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Books: The Monumental Monday-Morning Baltic Hangover
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Books: The Monumental Monday-Morning Baltic Hangover

Books: The Monumental Monday-Morning Baltic Hangover

Author(s): Leonidas Donskis / Language(s): English / Issue: 09/09/2014

Keywords: Baltics; economy; book; Lithuania; neoliberalism; austerity; Latvia; Estonia; crisis;

The Baltic states are leaking people, human capital, and public spirit. And they invested heavily in the neoliberal austerity dogma. Are the two phenomena related? The Contradictions of Austerity: The Socio-Economic Costs of the Neoliberal Baltic Model, edited by Jeffrey Sommers and Charles Woolfson. London and New York, Routledge, 2014. 200 pages.

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Balkan Eye: Europe’s Unhappy Family
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Balkan Eye: Europe’s Unhappy Family

Balkan Eye: Europe’s Unhappy Family

Author(s): Boyko Vassilev / Language(s): English / Issue: 09/09/2014

Keywords: Bulgaria; banking; economy; crisis; politics; KTB;

Bulgarians have a lot to worry about. New to the list is concern about a banking crisis.

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Around the Bloc: Signs of Hope in Ukraine Conflict, Georgia Looks to Boost Food Exports
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Around the Bloc: Signs of Hope in Ukraine Conflict, Georgia Looks to Boost Food Exports

Around the Bloc: Signs of Hope in Ukraine Conflict, Georgia Looks to Boost Food Exports

Author(s): Ky Krauthamer ,Ioana Caloianu,Anders Ryehauge / Language(s): English / Issue: 09/09/2014

Keywords: Serbia; Macedonia; Orthodox Church; Georgia; agriculture; EU; trade; Russia; export; Slovakia; Ukraine; gas; pipeline; Gazprombank; Trent Lott; lobby; sanctions, senator; John Breaux;

Plus, Ukraine breathes a sigh of relief as Slovak gas pipeline opens, and Serbian Orthodox renew feud with Macedonian brethren. Around the Bloc is TOL's daily digest of the important, the trivial, the tragic, the weird, and the sober from its coverage region.

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Language Policy Dimensions for Social Cohesion in Moldova: The Case of Gagauz Autonomy

Language Policy Dimensions for Social Cohesion in Moldova: The Case of Gagauz Autonomy

Language Policy Dimensions for Social Cohesion in Moldova: The Case of Gagauz Autonomy

Author(s): Olesea Bodean-Vozian,Angela Soltan / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2014

Keywords: Gagauz Autonomy; language policy; linguistic conflict; social cohesion

The purpose of our research was to study the new pattern of minority-majority relationship in the post-Soviet political and social configuration from the perspective of the language policy implementation and its implications for the social cohesion, particularly focusing on the Gagauz minority. The study introduces the results of a wider research covering the use of languages in the Republic of Moldova and the effectiveness of the language education, focusing on the Gagauz minority. The authors made an effort to reach a better understanding of language use and language education in the Gagauz Autonomy as well as of the linguistic choices the speakers make and their perception of the interaction with the Moldovan majority. The major questions that the authors aim to analyse are as follows: has the language policy reinforced the ties between the ethnic majority and the Gagauz minority; has it contributed to social cohesion and the principle of unity through diversity? Through the research the authors attempted to answer these questions, examining the effectiveness of language policy application in line with the established objectives. The study has revealed the complexity of Moldovan sociolinguistic landscape where functional distributions and choices among Gagauzi, Russian and Moldovan/Romanian languages in Gagauz Autonomy still remain problematic.

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Peculiarities of Foreign Language Learning at LUHS, KTU, and ASU: The Students’ Attitude

Peculiarities of Foreign Language Learning at LUHS, KTU, and ASU: The Students’ Attitude

Peculiarities of Foreign Language Learning at LUHS, KTU, and ASU: The Students’ Attitude

Author(s): Sigita Stankevičienė,Liudmila Kirikova,Irmantas Ramanauskas,Dalia Kačergienė,Edita Latvelienė / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2014

Keywords: climate of studies; foreign language teaching; problem-based learning; students’ and teachers’ competence

An increasing significance of science, a rapidly growing stream of information, and new cultural and business relationships with foreign countries are but a few factors that affect the education and training of specialists; therefore, providing practical ability to communicate in several foreign languages is one of the major components of today’s education. Continuous updating of specialist knowledge, access to the most recent literature in foreign languages, possibilities for participation in various international conferences and joint projects with foreign partners, and the associated need for foreign languages highlight the relevance of the education and training of specialists who would not limit their activity to work in a concrete sphere, but rather – on the basis of the concept of life-long learning – would be able to cooperate in science and business, communicating in at least one foreign language. The aim of the study was to reveal students’ attitudes to foreign language learning at Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LUHS), Kaunas University of Technology (KTU), and Aleksandras Stulginskis University (ASU). The objectives of the study were to discuss the theoretical aspects of foreign language learning and to reveal the students’ attitude towards the process of foreign language learning: the teachers’ competence; the climate of studies and the application of the elements of problem based learning. The following methods were applied in the study: analysis of scientific literature and a questionnaire survey. The results of the study showed that most students thought that their foreign language competence was sufficient, while the teachers’ competence was seen as deficient. The main problems about the climate of studies that the respondents indicated were inconvenient schedules and insufficiently interesting studies. Meanwhile, the students’ opinion about the application of the elements of problem-based learning in foreign language studies was favourable.

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Which Languages Have to Be Chosen? Choice of Languages in the Institute of Foreign Languages at Vytautas Magnus University

Which Languages Have to Be Chosen? Choice of Languages in the Institute of Foreign Languages at Vytautas Magnus University

Quelles langues appren dre? Choix des langues étrangères à l’université Vytautas Magnus

Author(s): Jūratė Andriuškevičienė,Daina Kazlauskaitė / Language(s): French / Issue: 4/2014

Keywords: foreign languages; multilingualism; necessity; tendency

“The main role of a language is to enable communication among people, i.e. to perform the communicative function. The language of each nation is the means to create its culture and literature (the aesthetic function), as well as to express the nation’s self-awareness and values – character, customs and thinking.” Every culture invites to respect and promote the national language and learn foreign languages in order to develop trade and different kinds of exchange, as well as intercultural communication. So which language should be chosen bearing in mind the variety? Could one language be more useful? These are the questions posed in this article. The answers will be based on the data from Euro barometer on “Europeans and their languages”, “Common European Framework of Reference for Languages” and many other European Council documents promoting multilingualism. The article will also touch upon language choice tendencies in the Institute of Foreign Languages at Vytautas Magnus University over the past 11 years, illustrated by graphs and tables. The number of languages offered by our institution has reached 30 but the analysis of language preferences shows that some languages are more popular than the others. It is well known that English has already become the lingua franca, so we will focus more on the languages that students choose as second, third, fourth etc. The map of the world according to Calvet barometer presents five most popular languages – English, Spanish, French, German and Russian. It is only logical that they appear in the same order in our tables. Europeans find English, Spanish, French, German and Russian the most useful. Over the past 11 years, Spanish, French, Italian, German, Japanese, Polish, Russian and Norwegian languages (except English) have been among the top five at VMU. Spanish, French, German and Italian have always been in the top five. The Russian language was included in this group in 2008 and its demand is growing. The most popular language is Spanish – it was in the first position nine times and only twice it gave the position over to the French language (in 2009 and 2010). Italian is not among the first five either in the world or in Europe, but at VMU it is in great demand. Students episodically demonstrate exceptional interest in Norwegian and Japanese. Oddly, Polish, the language of our neighbours, was included in the group of the top five only once over the period of analysis (in 2004). In summary, it can be stated that the comparison of language popularity in Europe discloses similarities, as well as differences. The focus of the article is to call teachers’, lecturers’ and society’s attention to the demand of life-long language learning, to invite them for discussion to compare the tendencies of foreign language preferences in Europe and Lithuania and to promote multilingualism.

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Preserving Languages Beyond The Political Dimension: Some Proposals For A Dialect Planning

Preserving Languages Beyond The Political Dimension: Some Proposals For A Dialect Planning

Preserving Languages Beyond The Political Dimension: Some Proposals For A Dialect Planning

Author(s): Andrea Bernini / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2014

Keywords: dialect planning; language planning; language policy; language rights; Intangible Cultural Heritage

In the last few years a growing attention on the preservation of languages has developed, thanks to initiatives of language planning, which imply inter alia the recognition of an idiom as a language at the political level. This view follows the dichotomy between those idioms that are official languages of institutions and those which h do not have such status, i.e. dialects. However, the difference between languages and dialects being socio-linguistic and not linguistic tout court, the efforts for preserving languages should not take the official status as a reference point. In addition, since it is very unlikely to give the same official status to a large number of languages, a different solution should be envisaged for non-official languages. Thus, they could be preserved through initiatives that can be named as dialect planning, the main purpose of which is not spreading a language in all domains but its preservation. Dialect planning is analysed in this study considering its five steps: (1) corpus planning that entails, first of all, language documentation; (2) status planning that implies some protections without entailing the recognition of the status of official language in the light of the linguistic rights; (3) prestige planning that counterbalances the ‘weaker’ status of dialects with respect to languages, by instilling in speakers the awareness that idioms are fundamental parts of cultures; (4) acquisition planning that identifies the strategies carried out for teaching a language; and (5) family language planning aimed at strengthening the family language transmission.

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Lome.io − cloud based, participatory network mapping platform for organizational network studies

Lome.io − cloud based, participatory network mapping platform for organizational network studies

Mapaorganizacji.pl – partycypacyjna platforma badań sieci organizacyjnych

Author(s): Anita Zbieg,Daniel Możdżyński,Błażej Żak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 18/2014

Keywords: organizational network studies; organizational network analysis; software; SNA; ONA; participatory network mapping

Lome.io is cloud based software for collecting and analyzing network data. It integrates the process of collecting network data designed to support the most common organizational network studies with online network analysis module. It uses a highly customizable survey module to collect data that are connected to online network visualization and statistics modules, hence fully supporting the organizational and social network analysis (ONA, SNA) research process in a cloud. We present several key features of lome.io software in the context of organizational network analysis studies.

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Organization of mega sporting events including ecologistical orientation

Organization of mega sporting events including ecologistical orientation

Organizacja wielkoformatowych imprez sportowych przy uwzględnieniu orientacji ekologistycznej

Author(s): Rajmund Żuryński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 18/2014

Keywords: ecologistics; mass events; sustainable development; organization; EURO 2012; London Olympic Games 2012

The article presents an ecological aspect of organization of mass sporting events. The issues related to waste management and reducing a negative impact of sporting events on the environment are presented. Raising awareness of the importance of environmental protection shows that new methods and conceptions like reverse logistics, ecologistics and “green” logistics are searched for. The example of London Olympic Games and EURO 2012 shows that due to ecological actions we can achieve measurable benefits.

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Dynamics of business models

Dynamics of business models

Dynamika modeli biznesu

Author(s): Aleksandra Sus / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 18/2014

Keywords: business model; dynamic capabilities; heuristics

The article focuses on approximating internal factors of the modern organizations success. Accordingly, the attention has been focused on identifying the key points of concentrating on business models, distinguishing features and their dynamic imperatives as well as the tools which implementation may be helpful in the application of effective business models. The key finding of the considerations is the fact that modern organizations more frequently use solutions in the scope of heuristic methods and techniques for solving problems, including the complications associated with business models functioning.

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Creating alternatives in business negotiations (methodological framework & case study)

Creating alternatives in business negotiations (methodological framework & case study)

Formułowanie wariantów rozwiązań w negocjacjach w przedsiębiorstwie (koncepcja metodyczna i studium przypadku)

Author(s): Andrzej Kozina / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 18/2014

Keywords: business negotiations; negotiations planning process; formulating alternatives in negotiations

The objective of the paper is to present the method of alternatives analysis in business negotiations. Firstly, various interpretations of such negotiations are described.Then theoretical and methodological assumptions of alternatives analysis in negotiations are characterized (the process and particular tools). Finally in the last part of the paper a case study is presented , concerning the creation and analysis of alternatives in investment negotiations between two building companies.

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Management of the value of an enterprise’s relationship with market stakeholders in the context of the value creation process

Management of the value of an enterprise’s relationship with market stakeholders in the context of the value creation process

Zarządzanie wartością relacji przedsiębiorstwa z rynkowymi interesariuszami – aspekt procesu tworzenia wartości

Author(s): Estera Piwoni-Krzeszowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 18/2014

Keywords: relationship; stakeholders; relationship value; creation of value; relationship value management

The management of the value of an enterprise’s relationship with market stakeholders consists in a well thought-out and organized creation of this value. The value of the relationship is generated through the delivery of relationship forging processes. A variety of factors affect these processes. Some of these factors are relational because they are affected by enterprises and their market stakeholders and directly affect the conditions and the course of the relationship. Knowledge of these factors and their importance in supporting the processes of winning, satisfying and retaining market stakeholders helps manage the value of relationships. The objective of this paper are theoretical considerations about the process of creating the relationships of enterprises with market stakeholders and empirical identification of the significance of relational factors that support this process. In order to achieve the objective the subject literature was studied and empirical research was conducted on 102 enterprises in Poland. The empirical studies have shown that relational factors that support the processes of forging of a relationship refer to the economic, strategic, behavioral and product dimensions of the relationship’s value.

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Possibilities of measuring the effectiveness of processes in public administration by means of taxonomic methods

Possibilities of measuring the effectiveness of processes in public administration by means of taxonomic methods

Możliwości pomiaru efektywności procesów w administracji publicznej z wykorzystaniem metod taksonomicznych

Author(s): Anna Ludwiczak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 18/2014

Keywords: public administration; effectiveness; measure; quality improvement

The purpose of this article is to present the possibilities of measuring the efficiency of processes in public administration offices in the context of quality management systems which operate in them and which are conformable to the requirements of BS EN ISO 9001:2009. The first part of the paper presents the results of the analysis of the possibility of measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of processes. Next, the article describes the results of the diagnosis implementation of measurement processes studied in marshal offices, for the analysis of these processes effectiveness. The study involved three selected marshals’ offices having implemented a quality management system complied with the requirements of ISO 9001. In these units a self-assessment based on the guidelines of ISO 9004, unstructured interviews with proxies for the quality management system and in-depth documentation studies were conducted. Studies showed an insufficient preparation of these units to measure the effectiveness of processes, including the implementation processes of administrative services. In the final part taxonomic meters are proposed to measure the effectiveness of processes .

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Consequences of using Japanese management concepts and methods in Polish production company

Consequences of using Japanese management concepts and methods in Polish production company

Skutki stosowania japońskich koncepcji i metod zarządzania w polskim przedsiębiorstwie produkcyjnym

Author(s): Mateusz Podobiński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 18/2014

Keywords: kaizen; lean management; Just in Time; Total Quality Management; 5S; TPM

The article attempts to present consequences using Japanese management concepts and methods which are based on research results from Polish company from Lower Silesian Voivodeship. The article presents the idea of chosen management concepts and methods. Basing on the literature and the author’s research results advantages and disadvantages of Japanese management concepts and methods in Polish production company are presented. The results of the research show that Japanese management concepts and methods have many benefits, but they need improvement. The author presents culture conditions that pose a difficulty in the implementation of Japanese management concepts and methods. The article shows characteristics of Japanese culture, which can be observed in presented management concepts and methods.

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Values as a socio-psychological determinant of managerial behaviour. Dialectical perspective

Values as a socio-psychological determinant of managerial behaviour. Dialectical perspective

Wartości jako socjopsychologiczna determinanta zachowań menedżerskich. Perspektywa dialektyczna

Author(s): Katarzyna Piórkowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 18/2014

Keywords: managerial decisions; dialectic and dual approach; managerial values; socio-psychological determinants; micro-foundations

The article presents the considerations of managerial socio-psychological decisions (behaviour) in the context of managerial values confessed, though , in a particular dialectic approach (an attitude and behaviour as well as components of confessed values). The first part of the paper illustrates the attitude and behaviour as the exemplification of a dialectic approach. The second one deals with managerial values confesses and their impact on the managerial behaviour.

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Disaggregation of factors in a model of the sense of job satisfaction

Disaggregation of factors in a model of the sense of job satisfaction

Dezagregacja czynników w modelu poczucia satysfakcji zawodowej

Author(s): Agata Borowska-Pietrzak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 18/2014

Keywords: job satisfaction; work contentment; satisfaction model; personnel function measurement of satisfaction; attributes of satisfaction

The article presents the author’s attempt to conceptualize the model of a sense of professional satisfaction. Based on the analysis of HR literature, the author has made attempts to define (disaggregation and structuring) objective factors influencing the model of sense of professional satisfaction. There are distinguished 22 factors related to the content and context of work. This is a presentation of a method of calculating the level of a declared contractual employee satisfaction. In the introduction, there is a brief synopsis of construction of the model of a sense of employee satisfaction. For this purpose, there is described the differences between the concepts of satisfaction and the contentment, satisfaction measurement tools and list factors influencing job satisfaction.

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Construction of Gender Images in Japanese Pornographic Anime

Construction of Gender Images in Japanese Pornographic Anime

Construction of Gender Images in Japanese Pornographic Anime

Author(s): Kristina Barancovaitė-Skindaravičienė / Language(s): English / Issue: 7/2013

Keywords: Gender; pornography; Japanese animation; image; Lytis; pornografija; japonų animacija; įvaizdis

The article explores the means of gender image construction in Japanese pornographic animation (hentai anime). Alongside other genres of Japanese animation, during the last decades hentai anime has gained enormous popularity all over the world. Gender as a category is especially emphasised in the animation of sexually explicit content, therefore hentai anime plays an important role as a visual medium representing the images of Japanese masculinity and femininity on the international level. Based on five representative hentai anime films of the ‘fantasy’ subgenre, the article provides an overview of the ‘male gaze’ and the ‘female gaze’ viewing perspectives in Japanese pornographic anime, semiotic means of masculine and feminine body image construction, as well as the use of time and space and its significance to the perception of the represented gender images. Straipsnyje tyrinėjamos vyriškumo ir moteriškumo įvaizdžių kūrimo priemonės japoniškoje pornografinėje animacijoje (jap. k. hentai anime). Hentai animacija, kaip ir kiti japoniškos animacijos žanrai, pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais sulaukė didžiulio populiarumo visame pasaulyje. Pornografinio turinio animaciniuose filmuose lytiškumas yra ypatingai pabrėžiamas, todėl šio žanro anime yra svarbi vizualinė priemonė, pristatanti japoniško vyriškumo ir moteriškumo įvaizdžius tarptautiniu lygmeniu. Straipsnyje, pagrįstame penkių reprezentatyvių hentai animacinių filmų medžiaga, aprašoma „vyriška“ ir „moteriška“ hentai animacijos „fantasy“ žanro perspektyva, semiotinės vyriško bei moteriško kūno įvaizdžio konstravimo priemonės, taip pat veiksmo vietos ir laiko reikšmė vaizduojamų lyčių įvaizdžių suvokimui.

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Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Author(s): Kyoko Koma / Language(s): English / Issue: 7/2013

Keywords: Introduction; Pratarmė

Introduction / Pratarmė

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Discussing Soft Power Theory After Nye: The Case Of Geun Lee‘S Theoretical Approach

Discussing Soft Power Theory After Nye: The Case Of Geun Lee‘S Theoretical Approach

Discussing Soft Power Theory After Nye: The Case Of Geun Lee‘S Theoretical Approach

Author(s): Simona Vasilevskytė / Language(s): English / Issue: 7/2013

Keywords: Soft power theory; soft power synergy; soft power dilemma; categories of soft power; Geun Lee; Joseph Nye; Švelniosios galios teorija; švelniosios galios sinergija; švelniosios galios dilema; švelniosios galios kategorijos; Geun Lee; Joseph Nye

Soft power theory was first introduced by Joseph Nye in 1990, and till this day is attracting the attention of many other political scientists, who are trying to build the best theoretical approach to it. One of such political scientists, developing his theoretical framework of soft power, Geun Lee, has proposed his way of differentiating soft and hard powers. According to Lee himself, his conceptual framework is a kind of extension of Nye’s soft power theory in terms of definition and categorization, but, differently from Nye, Lee attached the nature of power to its sources thus solving the problem of distinguishing hard and soft powers. The aim of this article is to analyze the theoretical approach of soft power theory proposed by Geun Lee. The objectives are to examine the key aspects of Lee’s approach to soft power definition, categorization, and the concepts of soft power dilemma and soft power synergy that make his approach different from others. It is pointed out that while Nye presents a more the U.S. centered, or the leading state, perspective of the use of soft power, Lee looks at it from the perspective of non-leading states, emphasizing the reasons for them to use the soft power. Thus Lee divides soft power into five different categories according to their goals and defines it according to the resources used. Moreover, by employing Putman’s two-level games theory, he discusses the use of soft power on international and domestic levels with the help of the concepts of soft power synergy and soft power dilemma. Švelniosios galios teorija pirmą kartą buvo pristatyta J. Nye dar 1990 m., tačiau iki šiol traukia daugelio politologų, bandančių jai sukurti kuo geresnį teorinį modelį, dėmesį. Vienas iš tokių mokslininkų – Geun Lee – pasiūlė savąją šios teorijos versiją, padėjusią atskirti kietąją ir švelniąją galias. Kaip teigia pats autorius, jis tiesiog išplėtė dar J. Nye sukurtą teoriją ir papildė ją švelniosios galios apibrėžimu, pasiūlydamas savo klasifikaciją. Tačiau G. Lee, skirtingai nei J. Nye, susiejo švelniąją galią tiesiogiai su jos šaltiniais ir taip tarsi išsprendė švelniosios ir kietosios galių atskyrimo problemą. Šio straipsnio tikslas – aprašyti G. Lee pasiūlytą švelniosios galios teorijos modelį. Straipsnyje siekiama išanalizuoti pagrindinius šios teorijos aspektus: švelniosios galios apibrėžimą, kategorijos bei švelniosios galios sinergijos ir švelniosios galios dilemos sąvokas. Išanalizavus G. Lee teorijos modelį, paaiškėjo, kad, skirtingai nei J. Nye, kuris savo teoriją dėsto iš Jungtinių Amerikos Valstijų, šalies lyderės, perspektyvos, G. Lee modelis parodo, kokiems tikslams nelyderiaujančios šalys naudoja savo švelniąją galią. Tam G. Lee švelniąją galią suskirsto į penkias kategorijas pagal jos panaudojimo tikslą bei tiesiogiai susieja su jos šaltiniais.

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Meta-narratives of Japanese Popular Culture and of Japan in Different Regional Contexts: Perspectives from East Asia, Western Europe, and the Middle E

Meta-narratives of Japanese Popular Culture and of Japan in Different Regional Contexts: Perspectives from East Asia, Western Europe, and the Middle E

Meta-narratives of Japanese Popular Culture and of Japan in Different Regional Contexts: Perspectives from East Asia, Western Europe, and the Middle E

Author(s): Nissim Otmazgin / Language(s): English / Issue: 7/2013

Keywords: Popular culture; Japan; state image; cultural consumption; Populiarioji kultūra; Japonija; valstybės įvaizdis; kultūrinis vartojimas

The purpose of this study is to conceptualize the relationship between the transnational dissemination and consumption of popular culture and state image through a focus on the acceptance of Japanese popular culture in different regional contexts. Specifically, this research builds on the work of surveys conducted in East Asia, Western Europe, and the Middle East comprising: 1) a questionnaire survey conducted among undergraduate university students in Seoul, Hong Kong, and Bangkok; 2) an online questionnaire survey conducted among manga fans in their 20s in France, Germany, and Italy; and 3) an ethnographic study and in-depth interviews conducted among fans of Japanese pop culture in Israel. Rather than comparing these three surveys in detail, the purpose of this study is to examine the meta-narratives they offer in relation to the way popular culture shapes Japan’s image in the world. Šios straipsnio tikslas yra suvokti transnacionalinės sklaidos ir populiariosios kultūros bei valstybės įvaizdžio santykį, pabrėžiant Japonijos populiariosios kultūros pripažinimą skirtingame regioniniame kontekste. Tiksliau kalbant, ši studija paremta tyrimais, atliktais Rytų Azijoje, Vakarų Europoje ir Vidurio Rytuose, kurie susideda iš: 1) bakalauro studentų Seule, Honkonge ir Bankoke klausimyno analizės; 2) interaktyvių interneto klausimynų, pateiktų jauniems komiksų (manga) fanams Prancūzijoje, Vokietijoje ir Italijoje, analizės; 3) etnografinio tyrimo bei giluminių interviu, kurie buvo daryti su Japonijos populiariosios kultūros fanais Izraelyje. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra labiau ne šių trijų tyrimų detalus palyginimas, o populiariosios kultūros formuojamo Japonijos įvaizdžio pasaulyje, pateikiamo tyrimų naratyvuose, nagrinėjimas.

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