The Financial Balance as a Challenge for Finance After the Crisis in 2008. In Search of Priorities and Parity in Science Finance

Równowaga finansowa jako wyzwanie dla finansów po kryzysie 2008 roku. W poszukiwaniu priorytetów i parytetów w nauce finansów

Author(s): Stanisław Flejterski,Magdalena Zioło / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 98/2016

Keywords: finance; financial equilibrium; sustainable finance; crisis

This article attempts to make a redefinition of conceptual categories, which are “financial balance”and “sustainable finance” in response to changes taking place in contemporary surroundings. Thestudy highlighted the necessity of considering the sustainable finance, as a category evolving underthe influence of the triad of environmental, social and economic factors impacting on the contemporaryphenomena and financial relations. There have also been attempts to identify and clarifypriorities, which should be guided by the modern science of finance and pointed out the expectedshare of individual factors in shaping the financial decisions of entities of the national economy.

Preface

Preface

Author(s): Aleksander Kobylarek / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: resentment;U3A;negative ageing;management of emotions;NGO;psychological contract

Resentment has a particular place in the University of the Third Age. Here, the acti-vities of the organization come up against the developing personalities of the elderly and crises of personality, which intensify the phenomenon. Temporary resentment can in unfavourable circumstances temporary resentment can escalate into permanent resentment, which is more dificult to alleviate. The task of the manager is to uncover this phenomenon at a relatively early stage, and to take appropriate preventative measures in the form of long-lasting negotiation of tasks and suitable system of sharing rewards.

Sapere aude

Sapere aude

Author(s): Daniel Meynen / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: Nicolaus Copernicus;Immanuel Kant;different aspects of enlight- enment;contribution of elderly people towards our common culture;intellectual honesty and courage

Nicolaus Copernicus is shown as an ideal of senior students. He represents all the intellectual qualities that we connect with the spiritual movement of the Enlightenment. This movement has led to the unfolding of the sciences with allits good and bad consequences, to the appearance of natural rights and religious tolerance. The modern concepts of education, civil rights and the development ofa critical general public are not conceivable without the ideas of the Enlightenment. But the idea of Enlightenment showed clearly two different faces during its development: One is showing the enlightenment of human beings and concerns the environment they are part of, whereas the other is showing the enlightenment about themselves. Both will be commented on. Without doubt we are in need of a new Enlightenment. It should teach us to trust our own spiritual capabilities,to look for a critical exchange with other minded people and other cultures, tocreate communities of free-thinking people and to create protected public spacesfor critical thinking.

Older people in the information society

Older people in the information society

Author(s): Aleksandra Marcinkiewicz-Wilk / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: Information Society;seniors;older people;ageing society

This paper focuses on the situation of older people in the information society. In the theoretical part of article phenomena of ageing population and information society are described. This paper includes results of a qualitative research. The data was collected with the use of the biographical method. The method for data processing was qualitative content analysis. In the research, two older and educationally active people took part. Results of research show how older people understand the information society and what risks and opportunities they notice in this new reality. Narratives of the respondents indicate that education is of crucial importance for participation in the information society. Older people who take part in the lifelong learning cope better with the new reality than people who do not learn. Drawing on the results of the research, we can point out areas of education which should be development. More over, it is visible that educational activity of older people is very important in adaptation to the information society. Narratives of seniors indicate reasons for the lack of educational activity in other seniors. Accordingly, it can be specified what actions should be undertaken to prevent the exclusion of older people in this new reality.

An active role for the elderly in the process for an integrated Europe

An active role for the elderly in the process for an integrated Europe

Author(s): Remedios López-Liria,Pilar Diaz-López,Patricia Rocamora-Pérez,José Manuel Aguilar-Parra,Ana Manzano-León,David Padilla-Góngora / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: lifelong learning;elderly;intercultural

The European project entitled “Integrating adults and the elderly towards a Europe of knowledge”, coordinated by the University of Almería, within the actions of “Grundtvig learning partnerships for adult education”, has carried out the assessment of aneducational program for over 55 years in five countries. The aim of the learning partnership was “to encourage the development of innovative practices in education of older people and their transfer between countries”. Methods: Some of the following teaching tools and methods were used to promote intercultural communication skills: simulation activities, followed by reflective discussion and/or written analysis; guided group activities; local visits to contact people from other countries; ethnographic projects. Results: The courses provide knowledge and understanding of culture, institutions and different ways of life in diverse communities, and encourage reflection about their own cultural behaviour, practices and attitudes, as well as those of others. Old people enhance communication in their community by means of meetings, in which they talk about their common concerns. This can help the elderly to overcome problems and reduce feelings of loneliness. The courses also help old people acquire new knowledge and skills in a rapidly changing world. Conclusions: Participants’ motivation increased as the sessions were developed, since the contents of the classes agreed with their own interests, with a constant wide-ning of knowledge. Everybody had an active role in the discussions. This trainingrevises some beliefs about ageing, such as the removal of the image of the idle retiredperson; at the same time, it promotes active retirement, intergenerational relationships and independence, and improves social and personal skills.

Educational context of time from the perspective of adult development

Educational context of time from the perspective of adult development

Author(s): Jerzy Semków / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: educational context of time;early adulthood;middle adulthood;late adulthood;development of adults

The basic assumption is that time, which regulates our existence in the world, is the special medium and that there are “costs (lost opportunities) associated with notinvesting time wisely” (Zimbardo, & Boyd, 2009, p. 19). The diverse attitudes of certain individuals towards time may be viewed from various perspectives. The author reflects on the time phenomenon from the perspective of learning adults, with regard to three life periods in the process identiÞ ed in andragogy as maturing to adulthood. In early adulthood time is especially significant as people assume the role of the ones responsible for their professional development and their families. In the second stage – middle adulthood – due to varying evaluations of their achievements, time is treated either as a friend or as an enemy. In this situation undertaking learning activity becomes a springboard, some kind of antidote to the emerging life problems. It may also bring about fundamental disturbances to the psycho-social balance of an adult person, suchas change of his living environment. The value of time as a non-renewable good incre-ases significantly the in late adulthood, after crossing the threshold of 60. This refers particularly to people who consider old age as an important stage of life. Thus, temporal perspective in each stage of adulthood varies, especially when learning is a regularpart of life activities of an adult person.

Employment in Late Adulthood: Psychological Arguments

Employment in Late Adulthood: Psychological Arguments

Author(s): Tetiana B. Partyko / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: employment;psychological well-being;self-attitude;emotions;late adulthood

The research participants were people aged 60-79. The research shows that higher employment status contributes to their psychological well-being, primarily to positive interaction with others and their ability to master the environment. The research has proved that higher education and confidence in financial well-being of employed people reduce the intensity of asthenic emotions, while in those unemployed it increases the intensity of asthenic emotions. The employed are more self-confident; their self-confidence contributes to their psychological well-being. Self-confidence of the unemployed people, while enhancing psychological well-being, increases sthenic emotions. It is shown that reticence as self-attitude modality plays a greater role in the personality structure of the elderly people who are unemployed. The conclusions are made on weak and strong points of employment in late adulthood.

The talent of mature women and their legacy for Humanity

The talent of mature women and their legacy for Humanity

Author(s): Marina Troncoso-Rodríguez / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: elderly woman;contribution;active ageing

This paper is a compilation of facts about women who shone in their youth either for their research, their works of art, or their social and political activities, and who remained active in their later years, when they became what are commonly called senior citizens. It was during these years that these brilliant women managed to crystallise and consolidate the work they had done all of their life, bringing about changes in scientific, artistic, cultural and social fields, and leaving behind a legacy of knowledge for future generations. A small group of women representing different disciplines has been chosen here, and all of these women were active in their later life. Many others who could have been included will not be found, not only because there is not enough space here to mention all of them but also because there is a lack of sources dealing with the millions of senior heroines who are anonymous; elderly women who play a vital role in the development of humanity when they pass on knowledge and values; women who remain active in their later years and who only retire the day they die.

The creative potential of the elderly through an example of grand masters

The creative potential of the elderly through an example of grand masters

Author(s): Maria Straś-Romanowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: elderly;creative activity;openness to Transcendence;melancholy

This article presents characteristics of the selected aspects of the creative potential in older persons. In addition to specific aptitudes or gifts, cognitive qualities such as intelligence, knowledge and experience have been indicated as the components of creative potential. Furthermore, the importance of a developed lifestyle at earlier stages of life has been highlighted, along with the attitude towards one’s ageing, spiritual sensibility and motivation for creative work. An attempt has been made to illustrate distinguishing characteristics of works by outstanding creators in the latter parts of their lives. More often than not, critics cited the following characteristics of creative persons: individualism, inclination towards harkening back to the past, melancholic spirits and thought orientation regarding transcendent reality.

Artistic activity among the elderly as a form of lifelong learning, based upon the opinions of the University of Wrocław’s University of the Third Age handicraft group members

Artistic activity among the elderly as a form of lifelong learning, based upon the opinions of the University of Wrocław’s University of the Third Age handicraft group members

Author(s): Beata Działa / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: third age;late adulthood;creativity;artistic activity;lifelong learning;UTA;older people’s education

The article deals with the topic of creativity and artistic activity among elderly people in the context of claims related to the idea of lifelong learning. It discusses the phenomenon of creativity and how senior citizens can benefit from it. The artistic activity of people in the age of late adulthood is also discussed in that context. In the lastpart of the text, theoretical claims are collated with what the artistic groups’ elderly members said themselves during a focus group interview.

Senior theatre an important part of senior culture

Senior theatre an important part of senior culture

Author(s): Rosemarie Kurz / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: demographic change; lifestyle; post-professional life; resource; mobility; acting; development; society; intergenerational; experiences; participation; volunteers; cultural implication

The third age is an opportunity and can be used wisely. Going to university, travelling, volunteering or joining a theatre group could be possibilities. The article deals with Cultural Implications, and with senior theatre forging ahead in unexpected and adventurous directions. Last but not least, it deals with the situation of Senior Theatrein Graz, Austria.

Virtual initiation of persons in late adulthood - from classroom/lesson education to gamification

Virtual initiation of persons in late adulthood - from classroom/lesson education to gamification

Author(s): Ewa Jurczyk-Romanowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: virtual world;e-exclusion;education of seniors;location-based games;gamification;motivation;obstacles in access to IC

With the development of Information and Communication Technologies one can observe the phenomenon of e-exclusion of certain social groups. Among them there are the persons in late adulthood who for various reasons do not use computers or the internet. The causes of this can be located in the low financial status of this social group. At the same time, the argument is raised that the more important problem is the lack of motivation and the number of obstacles that seniors face in their access to ICT. The paper presents the conclusions from the research conducted with the Avec Association and the Games and Innovation in Education Research Team-Edutainment (Zespół Badawczy Gier i Innowacji w Edukacji - Edutainment). This encompasses, on the one hand, problems pertaining to seniors’ motivation, the obstacles that they face, their perception of the virtual world, and on the other, the description of the search for new educational methods that may make it possible to increase the effectiveness of computer skills training courses.

Support of active ageing through P2P learning

Support of active ageing through P2P learning

Author(s): Barbara Baschiera,Willem De Meyer / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: older adults;peer to peer learning;key competences

Personal development throughout the course of life is at the core of several important policy documents that have shaped European cooperation in economic, social and educational sciences over the last decade. The paradigm of Lifelong Learning implies learning at any age of life and underlines the importance of achieving continuous knowledge and self-care. Pedagogy has started taking into account the age of older adults only in recent years. The European project we are going to illustrate sought to test how well peer to peer learning can be useful to define new training and learning models for older adults. The HiHtaST (Hand in Hand to a Social Tomorrow) project provides an example of peer to peer learning among older adults. We provided training for adult learners to teach IT among other older adults as ameans for social inclusion in five European countries. Each country had 20 learners /trainers who had other older students in turn. Multiple choice questionnaires and focus groups were used to collect data. The project was run in the theoretical framework of active ageing, considering the paradigm of Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development and co-construction of knowledge. The project results show that adults can acquire knowledge in peer to peer group situations with no drop-outs especially when learning real and practical tasks, which suggests that peer to peer learning works better than a frontal class in formal as well as non-formal or informal situations.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PAPERS PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL FACTA UNIVERSITATIS, SERIES LAW AND POLITICS (1997–2015)

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PAPERS PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL FACTA UNIVERSITATIS, SERIES LAW AND POLITICS (1997–2015)

Author(s): Vesna Danković / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Facta Universitatis, Series Law and Politics (print ISSN 1450-5517, online ISSN 2406-1786) is a biannual, peer-reviewed, scholarly journal of law and politics published by the University of Niš, Republic of Serbia. It has been edited and run by professors at the Faculty of Law of the University of Niš since it was established in 1997, when the first issue was published.

Review - BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PAPERS PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL FACTA UNIVERSITATIS, SERIES LAW AND POLITICS (1997–2015) by Vesna Danković

Review - BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PAPERS PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL FACTA UNIVERSITATIS, SERIES LAW AND POLITICS (1997–2015) by Vesna Danković

Author(s): Zoran B. Živković / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Facta Universitatis celebrates its twentieth year of continuous publishing and this important milestone deserves to be commemorated with a summary of the journal articles. The bibliography of all published articles, proposed by Vesna Danković, is probably the best solution. The introduction it the bibliography (FROM THE AUTHOR), shortly but clearly describes the journal, then organization, classification and methodology used in the bibliography, and the registers. TABLE OF CONTENTS BASED ON THE UNIVERSAL DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION at the begining, shows the structure of the main register and makes it easy for users to find the field of science they want to research. The bibliographic description in the main register is full, precise, with the article abstracts in addition, and even contains the internet address of the electronic form of the article, which means that the chosen paper could be reviewed immediately. The bibliography contains several indexes which allow the user to search literature using the name of the author, title of the article, subject heading or a key word. Obviously, the bibliography is the result of great effort of the author and her wish to make it user friendly, which she succeeded. Therefore, I warmly recommend this bibliography to the editor in chief for publishing.

Major Bolesław Michał Nieczuja-Ostrowski’s service in the “Maria” Inspectorate of the Home Army in the years 1943-1945

Służba mjr. Bolesława Michała Nieczui-Ostrowskiego w inspektoracie Armii Krajowej „Maria” w latach 1943-1945

Author(s): Agnieszka Wątor / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 46/2015

Keywords: Bolesław Michał Nieczuja-Ostrowski “Tysiąc” (1907–2008); World War II; the German occupation (1939-1945); Armia Krajowa/the Home Army – Operation “Tempest”; 106th Infantry Division of the Home Army

The aim of the article is to present the service of Major Bolesław Michał Nieczuja-Ostrowski (1907-2008) in the Regional Inspectorate of the Home Army in Miechów, codename “Maria”, in the years 1943–1945. The author of the article used the documents which were drawn up by the communist authorities of Poland during the investigation that was conducted against Nieczuja-Ostrowski who was lieutenant colonel at that time and against the soldiers of the 106 DP AK formed in the area of the “Maria” Inspectorate of the Home Army. This information was confronted with and extended by the information contained in the publications that are available, and especially in the recollection-related works of General Nieczuja-Ostrowski. In August 1943, the commander of the Kraków Region of the Home Army, colonel Józef Spychalski, nominated him the Commander of the Miechów Regional Inspectorate of the Home Army which was a part of this district. Major Ostrowski assumed this function on 15 September 1943 and on 31 July he was nominated the commander of the 106th Infantry Division of the Home Army, a great military unit which was organised as a part of the effort to restore the Armed Forces, a process associated with Operation “Burza”/“Tempest”. From July 1943 until December 1944 about 20 thousand people were incorporated into the Home Army in the area of the Miechów Inspectorate.

2nd Lieutenant Jan Siewiera “Wicher”. A soldier of the National Armed Forces and the Underground Polish Army

Ppor. Jan Siewiera „Wicher” Żołnierz Narodowych Sił Zbrojnych i Konspiracyjnego Wojska Polskiego

Author(s): Krzysztof Pięciak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 46/2015

Keywords: The National Armed Forces; the Underground Polish Army; Home Army; World War II; underground independence movement; anti-communist resistance movement; żołnierze niezłomni (steadfast soldiers)

The article describes the history of second lieutenant Jan Siewiera “Wicher” (1922-1947), especially his underground activities. During World War II he served in the National Armed Forces where he graduated from an officer-cadet school and where he was a soldier of colonel “Czech’s” division (NN). In April 1945 he was arrested and sentenced to one year of imprisonment for his activities in the NSZ. After he left prison, he entered a division of the Underground Polish Army in the autumn of 1946, commanded by second lieutenant Alfons Olejnik “Babinicz”, in which he became deputy commander. After receiving severe wounds he died during interrogation by the officers of the UB (Department of Security). He was probably interred in Wieluń.

The “Niepodległość” Liberal Democratic Party. Ideology, agenda, activity

Liberalno-demokratyczna partia „Niepodległość” Idee, program, działalność

Author(s): Marcin Kluzik / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 46/2015

Keywords: Liberalno-Demokratyczna Partia „Niepodległość”/The Liberal Democratic Party “Niepodległość”/“Independence”; anti-communist opposition in the Polish People’s Republic; anti-communism; independence

The Liberal Democratic party “Niepodległość”/“Independence” was a radically anti-communist party and its aim was to overthrow the communist regime and make Poland an independent country, for the party had no doubt that other elements of its agenda could be realised only after Poland achieved independence. Its uncompromising anti-communist stance made the party reject the agreements made at the Round Table. The LDPN advocated political and economic liberalism, combining it with an attachment to a conservative and Christian canon of values.

Ludwik Nowakowski “Bułgar”, The trail of “Bułgar” the legun. August 1914 – December 1916. The recollections of section corporal Ludwik Nowakowski, Part 2: January 1915 –December 1916

Szlak Leguna „Bułgara” Sierpień 1914 – grudzień 1916 Wspomnienia kaprala sekcyjnego Ludwika Nowakowskiego cz. 2 Styczeń 1915 – grudzień 1916

Author(s): Ludwik Nowakowski "Bułgar" / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 46/2015

Recollections of the years 1948-1958,

Wspomnienia z lat 1948-1958

Author(s): Michał Żak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 46/2015