birth of these texts, namely that the individual, despite the changing con-ditions, has to create the continuity of his or her identity, has to bridge the ambivalence be-tween the present condition and the past.

The Secrets of Private Life and the Diary. Women, Love and the Diary in Béni Kállay’s Life

A magánélet titkai és a napló (Nők, szerelem, házasság Kállay Béni életében)

Author(s): György Kövér / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2008

Neither Béni Kállay (Pest, 1839 – Vienna, 1903) nor the diary he kept in Belgrade (1868- 1875) are unknown for historians. This study is a methodological attempt to understand one’s personality through his diary and to reveal deeper socio- and mentality historical re-lations on the basis of certain characteristics of this personality. The paper discusses three main topics: on the one hand, it uses the sentiment approach to analyse Kállay Béni’s pas-sionate relationship with the famous opera singer Marie Rabatinsky and the story of their break-up; on the other hand, it examines, from the aspects of gender history and diplomat-ic information gathering, the role of diplomats’ and politicians’ wives during Kállay’s years as the Hungarian consul in Belgrade; and finally, it surveys the theories of this individua-listic person on marriage using the motifs he registered in the diary he kept during his marriage with Countess Vilma Bethlen.

Reflections of 19th-century Hungarian National Fashion in Memoirs and Diaries

Átöltözések (A 19. századi magyar nemzeti divat emlékiratok és naplók tükrében)

Author(s): Anikó Lukács / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2008

From the 1820s the concept of the nation became the centre of thinking and public dis-course in Hungary. Debates were taking place not only at political fora: the different issues of the nation were discussed at balls, in fashion magazines and in public in general, in a form that was understandable to everyone; besides language and dance, clothes became the indicators of one’s national feelings. The discourse on (urban and gentry) national cos-tumes materialised in two waves in the 19th century: after the 1830s and 1840s, according to the reports of newspapers, national fashion emerged again, from 1859–60. But if we as-sume that fashion is a historical reality that exists beyond the realm of texts – in the case of national fashion an idea manifested in costumes and the way they were worn – we cannot leave out of consideration the consumers of fashion items and their motivation. With the help of diaries and memoirs we can examine what people wore and what the trends were from a special point of view: they are the means with the help of which we can study fa-shion from a micro-perspective; fashion, that is the normative system compared to which the individual who follows or rejects the trends defines itself by choosing his or her own clothing. The knowledge revealed by the memoirs has a limited validity; the same way as many individual recollections juxtaposed do not make up a collective recollection, the sum of individual dressing practices is not enough to draw conclusions on fashion itself. But certain trends do reveal themselves by analysing the texts of memoirs. For instance it can be observed that while (gentry and urban) national costumes were not generally worn in the Reform Era, after 1859, in the case of the national costume movement we can already talk about a trend; it is also made clear that it was not only faith in the idea expressed by national costumes that motivated individuals to wear it: the pressure from society, fear and the dangers of being different from true patriots can also be found among the motivating reasons.

’…alternatives and compromises as historical problems’ (an interview with Zsolt K. Lengyel)

„… alternatíva és kompromisszum mint történeti probléma” (Beszélgetés K. Lengyel Zsolttal)

Author(s): Ágnes Deák,Zsolt K.Lengyel / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2008

Reviews

Figyelő

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2008

„Waß ich auf erd am liebsten hab, daz ligt nun laider in dem grab” [’What I love the most on this earth is unfortunately already in the grave’] (Trauer und Gedächtnis. Zwei österreichische Frauentagebücher des konfessionellen Zeitalters [1597–1611, 1647–1653]. Hg. von Scheutz–Harald Tersch. Österreichische Akademie der Wissen-schaften, Wien, 2003. [Fontes Rerum Austriacarum: Österreich-ische Geschichtsquellen. Abt. 1. Scriptores, 14.]) DOMINKOVITS PÉTER Utazó egyetem Travelling University (Palasik Mária: A műegyetemisták Odüsszeiája 1944–1946. Mű-egyetemi Kiadó, Budapest, 2006.) PIHURIK JUDIT

‘I am a seed sower’: The Identities of a Peasant

„Magvető vagyok” (Egy parasztember identitásai)

Author(s): Barbara Papp / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2008

The study analyses the identity of a versatile man through his diary. The author’s aim is to show how János Nácsa (1908–1986) revealed his personality in his writings. Nácsa thought of himself first and foremost as a peasant, but he also spent years in the army as a volunteer; during this period, he participated in the 1940 campaign in Transylvania. This was the time when he started making his notes. While describing military life he mostly de-tails the daily routines of the camp, but hardly ever mentions his family or shows any sign of homesickness. He never speaks about his earlier years either. He underestimates his role as a soldier: he feels ashamed having to do humble work in duty and doesn’t feel the im-pact of his tasks at the signal corps. Having been a bridesman in his younger years he learned the tradition of the joker. This is where his literary style may come from: his way of narration or the short amusing forms can be regarded as the indirect proof of this. Prosaic and rhymed parts can also be found mixed in his text (prosimetrum): the prosaic ones may be regarded as common notes about his environment and the rhymes may be considered documents of emotionally more important experiences, therefore they may have served to emphasise his message.

‘Love Matters’ Through Half a Century. The Self-representation and Statistics of a Non-commissioned Officer’s Abdominal

Fél évszázad „szerelmi dolgai” (Egy altiszti altest önképe és statisztikája)

Author(s): János Mátyás Balogh / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2008

János József Lowetinszky kept his diary through more than half a century (1882–1935). The notes were compiled very systematically, with the precision of a statistician, and remained in 40 bulky volumes; the author worked as a junior clerk and clerk in most of his life and his diary gives us a remarkably valuable social-historical document of the era that is abounding in data, even if historiography has not discovered it yet. We can observe (through the perspective of Lowetinszky) not only the person but also his surroundings and the age in such minute detail that is unparalleled to other (and other types of) sources. In this study I examine the relations and sexuality of the diarist, together with the narration referring to these; a man who in his relationships demanded much more faith from his partners than from himself, someone who had been a kept man several times in his life. While analysing the text we can see an uncommon life and an uncommon ‘performance’ uncover before our eyes in its entirety, because Lowetinszky, who had sexual relationships with more than 200 women in his life, recorded not only all of his ‘conquests’ and ‘liaisons’ but each and every ejaculation as well (including the solitary ones) – both among the events of the day and in the statistical summaries. According to the conclusion of the study. the diary did not only serve the purpose of archiving and erecting a memorial, but it also constituted an important part of the author’s ‘machismo’, it was its active tool and was perceived as such by the people around him.

Neoabsolutism or Autocracy? Notes on the Historiography of the Bach Era in Hungary

Neoabszolutizmus vagy önkényuralom? (Megjegyzések a magyaror-szági Bach-korszak újabb historiográfiájához

Author(s): Zsolt K.Lengyel / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2008

Farmer B. and Doctor H. The Denominational Patterns of Small Town Autobiographies

B. gazda és H. doktor (Kisvárosi önéletírások felekezeti mintázatai)

Author(s): Dániel Bolgár / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2008

This study examines the autobiographical creation of denominational relations in the framework of definitional differentiation between integration and assimilation, comparing the memoirs of a Jewish agricultural intellectual of nation-wide fame and a Christian law-yer, both from Gyöngyös and both relating the story of their youth. In both auto-biographies the modern Hungarian society shows an integrating but not assimilated pic-ture. The study analyses how lifestyles, systems of values, the problems of connubium and comensality, namely class-based behavioural sociological separation and maintaining rela-tions between denominations are presented in the two autobiographies; it tries to prove that in a small town in the first half of the 20th century there were no barriers between Jews and Christians, or if there were they were not where they are traditionally supposed to have been. The second part of my work concentrates on the fact that the autobiograph-ers still considered it important whether they were Jews or not; what is more, the society they created in their autobiographies also found it important. Finally, the study hints at the fact that the simultaneous presence of integration and the lack of assimilation were the prerequisites for the development of large scale social inequalities between Jews and Christians.

A Peasant’s ‘Autobiography’ from the Socialist Era

Egy paraszti „önéletrajz” a szocializmusból

Author(s): Ágota Lídia Ispán / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2008

In this study I analyse the writing of a woman, who was born in 1900 into a peasant family – later she moved to the city (first to Debrecen and then to Budapest) and lived there for quite a long time before finally moving back to her village after World War II. Mrs. János István put the story of her life on paper between 1974 and 1977 upon the request of ethno-grapher Árpád Lajos; her autobiography is interrupted by diary-like entries that refer to the recent past. Keeping the characteristics of the genre and content of peasant autobio-graphies connects the author with traditional peasant culture, at the same time the new things she experienced as an old woman and the way she evaluated these separate her from the view of life of her contemporary villagers. The detailed descriptions of day trips and bathing at spas organised by the agricultural cooperative all speak of the appearance of ex-perience-based consumption. At these trips and in her village the old woman continuously ‘witnesses’ the achievements of socialism that are good for her (e.g. the three-course meal served at day trips, the programs organised on old people’s and women’s day, the helpful-ness of her female labourer mentors); with her naive stylistic means (e.g. she asks the poe-tic question of ‘so thiz is what Soczializm is like?’ several times in the text) she draws atten-tion to these achievements. Since Mrs. János István experienced both city and village life she cannot be considered a univocal representative of either village or urban lifestyle. Through her work we have the chance to shed light on certain aspects of changing life-styles, moving from a village to the city or living in Hungary before World War II and in the socialist era.

Fathers and Sons. Two Generations of a Diary Keeping Lower Noble Family in Zala County

Apák és fiúk (Egy Zala megyei naplóíró kisnemesi család két nemzedéke)

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Kiss / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2008

In this article I undertake the parallel analysis of the diaries and contemplations of father and son. The father, Vendel Kovách, a lower noble and county office holder from Galsa in Zala County wrote his diary in 1859–60 under the title Secrets in Zala. The son, Ernő, had started writing his memoirs while in captivity in Arad and decades later he organised them into three bulky volumes. The memoirs of Ernő, who worked after his liberation as a manorial and county engineer before becoming the governor of the Vác prison, end with his release from Arad in 1856. While the simultaneous analysis of the two writings offers several possibilities, I intend to focus on two of these in the present article. Firstly, I examine the personal relationship of father and son, paying special attention to the strategies of the father who was trying ‘to achieve’ his own goals through his son and to the reflections of the son who was reconsid-ering his own achievements in his old age. In the second part of the paper I use a particular example to deal with a question frequently arising when analysing personal sources, namely the issue of relativity. In 1844 Vendel won the rights for supplying the provisions for the county’s soldiers, thus breaking the hegemony of the county’s biggest Jewish pro-duce merchants. Both he (not revealing his role in it) and his son wrote about this story; what is more, it can also be tracked down in the minutes of the county assembly’s meetings since the matter was a county affair. Thus the question of the sources’ particularity multi-plies, with the help of which I hope to provide an insight into the multifaceted nature of opportunities offered by the diary as a source.

Luca Paciali – an outstanding Reneissance scholar and his conception of accounting

Luca Pacioli – wielki uczony renesansu i jego koncepcja rachunkowości

Author(s): Justyna Fijałkowska,Alicja Jaruga / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 34/2006

The importance of Summa, including the part on accounting, is widely known. As the centenary of the foundation of the Polish Accountants’ Association is approaching (2007), it is worthwhile to underline not only Pacioli’s clear presentation of the system of accounting codification applied at the end of XV century in Italy, but also the references to management and ethic aspects of those who run a business and those responsible for accounting, that are presented in Summa and the Treaty written in Perugia. This is an illustration of a positive influence of bookkeeping and the framework of accounting, not only on the economic growth but on social and civilizational development as well.

Minority interests – controversial area of measurement and presentation in the system of accounting

Udziały mniejszości – kontrowersyjny obszar pomiaru i prezentacji w systemie rachunkowości

Author(s): Joanna Toborek-Mazur / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 34/2006

The combinations and acquisitions of companies always have been connected with the capital market. The shareholders participate in them, do not always have influence on the policy in these ventures. However, they would like to know the resulting benefits from the participation in equity of a given economic unit. Accounting, which in the form of the consolidated financial report is to provide reliable and comparable information for present and future investors, should meet these requirements. The article presents changes in international reporting resulting from the introduction of IFRS 3 „Business Combinations” and revised IAS 27 „Consolidated and separate financial reports”, which have affected the presentation and the measurement of minority interests. The next changes in consolidated reporting were affected by entity concepts of accounting, especially the theory of the economic entity. In the new terminology „minority interests” were replaced with „non – controlling interests”. A different way was suggested for treatment of differences arising as a result of transactions with the minority interests. All these changes are aimed at development of the financial market by providing reliable information for owners of equity in companies listed on stock exchange and for future investors.

Over the waves: accounting flowed into Japan

Over the waves: accounting flowed into Japan

Author(s): Yoshiro Kimizuka,Hideki Murai / Language(s): English / Issue: 34/2006

This is the first trial to survey historically the import and results of the foreign accounting methods in Japan. The western bookkeeping was first introduced in 1873, and especially spread on banks. It replaced the Japanese ways of bookkeeping which had been designed by some rich merchants. „Business Accounting Principles”, announced in 1949, governed Japanese accounting practice for long years but could not respond to the financial crisis, notwithstanding repeated revision, and brought about „Accounting Big Bang”. In conclusion, Japanese accounting institutions were indispensable elements for the economic development.

Proposed standardization of postgraduate accounting study programme

Projekt standardu kształcenia na studiach podyplomowych z rachunkowości

Author(s): Teresa Kiziukiewicz,Bożena Nadolna / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 34/2006

The paper disputes the sense of standardization of postgraduate accounting study programme for a specific kind of studies that entitle their graduates to have the accountant certificate without an examination. The accountant certificate enables its bearer to conduct professional bookkeeping. The paper presents an analysis of the study programme, as well as a standard of a programme that complies with the examinational requirements and a proposition of accreditation rules for such studies.