CEEOL - Search Result

Theoretical approaches to the determination of the phenomenon of «technoglobalism»

Author(s): Olena Cherniavska / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2015

Keywords: research and development;transnational corporations;postindustrial economy

This article examines the main factors and pre-conditions which caused the emergence of technoglobalism in the 20th century. The author identified the role of the research activity of transnational corporations in making this process more intensive, and also the main attention is concentrated on national and foreign approaches to understanding of such a new phenomenon as “technoglobalism”.

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National economic image and soft economic power evaluation

Author(s): Oleksii Chugaiev / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2015

Keywords: economic power;soft power;national image;economic information

The article provides a review of national economic image, brand, and soft economic power evaluation methods based on opinion polls or objective indicators. The author elaborates and tests a webometric method for evaluation of specific components of national economic image and soft power. National economic image is measured as the share of positive messages in total number of messages about economy of a country. Soft economic power is described as national economic image adjusted for absolute amount of positive economic information about a country. Various key words and expressions are used for web search query to analyze specific components of economic image (trade, inflation, finance, budget, quality, competitiveness, investment, business, corruption, corporate governance, wages, economic cooperation or conflicts, economic growth or crisis). The advantages and limitations of the suggested approach are discussed. The sample for testing the method includes Poland, Ukraine, Russia, Turkey, Romania, Germany, and Moldova. Germany and Poland have almost no major weaknesses, while Russia and Ukraine have almost no major strengths among economic image components. Germany is a soft power leader in the majority of areas, followed by Russia, Turkey and Poland. Ukraine, Romania, and Moldova can improve their image and soft power by better real economic performance and wider coverage of positive economic information about these countries.

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The conditionality policy of the EU in the terms of reforming the public service in the CEE countries: the experience of Ukraine

Author(s): Olga Ivasechko / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2015

Keywords: public service;europeization;administrative reform;

With the aim of creating in Ukraine a civil service that is based on European values and principles, the priority must always be the rule of law; patriotism and the service for Ukrainian people; legality; equal access to public service; professionalism; virtue; political impartiality; transparency of activities; personal responsibility of a civil servant. Only respecting the above-mentioned European principles for the process of adaptation of civil service of Ukraine to EU standards will be held smoothly and successfully.

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Role of the Council of Foreign Ministers and principles of participation of Germany, Poland and so-called “small countries” in the preparation of the draft peace treaty with Germany

Author(s): Katarzyna Kącka / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2015

Keywords: Council of Foreign Ministers;Germany;Poland;peace treaty with Germany

The end of the Second World War necessitated making arrangements as to the future of Germany. The decisions were to be made by the allied countries – winners of the war. In the end, the decisions of the so-called “big four” states were of arbitrary nature, and German officials were not permitted to participate in talks about the future of their country. The years 1945-1947 have brought numerous important resolutions and final settlements, but were also a period of growing disagreement within the victorious coalition. True end of their collaboration came about in 1947, and the matter of Germany became a bargaining chip in the Cold War conflict. The aim of this study is, above all, to present the role of the most important decision-making institution after the war: the Council of Foreign Ministers. The paper also presents the respective positions of the four great powers as to the participation of Germany, Poland and so-called “small countries” in determining the future of Germany.

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Technologies of political (socio-political) crowdsourcing and crowdfunding: world experience and steps towards implementation in Ukraine

Author(s): Natalia Khoma / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2015

Keywords: political investing;information and communication technologies;socio-political (political) crowdsourcing; socio-political (political) crowdfunding

Technologies of political (socio-political) crowdsourcing and crowdfunding are analysed as modern approaches to make political dialogue and provide transparency of authorities. Justification for their use in socio-political sphere is being argued. Reasons that validate the use of crowdsourcing and crowdfunding in policy as well as global and Ukrainian experience of their application are studied. The factors that affect the success of crowdsourcing and crowdfunding projects in political terms are identified.

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The acceleration of the Ukrainians’ assimilation due to deliberate narrowing of the Ukrainian language: 60’s-70’s of the XXth century

Author(s): Nadia Kindrachuk / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2015

Keywords: Ukrainian language; Ukrainians; language policy; russification; denationalization; censorship; ideological dictates; national self-determination

This article investigates anti-Ukrainian language policy in Ukraine during the 60’s – 70’s of the twentieth century, whose main objective was artificial exclusion of the use of the Ukrainian language and the acceleration of the Ukrainians’ assimilation. Narrowing the Ukrainian language in higher educational institutions of Ukraine was felt especially painfully, where the younger generation of the Ukrainians was trained and brought up. Teaching most special and general subjects in higher education resorted to Russian more and more frequently. Those features of Ukrainian higher education showed the wealth of the national language, culture, facilitated the study of their national history, promoted a national idea, the ideas of Ukrainian statehood were leveled under the influence of the Russification policy. Also, the paper examines the denationalization of the titular nation – the Ukrainian SSR by the media, which were a part of the informational space of the Soviet totalitarian state. The article reveals the destructive role of the media in narrowing the Ukrainian national outlook and “undermining” their social and psychological stability, showing a ban on national-patriotic materials in the Ukrainian printed word, radio, television. Russification of all spheres of the Ukrainian people significantly reduced the use of the Ukrainian language and formed the status of its inferiority and laid the basis for all intensive large-scale assimilation of the Ukrainians.

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Aesthetic dimension of political advertising

Author(s): Natalia Liutko / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2015

Keywords: political advertising; political communication; aesthetics; public communication

Political advertising is a form of aesthetic and political communication; it is encountered in election, addressed to electoral groups and aimed at electoral behavior perception management. Aesthetic and political communication has a lot of characteristics of political communication in general, that in its turn is a kind of public communication. Advertising nails down certain emotions in the person’s memory, which hereafter will determine his (her) behavior. Achieving of an objective is made by aesthetic images creation and advancement that facilitates aesthetic judgment of objective world, increases beauty sensitivity, uprears and develops cultural perception, the sense of taste. In the course of it, the didactic orientation of political advertising emerges. In a general sense, political advertising aesthetics is the aesthetics of personal behavior management technologies in social setting, the aesthetic of personal influence. Political events infer aesthetic expressiveness and legalization in response to mass media, publicity, popular art, word-picture and image. Internal action of political and aesthetic aspects turns the individual into spectator and recipient.

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An analysis of economic changes in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe belonging to the European Union in the years 2003-2014

Author(s): Magdalena Redo / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2015

Keywords: Central and Eastern Europe; European Union; integration process; economic changes

Economic changes in the Eastern bloc countries which currently belong to the European Union can be characterized as incredibly strong and important. In the process of catching up with the general development, some problems have been reduced. Unfortunately, other issues are starting to increase. The main aim of the present review is to show changes of the period 2003-2014 in major economic areas of these countries and also to point out potential sources of economic issues in the future.

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The prospects for Baltic – Black Sea cooperation in the context of current Russian-Ukrainian relations

Author(s): Ulyana Rudnytska / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2015

Keywords: Baltic and Black Sea region; regional cooperation; regional security; Ukraine; Russia; Baltic States

This article proves relevance of the cooperation between the states of the Baltic and Black Sea region and reveals the prospects of Ukraine’s participation in interstate cooperation within the Baltic-Black Sea region in view of the current state of the international system and the conflict with Russia. Also the review of ideological and theoretical approaches to understanding the Baltic and Black Sea region is carried out and its potential is emphasized from the point of view of policy of NATO and the EU. It is established that the priority of cooperation in the Baltic and Black Sea region is the transport, economic policy of the sphere. The emphasis is placed on distinctions between the certain states of the region (Russia, Turkey) concerning regional security. The need of attraction to cooperation for the Baltic and Black Sea region of a wide range of the states for the purpose of overcoming the unsuccessful experience of cooperation and creation of new effective regional security architecture is confirmed.

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International scientific communication in the context of social networking sites for scientists

Author(s): Beata Stachowiak / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2015

Keywords: scientific communication; information society; social media; social networking sites; ResearchGate

In this paper, the author considers the alterations that occurred in the international scientific communication. It is mainly technological development that exerts the influence over these alterations – particularly the emergence of new media. The major part of this paper is dedicated to the issue of the use of social networking sites in scientific communication. In her considerations, the author refers to the world-wide research pertaining to social media in the meantime demonstrating the attitudes of Polish scientists in connection with the former. This paper also contains the results of the research on the attendance to social networking sites of the academics from the Nicolaus Copernicus University with the particular attention paid to Research Gate. The considerations lead to the conclusions that in Poland scientists approach the possibilities offered by social media with the slight skepticism.

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Cities and human security

Author(s): Agnieszka Szpak / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2015

Keywords: cities; human security; human rights; sustainable development; environmental security

Cities have been researched mostly in terms of their economic, technological, and social value and significance. Despite some changes in this respect there is still a need to research cities as a fascinating phenomenon, also in respect of its capabilities to increase human security on a local and global scale. The article examines the role of cities for human security in the selected and representative fields such as sustainable development, human rights and environmental protection which are components of human security. The subject matter is indeed fascinating as fascinating are cities themselves. They are dynamic, energetic, innovative and constantly evolving. The general thesis of the article is that cities may and do greatly contribute to human security.

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International security in the election programmes of Civic Platform between 2001 and 2015

Author(s): Patryk Tomaszewski / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2015

Keywords: Civic Platform; International security; the election programmes of Civic Platform; the cooperation within NATO

The purpose of this article is to present and attempt to assess the implementation of security policy of Civic Platform submitted in its election programs since the first start in the parliamentary elections of this formation until the general election in October of 2015. There will be analyzed primarily in this article the manifestos prepared for the parliamentary elections because they contain much more contents about the security than the programmes prepared before the voting to the European Parliament.

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The Image of a Polish, Czech and Slovak Bookworm in the Internet Discourseon Books and Reading

Author(s): Bożena Rejakowa / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: Internet discourse on books and reading; interaction; convention; stereotype; behavioural standards; bookworm

The study is concerned with the construal of a linguo-cultural image of a bookworm in the Internet discourse on books and reading: this is the Polish mól książkowy, the Czech knihoRol, and the Slovak knihomol’. The respective stereotypes are shaped through linguistic signs and structures, interpreted against the practices used in blogs and memes. In the messages projected by Internet bookstores the mental images are entrenched and modified in such a way as to respond to marketing needs, without the readers realizing they are being influenced. In interaction, an important role is played by interpretations of the behaviour of a typical bookworm, as well as the process of accommodating the behaviours of individuals to a specific set of “bookworm mental features”. One’s own features and preferences are compared with those of: the bookworm as a collector and a book owner, the bookworm as a compulsive buyer, the bookworm as a planner, and the bookworm as a loner. The users of Polish, Czech, and Slovak online bookstores identify themselves with these types, frequently without realizing how much they are influenced in their perception of the world by the bookstores’ marketing strategies, which attribute specific features to their customers. These features are to propagate, through immitation, to wider readership.

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Politics and criticism in the work of young Belarusian poets

Author(s): Arnold McMillin / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: politics; criticism; Belarusian poetry; humour; laments; lies; national consciousness

Young poets at the beginning of the 21st century are often critical of their Leader and the physical and spiritual state of the country. The state of the language, a central part of the national heritage, features widely, sometimes with pathos at others with mordant humour, in this respect similarly to references to the leadership. Also important are official distortions of history, false media reporting and regrets at the present state of both the city and the country as a whole. As most of their books come out in small editions, they are probably considered harmless by the authorities, unlike the regular street demonstrations. Moreover, they provide something of a safety valve to release the widespread dismay felt by many of the nationally conscious intelligentsia.

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The Civilizational Space of Eastern Europe and its Determinants in the Period from the Middle Ages to the 19th Century

Przestrzeń cywilizacyjna Europy Wschodniej i jej determinanty w okresie od średniowiecza do XIX wieku

Author(s): Piotr Koprowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: Eastern Europe; Western; the civilizational space; Poland; Russia

The question whether Eastern Europe is possible and necessary rarely arises among historians of idea. This problem does not play any significant role in various diagnoses related to the future of the world, either. Nevertheless, it seems that posing this question seems well-grounded. This article is an attempt to consider what created and determined the civilizational space of Eastern Europe in the period from the Middle Ages to the 19th century and what actions and ideas influenced the nature of this part of the Old Continent. Selected “polonica” have also been placed in the context of “easterness”.

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Russia's Educational Policy Aimed at the Poles and the Polish Territories Annexed during the Reign of Tsar Alexander

Author(s): Andrzej Szmyt / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: Russia; tsar Alexander I; the Russian partition of Poland; the history of education; the Vilnius Scientific District; Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski

The beginning of the 19th century in Russia marks the establishment of the modern system of education, to much extent based on the standards set by the National Commission of Education. Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski , then a close associate of Alexander I, used the young tsar’s enthusiasm for reforming the country, including the educational system. The already implemented reforms encompassed also the territories of the Russian partition. The unique feature of the Vilnius Scientific District created at that time was the possibility of teaching in the Polish language in all types of schools. It was the school superintendent Prince A. J. Czartoryski who deserved credit for that - due to his considerable influence upon the tsar’s policy towards the Poles. After the change in the position of the superintendent (1824) and the death of Alexander I (1825), the authorities’ policy on the Polish educational system became stricter, and after the fall of the November Uprising Polish educational institutions practically disappeared. The source base of the text is constituted by the archival materials stored in the State Historical Archives in Kiev and Vilnius as well as in the Library of The Vilnius University. Monographic studies of such authors as e.g. D. Beauvois, L. Janowski, M. Rolle and S. Truchim turned out helpful to this work.

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The Students, Doctoral Students and Interns from Ukraine at Polish Universities

Studenci, doktoranci i stażyści z Ukrainy na polskich uczelniach

Author(s): Krystyna Gomółka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: Students; Doctoral Students; Interns; Ukraine; Polish Universities

Students, doctoral students and interns from Ukraine have been the largest group of foreigners studying in Poland since the early 1990s - initially under agreements and programmes signed by the Polish and Ukrainian governments and after Poland’s accession to the European Union, following the entry procedure applicable to non-EU foreign nationals. In 1997 Ukrainians accounted for 15.7% of foreigners studying in Poland and in 2013 this percentage increased to 39.9%. The number of scholarships awarded to rose until the year Poland joined the EU and then since 2013, which was associated with the Eastern Partnership initiative and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The number of students entering universities free of charge and without scholarships was increasing. The number of tuition fee payers rose just before Poland joined the EU and reached 76% of the overall number of Ukrainian students in 2013/2014. Until 2004/2005 there was an increase in the number of scholarship holders in doctoral studies and long-term internships. Since the mid-1990s doctoral students and interns studied for a charge. Offering the opportunity to obtain a diploma recognised in the EU, Poland has become an attractive country for Ukrainians to study and do research, often in better living conditions.

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A Temporary Grave: a Train. The Journey to and from Cologne in the Works of Vladimir Kantor

Tymczasowy grób - pociąg. Podróż do i z Kolonii w twórczości Władimira Kantora

Author(s): Urszula Trojanowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: russian contemporary literature; prose of Vladimir Kantor; journey; train symbolic; literary metaphor

This article attempts to analyze and interpret an extremely popular in the Russian literature spatial category, which is the train. This special place connotes different kinds of pieced-out meanings. The purpose of this paper is to look at how the train theme functions in the work of a contemporary writer Vladimir Kantor. The research material consists of two of his works: the story entitled The Safety Brake and the story entitled The Köln - Moscow train. Particularly interesting seems to be a comparison of the train to a grave and its importance in the reflection on the situation, the fate and Russia’s development path, as well as the human life of a contemporary intellectual. The train becomes a metaphor of the journey into yourself and exploring your own identity. The story characters: a young boy and a mature man delve into themselves during the journey and learn the truth not only about themselves but also about the world around them.

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Vilnius Charitable Institutions in the Years 1905-1907 in the Light of "Kurier Litewski” and "Dziennik Wileński” Reports. Part One

Wileńskie instytucje i towarzystwa dobroczynne w latach 1905-1907 w świetle doniesień ,,Kuriera Litewskiego” i ,,Dziennika Wileńskiego”. Część pierwsza

Author(s): Roman Jurkowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: Poles in Vilnius; revolution 1905-1907; Polish press in Vilnius; charitable institutions

The years 1905-1907 are an important period in the history of Russia, and Taken Lands as well. After the manifesto of October 17th (30) X 1905 the Russifying pressure towards the Poles, Lithuanians, Belarusians and Jews was diminished. Publication of temporary regulations on associations, unions, and meetings, on 4th (17) III 1906. allowed for easier registration and foundation of various social organizations and associations, including the charity. Polish newspapers described this announcement in Vilnius. In the first part of this article I discuss the following organizations: Towarzystwo Opieki nad Dziećmi (free dinners); Kuratorium Miejskie nad Biednymi and its sections: Help for Pilgrims; Fuel Committee; Section of Cheap Dinners, Labour Exchange. The institution, being under the care of the clergy was Saint Vincent a Paulo Orphanage.

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The Image of the Wolf and the Artistic Realization of the Concept of Paradise in the Aleś Navaryc’s Novel "The Lithuanian Wolf’

Вобраз ваўка і мастацкая рэалізацыія канцэпту раю ўрамане Алеся Наварыіча „Літоўскі воўк’’

Author(s): Dzmitry Kliabanau / Language(s): Belarusian / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: modern Belarusian literature; historical novel; the image of the wolf and werewolf; interpretation of the image of paradise

Aleś Navaryc’s historical novel “The Lithuanian Wolf” continued to pursue the traditions established by Uladzimir Karatkievic. The main subject of the story is the picture of the Belarusian society in the second half of the XIX century on the eve of the Kastuś Kalinouski’s uprising. “The Lithuanian wolf” is characterized by a specific hypertext and allusiveness. The title of the novel contains a clear allusion to the historical and cultural tradition of the use of the name “Lithuania” in relation to the Belarusian territory which was the core of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as well as a reference to the image of the wolf and werewolf, well-known since pagan times. The image of the wolf in the Navaryc’s novel is ambivalent, and the reason of this ambivalence is a parallel existence of two systems of the perception of the world in the Belarusian culture, resulting in the blend of a special folk sacralization of nature and culture as a divine creation. The image of paradise has an interesting and specific interpretation in the novel. The appearance of forest robbers-werewolves becomes the introduction to the paradisiacal motif. In the context of the conceptualization of paradise in this novel, on one hand, the influence of the apocryphal tradition and an allusion to the biblical texts should be noted. On the other hand, there is a clear correlation with the concept of the homeland as a lost paradise and the necessity of sacrifice for its future and independence.

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