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The Way into Belief in the Holy Trinity – the Spiritual Autobiography of Hilary of Poiters

Droga do wiary w Trójcę Świętą. Duchowa autobiografia Hilarego z Poitiers

Author(s): Helena Karczewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

Hilary in the first book of his work About The Holy Trinity sets his spiritual autobiography which is his way into believing in The Holy Trinity. The bishop from Poitiers starts his search of God from asking questions of the meaning and goal of life. Analyzing different philosophical systems and after words The Holy Bible, he comes to the conclusion that only God is able to feel the tormenting emptiness of the human heart. Hilary’s confession of conversion encourages readers to start together with him the consideration about the Holy Trinity. He stresses that he himself went through everything that was concluded in the work. Hilary’s Spiritual autobiography is also inseparable element of his activities against Arians and shows that only believing into the Holy Trinity a human can reach joy and peace.

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St. Francis de Sales as a Tutor and Educator

Franciszek Salezy jako wychowawca i pedagog

Author(s): Morand Wirth / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

St. Francis de Sales is not considered as an educationalist. His surname does not appear in the history of education and he is not quoted by books related to this subject. What is more, even his concept of education is generally neglected by catholic authors. We have to admit, that Francis de Sales didn’t write any pedagogic treatise, anyway during his pastoral activities in many places he was making suggestions and real references to education. The author of this article tries to focus on one thing: his importance as an educator and an educationalist. An educator, because he practiced education spontaneously on regular bases and an educationalist as well, in terms of taking education as a subject of reflection.

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The Problem of the Act of Creation in Question 44, Part I of Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Theologica

Zagadnienie aktu stwórczego w kwestii 44 części I Sumy Teologicznej św. Tomasza z Akwinu

Author(s): Tomasz Pawlikowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

In Western theological and philosophical tradition, God is conceived to be the Creator of all that exists. The doctrine of creatio ex nihilo (creation out of nothing) has longstanding centrality in this understanding, by the time of Aquinas, concerns over the possibility of the universe itself existing from eternity led to thinking of creation out of nothing as the generic category of which initial creation. This doctrine involves, by St. Thomas Aquinas, areas of philosophical concern of Aristotle’s theory of four causes and Plato's theory of the participation, and the relationship between each. For Aquinas, the act of creation includes God’s activity as the efficient, exemplar and final cause every contigential things. The creation is the act whereby God brings a things into existence from a state of non-existence, but what is peculiar to creation is the entire absence of any prior subject-matter - ex nihilo subjecti. It is therefore likewise the production totius substantiæ - of the entire substance. The preposition ex, “out of”, imply that nihil, “nothing”, is to be conceived as the material out of which a thing is made - materia ex qua. Moreover, the things or beings as an object of the creative act in its entitative dependence on the Creator, it follows that, as this dependence is essential, and hence inamissible, the creative act once placed is coextensive in duration with the creature’s existence and perfections. This is the participative dependence beings created on God. What makes possible coherence between theory of four causes and theory of the beings participation is Aquinas’ theory of analogy. This is general theory in Aquinas’ metaphysics. The analogy of beings allows to show as coexistences two difference aspects of the same created things: its dependence on God as Prima Causa and on God as being absolutely perfect (the created beings aren’t perfect, but they participate in its own act of existence and own perfections created by God). God as being absolutely perfect – fullness of perfection is the Self-subsistens Being itself – Ipsum Esse per se subsistens.

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Participation of Lay People in the Apostolate of Religious Community. The Example of Redemptorists Congregation

Partycypacja świeckich w apostolstwie wspólnoty zakonnej na przykładzie Zgromadzenia Redemptorystów

Author(s): Marek Saj / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

Lay people occupy a very important place in the community of the People of God like other groups: religious or clergy. Their vocation is to be people called to transform the world in the spirit of Gospel through the testimony of their daily lives. In many situations they can take part of the apostolic works of the Church without loosing their own identity and their own specific vocation in the world and in the Church. In this evangelical mission they are invited to a very close collaboration with the Church’s hierarchy. In this collaboration they are not treated only as helpers but as partners sharing responsibility for that noteworthy mission. The Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, aware of its mission in the Church and in the world and reading the signs of the time, invites lay people do participate in its apostolic activity. Its institutions and provinces are constantly searching for new forms and ways of collaboration through several meetings and issued documents regarding this matter. Redemptorists, according to their possibilities, are trying to create an atmosphere that will facilitate this common evangelical work. Quite often there are lay people that take initiative and propose new ways of collaboration in proclaiming the Gospel. They express their desire to be involved in the Redemptorists mission so they can live in their lives the charism given to the Redemptorists by their founder saint Alphonsus. In many cases, without the help of lay people, the massage that the Redemptorists bring to the world, would never, or with many difficulties, arrive to its addressee.

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Hope as a Dynamism of Human’s Development and Existence

Nadzieja jako dynamizm rozwoju i egzystencji człowieka

Author(s): Stanisław Chrobak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

Instead of just ‘being’, man is sort of ‘becoming’ during his existence. Of particular importance to the becoming, which embraces the whole of existence, is the being and activity of a personal subject. Man is naturally open and creative: becoming and self-fulfilling. Man who continually strives for his fullness in all his actions and dealings is supported by hope. Hope comes true in the sheer existence of a subject, and it relates to a personal subject who has hope. Being full of hope, man goes beyond the boundaries of his existence. He is looking for the meaning of man in all the dimensions of his human existence. Hope is a gift which you receive, but also a gift which you may be entrusted with. It is a reference to a certain experience, which is reflected in the statement: ‘I have hope’. The issue of hope is thus inherent in the multidimensional nature of man’s ‘being’ and the multidirectional character of his ‘becoming’. It is a response to what is associated with the vital situation of man in his existence. It requires courage, strain and effort. Man called homo esperans is open to and explores the future, trying to set distant goals which he is going to reach. What makes hope so distinctive is its turn to the future. It makes you aware that there is something more. Not all of our desires and expectations get fulfilled: some do while others do not. However, we do not lose hope even when they do not come true because there is still that paradoxical element of hope: having hope against… hope. Therefore, the time of hope is a time of dialogue, question and answer, and of applying hope to a specific event, the meaning and sense of which is interpreted through the prism of tomorrow.

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The Ecological Relecanve of Philosophical Antropology

Ekologiczna relewancja antropologii filozoficznej

Author(s): Zbigniew Łepko / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

Die menschliche Erfahrung der heutzutage bestehenden Umweltkrise hat zu einer neuartigen Orientierung geführt, in der sehr bewusst fachübergreifende und integrative theoretische Grundlagen erörtert und daraus Konsequenzen für die Praxis abgeleitet werden. Die von dieser Orientierung angenommene Ausgangspunkt, die Umweltfrage sei im Grunde die Anthropologiefrage, zieht nach sich die weiteren Voraussetzungen. Erstens ist die, dass die ökologische Krise vor allem die biologisch-zivilisierte Anwesenheit des Menschen in der Natur „dokumentiert“; dieser Voraussetzung nach bildet die ökologische Krise nicht nur das Problem der Lebenszukunft in der Natur, sondern auch und vielmehr das Anwesenheitsproblem des Menschen in der Natur. Zweitens ist die, dass der Mensch von Natur aus das Kulturwesen ist; dieser Voraussetzung nach erfüllen unsere stammesgeschichtlichen Anpassungen in vielen Fällen ihre arterhaltende Funktion erst im Zusammenspiel mit kulturell tradierten Verhaltensmustern.

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St. Francis de Sales Salesian Community in Lomianki (1982-2007)

Wspólnota salezjańska pw. Św. Franciszka Salezego w Łomiankach (1982-2007). Jubileusz ćwierćwiecza istnienia

Author(s): Ryszard F. Sadowski,Tadeusz Kołosowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

Year 2007 is the 25th anniversary of establishing the St. Francis de Sales’ Salesian Community in Lomianki. This article presents the outline of the community’s history. It describes work done by members of the community during 25 years of its existence. It also shows scientific progress of the community and its members, pastoral activities and service for the St. Adalbert’s Salesian Province in Pila.

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Martyrologium Romanum” as Preservation of Martyrs’lives–„the Poznan Five”. Spirituality of the New Blessed

„Martyrologium Romanum” utrwaleniem życia świętych – Piątka Poznańska. Duchowość nowych błogosławionych

Author(s): Władysław Nowak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

On June 13, 1999 Pope John Paul II beatified 108 clergy and lay people for martyrdom suffered during Poland's violent occupation by Nazi German forces during World War II. This article shows five of the martyrs – Czeslaw Jozwiak, Edward Kazmierski, Franciszek Kesy, Edward Klinik and Jarogniew Wojciechowski. All of them were associated with Salesians and were involved as leaders in the Salesian Youth Center in Poznan. Author presents their spiritual ways and martyrdom and points them out as role models for young Christians in 21 century.

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„Martytologium Romanum“ Meaning, Value and Relevance of the Last Liturgical Book Published after the Second Vatican Council

Martyrologium Romanum. Znaczenie, walor i aktualność

Author(s): Manlio Sodi / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

Die volle Verständnis des letzten Buches der liturgischen Reform des II. Vatikanischen Konzils Martyriologium Romanum, erfordert die Erkenntnis des Redaktionsprozesses, der zu der jetzigen Form des Buches geführt hat. Es war eine sehr intensive Arbeit, die sich zum Ziel, die Erneuerung der Bewusstheit über die vielen verschiedenen Arten von Heiligkeit in der Kirche, genommen hat. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Kirche seit Jahrhunderten über die Heiligkeit der Kirche wie auch ihr Mitglieder belehrt.

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Lay and „Christian” Bioethics and the Crisis of Moral Rationality

Bioetyka laicka i „chrześcijańska” a kryzys racjonalności moralnej

Author(s): Grzegorz Hołub / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

This article sets out Hugo Tristram Engelhardt’s projects of secular and “Christian” bioethics. In the first one, a kind of pragmatic moral rationality is deployed; whereas the second one is characterised by the religious and communitarian moral rationality. In the article, it is argued that this distinction neglects a kind of moral rationality which stems from the notions of the person and its unique dignity which are available to grasp despite different cultural differences. What makes them so trans-cultural is also a fact that they are enshrined in the all-important international documents, including bioethical ones.

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Inspirationen aus der herbarts forschung für die pädagogik von heute (beiträge der teilnehmer einer podiumsdisskusion)

Inspiracje herbartowskie współczesnej pedagogiki (głosy uczestników dyskusji panelowej)

Author(s): Dariusz Stępkowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

Anläßlich des zweihundertsten Jahrestages der Ersterscheinung der Allgemeinen Pädagogik von Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841) fand am 16.11.2006 im Institut für Pädagogik der Kardinal-Stefan-Wyszynski-Universität in Warschau eine Fachkonferenz statt, an der zahlreiche Wissenschaftler aus Polen und Gäste aus Deutschland teilnahmen. Zum Abschluß der eintägigen Tagung wurde eine Podiumsdisskusion veranstaltet, die zum Ziel hatte, die Geschichte und den heutigen Standpunkt der Herbartsforschung in Polen zu billanzieren, sowie die Perspektiven für die Zukunft aufzuzeigen. Am Gespräch beteiligten sich sowohl die Referenten, wie auch die Teilnehmer der Konferenz: Prof. D. Benner (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Prof. T. Hejnicka-Bezwinska (Kasimir-der-Große-Universität in Torun), Prof. W. P. Zaczynski und Dr. A. Fijalkowski (Warschauer Universität), Dr. L. Marszalek und Dr. Dariusz Stepkowski SDB (Kardinal-Stefan-Wyszynski-Universität in Warschau). In diesem Artikel wurden ihre Beiträge wiedergegeben.

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Holy Spirit in the Letters of St. Paul

Duch Święty w listach św. Pawła

Author(s): Alfio Marcello Buscemi / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

Parler du Saint-Esprit chez saint Paul, cela signifie aborder un des thèmes les plus centraux et complexes de la théologie paulinienne. Paul, en effet, parle souvent de l’Esprit et il le considère en tant que personne qui agit dans l’histoire du salut, dans la vie de l’église et de chaque croyant. En ce sens là les épîtres de Paul ne nous donnent pas une notion de l’Esprit, mais une expérience de l’Esprit qui concerne Dieu, le Christ et l’homme qui agissent en vue de la pleine réalisation du salut. De là vient l’abondance des titres attribués au Saint-Esprit et la diversité bariolée des manifestations charismatiques qui, dans la force de l’Eprit, opèrent dans les communautés pauliniennes : la glossolalie, la prophétie, les charismes de l’apostolat et de la vie chrétienne, etc. A cause de la complexité et afin de respecter la pensée de Paul à propos de l’Eprit, pensée liée à l’expérience, l’auteur commence son étude à partir de la riche terminologie de l’Apôtre dans ses épîtres. Sont présentées aussi les différentes interprétations de cette terminologie. L’auteur met en évidence que la racine littéraire profonde dont Paul s’inspire pour présenter la réalité de l’ « esprit de Dieu » vient de la révélation vétérotestamentaire. Paul tire de cette source sa pensée, ses images et ses expressions pour signifier la réalité de l’Esprit. En un mot l’Ancien Testament donne à Paul le modèle littéraire avec lequel il exprime sa pensée sur l’Esprit. Après l’auteur passe à la description des différents aspects de l’action de l’Esprit présentés par saint Paul dans ses épîtres.

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Present martyrs for the faith requirements of the canonization process

Współcześni męczennicy za wiarę – wymagania procesu kanonizacyjnego

Author(s): Arkadiusz Domaszk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

From the beginning of the Church, the cult of martyrs was developed. The Vatican Council II had an influence on martyrdoms, which is understood as the special gift and the highest test of the love for Jesus. The canonization process has to arise these truths into day’s light, it has to testify about the sainthood of martyrs. Dissertation undertakes the problem of the martyrdom with reference to norms of the canonical law which regulate the course of the canonization case. The consideration bears upon present martyrs, without treatment historic processes. First part of the report undertakes the problem of the martyrdom in his canonical elements. Next part of the dissertation introduce the most important requirements of the process in the diocesan investigation. The further part bears upon works in Congregation of Canonization Matters. The last part refers to differences among the beatification and the canonization. In the legal idea of the martyrdom, the notion of the person of the persecutor deserves attention. During the 20th Century the traditional understanding of this idea widened on so called the collective persecutor eg. German Nazism. The martyrdom for the faith means the physical decease of the man. The torment of the person by the persecutor, but without the deprival of his life - does not determine legally - the canonical construction of the martyr’s decease. In the present canonization procedure, the diocesan bishop acts as an integral part. Valuing of his charges of a particular church is an essential feature of the current canonization law.

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The Method of Work Centers in Teaching Religion

Metoda ośrodków pracy w nauczaniu religii dzieci upośledzonych umysłowo

Author(s): Iwona Kaftan / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

The article is devoted to applying the method of “the centre of work“ into teaching religion to mentally handicapped children. The research aims at presenting theoretical and practical usefulness of the method, introduced by M. Grzegorzewska into global teaching, in teaching religion actively to mentally handicapped pupils. The method of “the centre of work“ emerged from the method of “the centre of interest” by O. Decroly and it is regarded as the best method to work with the mentally handicapped learner as it is adjusted to his developmental needs, physical and psychical abilities. The method aims at the optimal, versatile psychophysical development of the child in modern conditions. It seems beneficial to add spiritual development of the learner into its assumptions. The author of the article is creatively looking for new teaching materials and new means of communication to motivate children to participate actively in religion lessons.

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„These Activities Seek to Prepare the Salesians to Work for the Welfare of Souls”. Historical and Pedagogical Contribution to the Presentation of the

„Te zajęcia przygotowują salezjanów do pracy dla dobra dusz”. Przyczynek historyczno-pedagogiczny do prezentacji asystencji salezjańskiej jako etapu f

Author(s): Marek T. Chmielewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

The Salesian gathering puts forward to the fellow-brethren, who are in the initial formation phase, a proposal for a special formation way. Having completed the novitiate as well as 2-year theological studies they proceed to the 2-year educational-priestly practical training to complete some salesian work task. It is traditionally called “Assistance”. After completion of that time they return to seminary in order to continue studies. Such untypical formation iter is often misunderstood even by clergymen or monastic people and the Salesians are unjustly accused of making initial formation unnecessarily too long. Sometimes the Salesians themselves look at the Assistance more as the time of very hard work than initial formation phase. The author of this work, reaching out for these phenomena, takes up an effort to show what the Assistance indeed is. He tries to explain how it came to establishing the assistance in 1901, so after Father Bosko’s death. He also tries to point to the role in this respect of Father Bosko as well as his successors. He closes his considerations with a few pedagogical remarks on the contemporary challenges related to the Salesian Assistance that both the formed and the forming have to face.

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Jom Kippur – an Attempt to Find Its Origins

Jom Kippur – próba znalezienia genezy

Author(s): Sylwester Jędrzejewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

The penitential rite, describe in the Book of Leviticus, was performed in the earliest, ahistorical stage of development of the chosen nation. This rite was practised in the Salomon’s Temple and in local churches as well. Originally (Nb 28-29), there was no name for the rite, however the calling of assemblies is known in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month. Definitively, the biblical scene of the penitential rite is presented in the Book of Leviticus (Lv 16). It is supposed that, the after-deportation text of Leviticus (chapter 16) is a sacerdotal halachic midrash of previous text (Lv 23; 26-32), which is based on different texts (Nb 28-29 and Ex 30). The whole text was supplemented with a penitential rite from the deportation time. Yet, the origin of the annual penitential rite remains unknown. If we acknowledge that the interpretation of the rite has survived throughout the centuries in apocryphal theology, then we can associate its origin with annual penitential rite of seminomadic Hebrew tribes. Hence, we can connect the feast with a hope of fulfillment the promise made by God with Abraham.

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Sociobiological Perspective on Human Gender Differences

Socjobiologiczne ujęcie zróżnicowania płciowego człowieka

Author(s): Ewa Kowalská / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

Sociobiology is an interdisciplinary science dependent on Darwin’s theory of evolution. It owes innovatory capacity thanks to theory that was formulated in 1964 by W. Hamilton, and named “kim selection”. This theory based on assumption, that unit of natural selection is one gene. Only this genetic program will be succeed which will continuously make copies of themselves from generation to generation, in consideration that organism will be carrier of this programs. DNA passing occurs by way of asexual reproduction, or sexual reproduction. It turned out that from two above – mentioned, favorably is sexual reproduction, because create live diversity, that increase in changeable and can’t stipulate environment. Also sexual reproduction, has contribute to elimination of the harmful mutation. Consequence of sexual reproduction is division to men and women organisms. Features that distinguish male from female are biological determined. In that features specify anatomical, physiological and behavior. Diversity of the body structure and behavior exposed in connection with production ovum by female and spermatozoon by male. Consequence is specific division of work. Sociobiology, which adjudicate about animals live usurp the right to adjudicate about social human live style. It was sharply criticized in 1975 after E. O. Wilson published “Sociobiology: The New Synthesis”. Under social pressure Wilson separated human sociobiology from classical sociobiology. However this article doesn’t bring up controversial issue, only try to present diversity male and female in the light of this scientific discipline.

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Pioneers of Salesian Work in Przemyśl, Poland

Współtwórcy „salezjańskiego Przemyśla”

Author(s): Jan Pietrzykowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

Bishop Józef Sebastian Pelczar was the first co-originator of the salesian educational and pastoral establishment in Przemyśl. He was at the same time a great benefactor of the Salesians. He donated 33 thousand of krones, then the vicar of the Przemyśl cathedral – father canon Karol Krementowski – offered 15 thousand krones, for which a plot of 5 hectares land with a bungalow and agricultural property were bought on the left-hand side riverbank part of Przemyśl. This landed property gave the above mentioned bishop to the Salesians settling on the River San in Przemyśl in the year 1907. Father August Hlond was the first promoter and director of the place for the youth, he became later provincial of the Polish Salesians in Vienna. He was also the Apostolic Administrator and Bishop of Katowice Diocese, the Archbishop of Gniezno and Poznań, the Primate of Poland, the Cardinal and Archbishop of Gniezno and Warsaw. Some distinguished salesian confreres were linked with the house in Przemyśl like: provincial Fr Antoni Hlond (Chlondowski) and Fr Adam Cieślar; martyrs of Auschwitz: venerable Fr Józef Kowalski and Fr Jan Świerc, director of the “House of Care of St. Joseph” Fr Wiktor Zdrzałek, founders of new churches and organizers of new salesian establishments – Fr Walenty Kozak and Fr Jan Symior, chaplain to the Forces Fr Władysław Dec, and distinguished musicians, teachers in the School for Organists Fr Zdzisław Kasprzak (Idzi Mański) and Fr Jan Bednarz. Therefore within the hundred-year presence of the Salesians in Przemyśl, many eminent and distinguished priests from different orders and the diocese of Przemyśl were connected with the place.

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Human Dignity – Educational Implications

Godność osoby – implikacje na polu wychowawczym

Author(s): Bogdan Stańkowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

The following article tries to describe what is human dignity and which are its repercussions in education. The first part presents the idea of the human dignity as an ontological value which is supreme and belongs only to the human being. Only a man possesses this ability to contemplate his own existence. The other part of this article describes problems connected with educating students to be aware of their responsibility to form their own personal dignity. Human dignity does not depends on biological, psychological or social characteristics. It represents a value which should be discovered ed promoted in education. It leads undoubtedly to live consciously putting on the first place student’s dignity.

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Mankind’s Responsibilities in «Universal Declaration of Human Rights» and Social Doctrine of the Church

Obowiązki człowieka w «Powszechnej Deklaracji Praw Człowieka» oraz w społecznym nauczaniu Kościoła

Author(s): Tomasz Robert Gałkowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2008

In 2008 will be 50 anniversary of passing of Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 25 anniversary of its passing, Pontifical Council lustitia et Pax published a document «The Catholic Church and human rights», which includes synthesis of Church doctrine regarding human rights. The main attribute of this doctrine shows correlation between rights and duties of human beings. The author shows that Declaration mentiones about human rights at art. 29.1, which should be read in a wider context of art. 28 and the next points of art. 29. He claims that Declaration says about human rights at art 1 refering to an idea of brotherhood. Also, he idicates that refering to this idea is not sufficient to motivate human beings rights. He stresses that correlation of human rights and duties in social doctrine of Church exists on the basis of terms of love.

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