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The eventual shortening of the operating hours of kindergartens – will reduce the availability of the labor force to work in the private sector, thus causing lower incomes for families with children and for the state budget, but also new risks for fo
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The eventual shortening of the operating hours of kindergartens – will reduce the availability of the labor force to work in the private sector, thus causing lower incomes for families with children and for the state budget, but also new risks for fo

Scurtarea eventuală a orelor de funcționare a grădinițelor – va reduce disponibilitatea forței de muncă de a lucra în sectorul privat, astfel determinând venituri mai mici în familiile cu copii și în bugetul de stat, dar și noi riscuri pentru investi

Author(s): Constanţa Popescu / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: kindergartens in Moldowa;

The purpose of this analytical commentary is to come up with new arguments and to recommend to the Government/Ministry of Education, Culture and Research to keep the current diverse operating regime of kindergartens and even expand later the number of kindergartens with a long schedule of hours, especially in the municipality Chisinau and other cities. It is recommended to the Government to consider the negative impact that a possible shortening of the activity hours of kindergartens by 12 hours would have - for families with children, local employers/companies and foreign capital, but also the state budget and the entire national economy; especially in the conditions where in 2017 the lowest birth rate in the last 25 years was recorded in the Republic of Moldova.

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The riddles of the oil products market in the Republic of Moldova
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The riddles of the oil products market in the Republic of Moldova

Enigmele pieței produselor petroliere din Republica Moldova

Author(s): Vadim Gumene / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: oil products; market; Republic of Moldova; fuel prices;

În ultima perioada piața produselor petroliere din Republica Moldova a fost marcată de un șir de antagonisme, care au avut la bază dezacordul consumatorilor față de majorările prețurilor pentru aceste produse. Punctul culminant a fost atins odată cu publicarea de către Agenția Națională pentru Reglementare în Energetică (ANRE) a noilor prețuri plafon de comercializare cu amănuntul a carburanților pentru perioada 13 iunie - 26 iunie. Astfel, pentru benzina auto plafonul fiind stabilit la 19,49 lei/litrul, un preț mai mare cu 34 bani față de cel anterior, iar pentru motorină de 17,41 lei/litrul, un preț mai mare cu 32 bani față de cel anterior.

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La Punct state enterprises. About the black holes of the Moldovan economy
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La Punct state enterprises. About the black holes of the Moldovan economy

Întreprinderile de stat La Punct. Despre găurile negre ale economiei moldovenești

Author(s): Eugen Ghilețchi / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: country's economy; Moldovan economy; state enterprises; black holes;

Moldova se confruntă şi astăzi cu o serie de reminiscențe sovietice, printre care şi proporția mare a economiei dirijată în mod direct de către stat. Conform datelor Agenției Proprietății Publice, pe lângă toate întreprinderile municipale, în 2016, în Moldova existau peste 200 de întreprinderi de stat şi peste 100 de societăți pe acțiuni în care statul deținea o anumită cotă parte (în continuare – companii cu capital de stat). Aceste entități, prin dimensiunea și poziția dominantă pe care o au, continuă să joace un rol semnificativ pentru economia țării.

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The Cost of Corruption in the Republic of Moldova and Who Covers It
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The Cost of Corruption in the Republic of Moldova and Who Covers It

The Cost of Corruption in the Republic of Moldova and Who Covers It

Author(s): Dumitru Budianschi / Language(s): English

Keywords: corruption; Republic of Moldova;

This comment paper gives a brief analysis of the cost of corruption in the Republic of Moldova, on the basis of the available meta analyses. Every year the Republic of Moldova loses from 8% to 13% of the Gross Domestic Product due to corruption, with about MDL 11.8-17.7 billion lost in 2016 only. These amounts exceed all the expenses made in 2016 for all pensioners and their social care allowances.

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Everything about Boards of Directors. How does political favoritism manifest itself in the management of state-owned companies?
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Everything about Boards of Directors. How does political favoritism manifest itself in the management of state-owned companies?

Everything about Boards of Directors. How does political favoritism manifest itself in the management of state-owned companies?

Author(s): Eugen Ghiletchi / Language(s): English

Keywords: political favoritism; management; state-owned companies; corruption;

The proximity of state-owned companies to political factors and economic interest in public assets create a favourable environment for corruption, which justifies a rigorous and uniform approach to everything related to state-owned companies. The State may participate directly in the economic life by means of two legal forms of organisation – state-owned enterprise and joint stock company (hereinafter, the state-owned enterprises and majority state-owned or wholly state-owned joint stock companies will be referred to as state-owned companies, except when a particular legal form is referred to). Although the activity of state-owned enterprises and joint stock companies is governed by separated laws, the management bodies of these companies are largely structured similarly and share the following elements: board of directors, manager/executive body, audit committee.

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La Punct. The financial system: from transparency to trust
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La Punct. The financial system: from transparency to trust

La Punct. Sistemul financiar: de la transparență la încredere

Author(s): Dumitru Pîntea / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: financial system; economic growth;

Un sistem financiar robust, bine supravegheat și flexibil în realizarea funcțiilor de bază reprezintă o premisă solidă pentru o creștere economică durabilă. La baza stabilității sistemului financiar este încrederea, atât de partea investitorilor, cât și de partea consumatorilor de servicii financiare. Lipsa încrederii generează crize, și apare atunci când relația instituție financiară – client este lipsită de transparența necesară iar dezvăluirea informațiilor redusă. În lipsa unor informații pertinente privind situația reală din sistemul financiar, organele de supraveghere nu pot lua decizii juste privind stabilitatea financiară colectivă. De cealaltă parte, nici consumatorul nu poate lua decizii clare care să-i garanteze încrederea deplină și perspective financiare pozitive. Reieșind din acest fapt, dezvăluirea informațiilor are un rol primordial în asigurarea încrederii în sistemului financiar și fortificarea disciplinei de piață. Respectiv transparența este acel mecanism care poate recompensa instituțiile care își informează adecvat clienții, și penaliza pe cele ce desfășoară o activitate obscură.

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Non-Observed Economy and Corruption: Links and Consequences
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Non-Observed Economy and Corruption: Links and Consequences

Non-Observed Economy and Corruption: Links and Consequences

Author(s): Iurie Morcotîlo / Language(s): English

Keywords: Corruption; Non-observed economy; public institutions; taxes;

Non-observed economy and corruption are closely linked and fuel one another. The spread of corruption in public institutions allows economic operators to avoid paying their taxes and then escape punishment. At the same time, corruption is an additional barrier for small entrepreneurs from the non-observed economy to enter the legal one. Such ‘vicious’ relations between corruption and non-observed economy have increased in recent years in the Republic of Moldova and are a major challenge for the country's sustainable development.

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La Punct. Informal Economy: What corruption risks arise in enterprises founded by a local government body?
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La Punct. Informal Economy: What corruption risks arise in enterprises founded by a local government body?

La Punct. Неформальная экономика: Какие коррупционные риски возникают на предприятиях, учредителем которых является орган местного публичного управления?

Author(s): Tatiana Savva / Language(s): Russian

Keywords: La Punct; Informal Economy; corruption; enterprises;

Менеджеры отечественных муниципальных предприятий (МП) полагали в начале 2018 года, что коррупция – наименее важная проблема возглавляемого ими субъекта. В то же время только на протяжении последних двух лет Национальный центр по борьбе с коррупцией запротоколировал 25 инцидентов неподкупности, к которым были причастны должностные лица муниципальных предприятий, из которых 14 основаны Кишиневским муниципальным советом. Речь идет, в том числе, о фактах извлечения выгоды из влияния, злоупотребления властью или злоупотребления служебным положением, превышения служебных полномочий и отмывания денег. Еще 7 серьезных случаев конфликтов интересов не были урегулированы и по сей день. Отсутствие прозрачности в деятельности предприятия, неясные правовые рамки, полное отсутствие интереса со стороны учредителей приводят к тому, что предполагаемые годовые потери в результате коррупции превышают 500 млн. MDL. К основным сферам с самым высоким коррупционным риском и самыми высокими потерями относятся управление имуществом этих предприятий и процесс закупок. Далее будет представлено краткое описание главных коррупционных рисков в рамках муниципальных предприятий и будут сформулированы краткие рекомендации.

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What is the cost of real estate lease in the Chisinau city?
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What is the cost of real estate lease in the Chisinau city?

What is the cost of real estate lease in the Chisinau city?

Author(s): Tatiana Savva / Language(s): English

Keywords: Chisinau city; corruption; real estate lease; cost;

Costs and risks of corruption are triggered by social norms, traditions, the existing legal framework and impunity. Conditions other than the legal rules are also required to control corruption, but those conditions are sometimes beyond the authority grasp. Examples relevant to this end could be low labour remuneration in the public sector or legal framework provisions that can be construed (for instance, the bidding mechanism could be used to lease non-residential/nonhabitable premises and direct negations as well). In the case of asset management in Chisinau municipality, the relations between the beneficiary and the public authority take place in the so-called "grey" or "informal" area, where it is not very clear how the power is executed, where no corruption risks were identified, but rather informal prerequisites for corrupt practices. We aim to describe below the aforementioned prerequisites and how they affect the lease of non-residential premises located in the municipality of Chisinau.

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Everything about Informal Economy. Reducing Corruption by Developing Cashless Payments
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Everything about Informal Economy. Reducing Corruption by Developing Cashless Payments

Everything about Informal Economy. Reducing Corruption by Developing Cashless Payments

Author(s): Eugen Ghiletchi / Language(s): English

Keywords: Informal Economy; corruption; cash;

Cash is the instrument due to which corruption exists. Cash anonymity, impossibility to identify its source, and non-traceability of cash transactions are the reasons why beneficiaries of corruption depend directly on the presence and circulation of cash. If there were no cash available, it would be much more difficult to get involved in corruption transactions, because of the possibility to reconstruct every transaction, including its beneficiaries, revealing thus their interests. Decreasing the high share of cash in financial flows can help eradicate corruption at least partially.

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Why Corruption Decreases the Efficiency of Public Spending?
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Why Corruption Decreases the Efficiency of Public Spending?

Why Corruption Decreases the Efficiency of Public Spending?

Author(s): Alexandru Fală / Language(s): English

Keywords: Corruption; public spending;

In the Republic of Moldova, the efficiency of public spending is low, compared to other states in the region. In 2017, according to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report, the efficiency of public spending in the Republic of Moldova was marked with 2.7 points, which reveals an improvement compared to 2016 when the score was 2.6 points. Despite this progress, the Republic of Moldova ranks the 14th of the 20 countries in Eastern Europe and Caucasus in terms of public spending efficiency (see Error! Reference source not found.).

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Informal Economy. Why do we lose land in the Chisinau city?
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Informal Economy. Why do we lose land in the Chisinau city?

Informal Economy. Why do we lose land in the Chisinau city?

Author(s): Tatiana Savva / Language(s): English

Keywords: Informal Economy; economic development; Chisinau municipality;

One of the most important resources for the development of Chisinau municipality is the land. Unfortunately, the way in which land is administered does not ensure their use in the best way to meet the needs of development of the Chisinau municipality. Multiple journalistic investigations, as well as public scandals, show that the management of municipal land, especially in recent years, is done in an "informal" way, with abusive takeovers of land from public and private domains, ineffective management of those in the municipal property, controversial decisions of the Chisinau Municipal Council. The subject of this commentary is the management of municipal land and why, year after year, we lose more and more land.

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Bond... Eurobond... The unknowns behind a successful show
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Bond... Eurobond... The unknowns behind a successful show

Bond... Eurobond... Necunoscutele din spatele unei emisii de succes

Author(s): Dumitru Pîntea,Adrian Lupușor / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: state budget; Eurobond; international financial markets;

În ultimul timp tot mai mult se vehiculează ideea diversificării surselor de finanțare a soldului (deficitului) bugetului de stat prin emiterea unui Eurobond pe piețele financiare internaționale. Recent, Guvernul a prevăzut această posibilitate odată cu aprobarea Programului „Managementul datoriei de stat pe termen mediu (2020-2022)”. Astfel, ținând cont de tendința de diminuare a intrărilor de împrumuturi în condiții concesionale de la instituțiile financiare internaționale, pe termen mediu, Republica Moldova urmează să acceseze noi oportunități de finanțare, atât pe piața financiară internă, cât și pe cea externă. Una din opțiuni presupune accesarea pieței financiare internaționale și emiterea unui Eurobond cu maturitatea de 7 ani în sumă totală de 500,0 mil. USD, cu scopul enunțat de a extinde maturitatea portofoliului, de a diversifica baza investițională și de a acoperi insuficiența de resurse externe care a fost prognozată pentru anii 2021 și 2022.

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Analysis of changes to taxes for natural resources from the draft law on the establishment of measures to support the activity of an entrepreneur and the modification of some normative acts
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Analysis of changes to taxes for natural resources from the draft law on the establishment of measures to support the activity of an entrepreneur and the modification of some normative acts

Analiza modificărilor la taxele pentru resursele naturale din proiectul de lege privind instituirea unor măsuri de susținere a activității de întreprinzător și modificarea unor acte normative

Author(s): Dumitru Budianschi / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: tax; entrepreneurs; normative acts;

Ministerul Finanțelor a publicat pe 16/04/2020 pentru consultare proiectul de Lege privind instituirea unor măsuri de susținere a activității de întreprinzător și modificarea unor acte normative. La Articolul II al proiectului sunt preconizate mai multe modificări în codul fiscal, inclusiv prin punctele 21-26 se propune modificarea regimului taxelor pe resursele naturale. În primul rând propunerea de a modifica regimul taxelor pe resursele naturale printr-o lege care preponderent este dedicată măsurilor ce țin de diminuarea efectelor COVID-19 nu poate fi acceptată. Se creează impresia că Guvernul încearcă să „strecoare” aceste modificări în Codul Fiscal fără o fundamentare cât de cât a modificărilor propuse și fără o discuție cu toți actorii implicați (publici și privați). Pentru a aduce mai multă claritate privind modificările propuse în continuare este prezentată o analiză a celor mai importante modificări propuse la subiectul taxelor pe resursele naturale.

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Anti-crisis macroeconomic policy: from defensive to offensive to combat the effects of COVID-19
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Anti-crisis macroeconomic policy: from defensive to offensive to combat the effects of COVID-19

Politica macroeconomică anti-criză: din defensivă în ofensivă pentru combaterea efectelor COVID-19

Author(s): Adrian Lupușor / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: COVID-19; Anti-crisis macroeconomic policy; national economy; budgetary expansion;

Noile realități generate de pandemia COVID-19 impun noi abordări de politică macroeconomică, pentru a face față provocărilor, dar și pentru a susține restructurarea economiei naționale și relansarea acesteia în perioada postCOVID-19. În pofida acțiunilor deja întreprinse de către Guvern și Banca Națională a Moldovei, avem nevoie de o expansiune bugetară și relaxare monetară mai largă, mai proactivă, mai bine coordonată, dar, mai ales, vizionară. Până în prezent, măsurile economice anti-criză s-au axat pe anumite acțiuni reactive și întârziate, iar recent au obținut și o anumită încărcătură geopolitică în contextul creditului rusesc. Însă, dincolo de măsuri „cosmetice” sau discuții (geopolitice) despre identificarea surselor de finanțare externă a deficitului bugetar, avem nevoie de o abordare vizionară care să ancoreze o politică macroeconomică autentică de criză. Aceasta trebuie să fie bazată pe 3 piloni de bază: (i) reality check: înțelegerea crizei, inclusiv a provocărilor, dar și oportunităților acesteia; (ii) definirea necesităților curente și viitoare ale firmelor și populației; și (iii) identificarea surselor de finanțare, precum și a instrumentelor de canalizare a resurselor conform necesităților și oportunităților identificate. În lipsa unei asemenea viziuni, politicile anti-criză vor rămâne reactive, insuficiente și vor duce la îndatorarea țării fără careva îmbunătățiri structurale pe termen lung.

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How (in)accessible are domestic markets for domestic producers?!
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How (in)accessible are domestic markets for domestic producers?!

Cât de (in)accesibile sunt piețele autohtone pentru producătorii casnici?!

Author(s): Vitalie Rapcea,Nicoleta Cojocaru / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: domestic markets; domestic producers; trade; corruption;

În mintea citadinilor moldoveni s-a cristalizat deja imaginea unei persoane în etate, care stă pe marginea drumului și își vinde presupusul surplus din gospodăria proprie. Acești pseudo-comercianți sunt definiți în legislația autohtonă drept producători casnici, care pot să-și comercializeze produsele din gospodăria proprie în anumite condiții. O analiză mai atentă a acestor condiții denotă că acestea sunt cu anevoie de îndeplinit, mai cu seamă pentru cei care nu practică activitatea de comerț decât ocazional. În contextul în care comerțul pe marginea străzilor este interzis, iar accesul în piață pentru producătorii casnici este quasi imposibil, acești comercianți amărâți, veniți de la sate să-și vândă rodul muncii proprii, sunt nevoiți să fugă de poliție, să plătească amenzi, să fie umiliți de către administratorii piețelor, sau chiar amenințați de comercianții profesioniști care fac exces de zel în încercarea de a-și proteja vadul comercial. Astfel, prezentul comentariu încearcă să ilustreze vulnerabilitățile cadrului legal existent, care nu permite accesul producătorilor casnici în piețe, perpetuând riscurile de corupție și abuz din partea actorilor implicați în implementarea prevederilor legale aferente.

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Priorities of the Czech Republic in the context of the EU budget 2014+ and the Digital Agenda for Europe. Materials for the expert seminar Differences in the priorities of the Czech Republic between the programming period 2007-2013 and 2014-2020
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Priorities of the Czech Republic in the context of the EU budget 2014+ and the Digital Agenda for Europe. Materials for the expert seminar Differences in the priorities of the Czech Republic between the programming period 2007-2013 and 2014-2020

Priority ČR v kontextu rozpočtu EU 2014+ a Digitální agenda pro Evropu. Podklady k expertnímu semináři Rozdíly v prioritách ČR mezi programovacím obdobím 2007-2013 a 2014-2020

Author(s): Vít Dostál,Arnošt Marks / Language(s): Czech

One of the areas in which radical changes are currently taking place is the digitization of various areas of economic and social life. At the EU level, special attention is paid to information technology and information and its processing in the strategic document EU 2020. Formally, it is one of the so-called of EU 2020 flagship initiatives, which integrate priorities that can be implemented by member states, the objectives of the European Commission and funding priorities through MFF 2014+.

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Post-Lisbon interventions in the treaty architecture of the EU and issues of their ratification. Materials for the expert seminar Post-Lisbon integration process through the eyes of legal experts - chaos in law or expedient responses to the crisis
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Post-Lisbon interventions in the treaty architecture of the EU and issues of their ratification. Materials for the expert seminar Post-Lisbon integration process through the eyes of legal experts - chaos in law or expedient responses to the crisis

Post-lisabonské zásahy do smluvní architektury EU a otázky jejich ratifikace. Podklady k expertnímu semináři Post-lisabonský integrační proces očima právních expertů - chaos v primárním právu nebo účelné odpovědi na krizi

Author(s): Vít Dostál,Viera Knutelská / Language(s): Czech

Keywords: Maastricht criteria;

The Treaty of Lisbon is not, as it might seem from the European and Czech debate, the inviolable basis of current European integration. After less than twenty years, during which primary law was changed by three fundamental "amendments" (the Maastricht Treaty, the Treaty of Amsterdam and the Treaty of Nice), three accession treaties and the failure of the Constitutional Treaty, when the Treaty of Lisbon entered into force, fatigue from the almost permanent state of "constitutional reform" and the prevailing opinion was that Europe should avoid further fundamental changes for a longer period of time. However, the Treaty of Lisbon soon underwent minor changes, and today it again faces a discussion about fundamental changes.

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Non-standard monetary policy of the European Central Bank
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Non-standard monetary policy of the European Central Bank

Nestandardní měnová politika Evropské centrální banky

Author(s): Oldřich Dědek / Language(s): Czech

The professionalism and prestige of central banks is formed not only in normal times when performing routine tasks of monetary policy, but also, and perhaps above all, when handling extraordinary events with extraordinary means. Therefore, we cannot leave aside the behavior of the European Central Bank (ECB) with its unconventional, unorthodox or, according to the terminology of the ECB itself, non-standard procedures that were deployed against the crisis. The exceptional period of the crisis years caused the monetary policy of the ECB to go beyond the usual terrain in which it operated, and face head-on problems for which standard solutions were not prepared. Compared to other central banks, the years of crisis were doubly difficult for the ECB, because in addition to the financial and economic eurozone, an unprecedented debt crisis also plagued it.

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How many debates are there about Europe?
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How many debates are there about Europe?

Kolik je debat o Evropě?

Author(s): Vít Dostál / Language(s): Czech

In the autumn of 2012, the question of the new institutional arrangement of the European Union or its part will be fully opened. Already at the end of June, the ministers of foreign affairs of some member states, who join together in the so-called Westerwelle groups. They should present a more coherent concept during September. Reflections on the need for a new arrangement are also born in the head of Chancellor Merkel, although they lack a clearer programmatic version and are hidden in the call for another convention on a new, primarily legal, EU treaty.

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