English – Ottoman relations during William Trumbull as ambassador (1686-1691)

Englesko-osmanski odnosi u vreme ambasadora Vilijema Trambula (1686-1691)

Author(s): Marija V. Kocić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 42/2013

Keywords: William Trumbull; Ottoman Empire; diplomacy; Levant Company

English–Ottoman relations during William Trumbull as the ambassador depended on a number of factors, some of which were imposed by the constellation of relations in Europe of that period. To England, the Ottoman Empire was important for distribution of their textile and colonial goods, but also for acquisition of materials for their growing industry. Porte, faced with a series of defeats, endeavoured to maintain good relations with England, and they were forced to respect and keep track of interests of English merchants. Even so, occasional controversies occurred, related to excessive flat rate taxes. William Trumbull’s actions were conditioned by the Levant Company interests, which was faced with a decline in trade turnovers. Politics of England by the beginning of the reign of William III were shadowed by the war with France, which erupted in May 1689. At the same time, the negotiations in Vienna between the League and the Porte were resumed, thus allowing Trumbull to gain in significance as a diplomat for Whitehall. The greatest threat in this field was represented by the new ambassador of Louis XIV, Châteauneuf, who built his influence due to engineers and money, which Versailles began to send to the Ottoman Empire. William III endeavoured to recruit to his side people of influence, and he also counted on Trumbull. As a result, he was summoned to return to England, while William Hussey was elected to replace him.

The masaccre in front of the town marketplace Markale on the 28th of august 1995

Masakr ispred gradske tržnice Markale 28. augusta 1995. godine

Author(s): Merisa Karović / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 42/2013

Keywords: Markale; siege; Sarajevo; massacre; civilians; investigation; Inspection register; MUP RBiH; UNPROFOR; ICTY

If we compare the investigation of the United Nations after the mass crimes committed against civilians before the 28thof August 1995 including the massacre of Markale from the 5thof February 1994, with the investigation after the crimes at Markale II, we can conclude that they perfectly fitted the political and military context, i.e. their results corresponded to the contemporary condition of the UNPROFOR forces on the field. All up to this massacre at Markale, the majority of UNPROFOR investigations were indefinite and vague thus (consciously) keeping open the question of responsibility of “both sides” for this crime. The phrase “the culprit was not identified”’, which was often used by United Nations, served as a perfect alibi for the intervention of NATO pact. Thereby, the avoidance of concrete action was an encouragement for the continuation of Sarajevo bombing. Nevertheless, in the case of the massacre at Markale from the 28thof August 1995, final conclusions of the UNPROFOR investigation clearly and undoubtedly claimed that the shells were fired from the position of “SRK”, from the direction of Trebević and Lukavica. However, the fact that official results of these investigations were published only after the “most vulnerable” elements of UNPROFOR members from the area of Goražde were evacuated and after all the necessary measures for their protection on other points were undertaken and that in the meantime the UNPROFOR commander in his statements to media spoke very indefinitely about who fired the mortar shells, says enough about the UNPROFOR tactics and providing of the motive for the manipulation which followed after the mass killings of civilians on other locations.Only after the mentioned conditions were fulfilled, were the perpetrators of this crime punished by bombing of the “VRS” positions by NATO, which eventually led to the end of the international armed conflict and the ending of the Sarajevo siege. But as the result of this late reaction are, among other things, the mass killings of civilians by shelling, sniping and aerial bombing from the posts of “SRK”, committed on other 223 locations in the besieged part of the city. Despite the conclusion of the ICTY Trial Chamber in the case of Dragomir Milošević that the shell was “beyond any reasonable doubt” fired from the positions of “SRK”, the commander of this corps was freed from the charge of shelling Markale because at the time of execution of his order, he was receiving medical treatment in Belgrade. It is a terrible fact that neither his substitute nor any other commander from lower levels, nor direct executioners were tried and that there is no court verdict that convicts this crime

Sources of financing of the Serb Orthodox church in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1945-1962) with a particular review on the direct state help

Izvori finansiranja Srpske pravoslavne crkve u Bosni i Hercegovini (1945-1962) s posebnim osvrtom na direktnu državnu pomoć

Author(s): Denis Bećirović / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 42/2013

Keywords: State grants; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Serb Orthodox church; Communists; Yugoslavia

The main sources of financing of the Serb Orthodox church in Bosnia and Herzegovina after the Second World War were: church estates, church buildings, monastery and other estates, tax incomes on church rituals – baptizing of children, weddings, funerals, house blessings, the cutting of the Slava(lit. celebration) cake, water blessing, almsgiving, alms for the mending and building of churches etc. Apart from the mentioned things, the Serb Orthodox church received income from selling and distribution of candles, incense, crosses, icons, leaves, books, brochures, calendars etc. One part of the income stemmed from the help of church organizations from abroad. Generally looking, the Serb Orthodox church did not solve the problem of the financial independence from the external source of financing after the war. The Government paid subsidy to the Serb Orthodox church, partly in the form of social insurance for priests and help for the priest associations and partly trough direct state grants. The church accepted it as a partial compensation for the expatriated property after 1945. The competent authorities for decisions about the financial help for the religious communities were the Federal executive council and the Republic executive councils. The state help depended on the good will of the ruling structures and was conditioned by loyal behaviour of church representatives towards the state. It had to be discussed every year which often brought the church into a subordinate position. One of the aims of the state policy towards the Serb Orthodox church was to weaken its traditional sources of income and bringit into the position of economic dependence from the state. The state kept the right to decide whether and in what scope it would materially help the Serb Orthodox church.

Editorial

Riječ redakcije

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 42/2013

U ovom broju časopisa Prilozi u rubrici Članci i rasprave objavljujemo sedam naučnih radova u kojima se tretiraju razna pitanja iz historije počevši od srednjega vijeka do savremenog doba. U članku Radoje Ljubišić – najznatniji trebinjski vlastelin Salih Jalimam raspravlja o trgovačkim, vojnim i diplomatskim aktivnostima vrlo utjecajnog trebinjskog vlastelina u prvoj polovici 15. stoljeća. Riječ je o radu u kojem se na temelju neobjavljenih izvora i raspoložive literature osvjetljava ličnost trebinjskog vlastelina Radoja Ljubišića, koji se sredinom 15. stoljeća isticao brojnim kontaktima sa Dubrovačkom Republikom te sudjelovao u brojnim trgovačkim, vojnim i diplomatskim aktivnostima srednjovjekovne Bosne.

Index of authors

Indeks autora

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 42/2013

Index of authors

A wholesaler as a creditor

Veletrgovac kao kreditor

Author(s): Hana Younis / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 42/2013

Keywords: Bosnia and Herezegovina; Sarajevo; commerce

The reforms in the 19th century in Bosnia Vilayet accelerated the liberalization of market which ensured growth of a small number of merchants in Sarajevo, in economic as well as in their social position. Growing richer and broadening the scope of business in the mid 19th century, they became wholesalers. The market liberalization that directly influenced the broadening of the scope of business was noticeable in Sarajevo through the increased need for cash money. Since the modern banking system of the period, was still not active in Sarajevo, a certain number of wholesalers used the space and actively joined crediting as an additional business with a relatively sure and good earning. We can say that wholesalers from Sarajevo had an important role as creditors in the town during the last decades of the Ottoman rule. Certain wholesale houses dealt with crediting as an additional business, whereas others did it occasionally. Sarajevan wholesalers borrowed money with gain, but also without it. Certain wholesale houses that borrowed money without interest did it because of religious reasons or friendship relations. Even though we possess a limited number of records, we can still state that Muslim wholesalers joined crediting but also that they borrowed money mainly without the interest because of religious motives. There were also examples of Christian wholesalers who borrowed money without interest but this was done mainly for a short period of several days and based on friendship relations. The money borrowed with gain or interest was usually in golden ducats, and rarely in some other currency. The whole sum was noted in the value of the silver coins (Groschen) at the time when borrowing was arranged. The borrowing was done by record in a sened (promissory note), temesuk (certificate), defter (register) or trough the written confirmation without a special mark. When borrowing money with interest, the Sarajevan wholesalers immediately agreed on the interest rate that was not variable. It varied in average from 6% to 12% on the annual level, corresponded to the legally allowed interest rate and could not therefore be considered as usurious. For every possible late payment, even if it was just one day, additional interest was paid. Principal and interest payment was extremely high in percent wand therefore enabled good profit. Payment of money and gain was done by an agreement between the debtor and the creditor whereby the court initiated a lawsuit for any misunderstanding. All borrowings of money, with gain or without it, depended on the owner of money and the person who lent a certain amount of money and mutual confidence was vital for the determination of interest percent. Therefore, it can be stated that wholesalers from Sarajevo dealt with crediting but how it was done depended on each wholesaler individually.

Contribution to the biography of the commander of the ustasha Black legion Jure Francetić (1912-1942). Beetween the Ustasha Mythology and Reality

Prilozi za biografiju zapovjednika ustaške Crne legije Jure Francetića (1902.-1942.).

Author(s): Željko Karaula / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 42/2013

Keywords: Jure Francetić; the Ustasha movement; NDH (Independent State of Croatia); Black legion; Bosnia and Herzegovina

This paper presents biographic data which illuminate the life path of Jure Francetić,the Ustasha revolutionary and terrorist, lieutenant colonel and commander of the “Black legion”. As one of the first Ustasha emigrants (1933), the young Francetić joined the Ustasha militia and accepted their postulates and the national and fascist ideology. His actions were not sufficiently clarified until the 10thof April 1941 due to the lack of archival material, whereas the period of his activities at the top of the political and military structure of the Ustasha rule from April 1941 until his death in December 1942 was imbued with mythological elements which are difficult to master in recent historiographic production.

Adminstrative – territorial changes in Herzegovina from 1945 to 1966

Administrativno-teritorijalne promjene u Hercegovini od 1945. do 1966. godine

Author(s): Adnan Velagić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 42/2013

Keywords: Herzegovina; administrative organization; Yugoslavia; Bosnia and Herzegovina

In the period of building of the state socialist system, the Yugoslav authority changed the administrative and territorial organization of the country many times. The first moves in that direction were done immediately after the Second World War, on the 16thof August 1945 when the Presidency of the National Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina passed the Law on territorial division of Federal Bosnia and Herzegovina into regions, districts and areas of local national councils. According to this law, Bosnia and Herzegovina was divided into 7 regions and Herzegovinian regions had 12 districts. The following year, a Law on Changes and Additions to the Law on territorial division of Federal Bosnia and Herzegovina into regions, districts and areas of local national councils was passed and regulated the formation of the thirteenth Ostrožac district with the seat in Ostrožac within the Herzegovinian region. With the new Law on the administrative - territorial division from 1949, People’s Republic Bosnia and Herzegovina was divided into four regions and the Mostar region included 13 districts. In 1950 the Presidency of the National Assembly of People’s Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina proclaimed a new Law on the administrative and territorial division of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to which the Mostar region now included 14 districts and 165 local national councils. In 1952, the National Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina passed and proclaimed a new Law on the division of People’s Republic Bosnia and Herzegovina. This law abolished the existing regions, and the new administrative – territorial division was introduced into 66 districts, 5 towns (1 on the territory of Herzegovina –Mostar) and 418 municipalities of which 53 were town municipalities and 8 of them on the territory of Herzegovina. With this division of 1952, the territory of Herzegovina covered 14 districts. In 1955 the National Assembly of People’s Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, passed a new Law on the area of districts and municipalities in People’s Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina at the session of the Republican Council. According to this law Bosnia and Herzegovina was administratively and territorially organized into 15 districts. In the area of Herzegovina, two districts were formed –Mostar and Trebinje. The new administrative and territorial division was adopted in 1958 when a new Law on areas of districts and municipalities in People’s Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was passed. According to this Law the districts of Derventa, Trebinje and Zvornik were abolished, so that People’s Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was now divided into 12 districts. According to this law, the district of Mostar had 17 municipalities.

POSSIBILITIES AND DIRECTIONS OF APPLYING STATISTIC MODELS IN MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS

MOGUĆNOSTI I PRAVCI PRIMJENE STATISTIČKIH MODELA U MAKROEKONOMSKOJ ANALIZI

Author(s): Šemsudin Plojović / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 06/2007

Keywords: statistički modeli; parametri; predviđanje; analiza

U ovom radu ću govoriti o statističko ekonometrijskim modelima kojise mogu primeniti na modeliranje privrede. u okviru rada predstavljam prednosti i nedostatke skavog pojedinalnog modela i govorim o njihovim karakteristikama. Budući da ekonometrija pretpostavlja postojanje definiranih osnova međusobnih zavisnosti ekonomskih veličina zadanih ekonomskom teorijom, može se reći da ekonomska teorija prethodi ekonometrijskom zaključivanju. Stoga ako se kao rezultat primjene modela na raspoložive podatke dobije "pogrešan" predznak ili veličina nekog parametra, u općem slučaju se takva ocjena smatra nezadovoljavajućom. Statističkim se kriterijima vrednuje statistička značajnost ocjene parametara modela. Najčešći statistički kriteriji su: a) koeficijent determinacije i b) standardne greške ocjena parametara. Koeficijent determinacije je postotak varijacija zavisne varijable oko njezine srednje vrijednosti, koji je objašnjen varijacijama nezavisnih varijabli. Stoga je koeficijent determinacije indikator relevantnosti uključenih faktora i valjanosti modela kao cjeline. Standardne greške ocjena parametara predstavljaju mjeru disperzije ocjena oko pravih vrijednosti parametara, te služe za vrednovanje pouzdanosti ocjena pojedinih parametara. Međutim, statistički kriteriji su najuže povezani s ekonomskim kriterijima, jer čak i kada su statistički zadovoljavajuće, ocjene parametara se odbacuju ako su teorijski nevjerojatne, odnosno ako nemaju smisla sa stajališta ekonomsko-teorijskih kriterija. Ekonometrijski kriteriji otkrivaju ispunjenje pretpostavki korištenih ekonometrijskih metoda, odnosno određuju pouzdanost statističkih kriterija. Pomoću njih se utvrđuje imaju li ocjene parametara svoje poželjne osobine, kao što su nepristranost, konzistentnost i efikasnost. Pri tom se statistički testovi koji teže otkrivanju pouzdanosti ocjena parametara modela mogu smatrati samo prethodnim testovima. Statistički testovi se temelje na netestiranim pretpostavkama o distribuciji vjerojatnosti slučajnog člana jednadžbi i o osobinama regresora. Stoga jedan ozbiljan ekonometrijski rad uvijek obuhvaća i sekundarne, ekonometrijske testove, koji ispituju ocjene slučajnog člana sa stajališta njegovih pretpostavljenih osobina, kao i ispunjenje pretpostavki za primjenu odgovarajućih ekonometrijskih metoda.

SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS - PAST AND PRESENT - THE EXAMPLE OF COPPER AND GOLD MINING BOR AND MAJDANPEK

AKCIONARSKO PRAVO - NEKAD I SAD - NA PRIMERU RUDNIKA BAKRA I ZLATA BOR I MAJDANPEK

Author(s): Miroslav Vrhovšek / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 06/2007

Keywords: akcije; akcionarsko pravo; poslovno pravo; rudnik; Bor i Majdanpek

Opravdano smatram da sam iznetim referatom potvrdio obrazloženje predloga teme "Akcionarsko pravo - nekad i sad" da ideja o pravnoj izgradnji, kao temelju moderne Srbije, traje gotovo 200 godina. Prateći tu ideju pokušao sam da oživim brojne propise kojima su regulisana određena pitanja, kako su isti ugrađeni u pravne akte koje sam predočio u referatu, koji su upravo dragoceni za analizu njihove razumljivosti, jezika i stila, prilagođenosti potrebama i zahtevima vremena naglašavajući rešenja koja su možda i bolja od nekih postojećih. Realizacijom zamišljene ideje u referatu smatram da sam uspešno dokazao da je srpska pravna misao imala svoje uzlete,da je srpsko pravo imalo svoje bisere,da je postojalo i da će postojati, te da je neophodno da se i danas oslobodimo osećaja da je jedini izlaz za naše pravo u kopiranju i prihvatanju onoga što je neko već propisao. Prezentirani pravni akti, ugovori i statuti će, svakako, moći korisno da posluže, naročito, mlađim generacijama pravnika da se sa istima bliže upoznaju, da ih detaljno prouče, da njihove odredbe uporede sa važećim propisima iz oblasti akcionarstva, što će sve pomoći, pojedinim od njih da, de lege ferenda, svojim radovima doprinesu daljem i uspešnijem razvoju pravne nauke u Srbiji. Izneto ću potkrepiti samo jednim primerom. Naime, u jednoj najnovijoj, inače, veoma dobro napisanoj knjizi, posvećenoj akcionarskim društvima,10 pisac knjige uzimajući za moto latinsku izreku principium est potisima pars (početak je najvažniji deo svake stvari) u prvoj rečenici uvoda konstatuje: "Akcionarsko društvo se skoro dve decenije nalazi u žiži interesovanja naše privrednopravne i ekonomske nauke počev od donošenja Zakona o preduzećima 1988. godine". Iz rečenog, uzimajući u obzir i navedeni moto, bi proizilazilo da su akcionarska društva u Srbiji tek sada nastala,u poslednjih dvadesetak godina,što znači da je to njihov početak. Kao da ista nisu postojala skoro 100 godina u periodu 1850-1945 i to u vrlo razvijenom obliku koji je bio dostignut na evropskom nivou toga vremena.

IMPORTANCE OF MARGINAL COSTS IN APPLYING THE SYSTEM OF VARIABLE COST ACCOUNTING

ZNAČAJ MARGINALNIH TROŠKOVA ZA PRIMJENU SISTEMA OBRAČUNA PO VARIJABILNIM TROŠKOVIMA

Author(s): Avdija Trtovac / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 06/2007

Keywords: Marginalni troškovi; sistem obračuna po varijabilnim troškovima

Upravljački usmeren sistem obračuna po varijabilnim troškovima, kao savremeni sistem poslovnog informisanja menadžerskog tima preduzeća, se zasniva na novoj ideji o troškovima i poslovnom rezultatu. Njegov teorijski izvor čini marginalistička ekonomska teorija, čiji je on najbliži empirijski pristup koji je interni obračun do danas ostvario. Tekst koji slijedi predstavlja pokušaj da se ukaže na značaj marginalnih veličina, marginalnih troškova i marginalnih prihoda, kao teorijskih osnova razvoja i funkcionisanja sistema obračuna po varijabilnim troškovima. Njihovu radnu zamjenu čine prosječni varijabilni troškovi, kao osnovni uslov i pretpostavka njegove praktične primjene.

SPECULATION AND PHILOSOPHY

SPEKULACIJA I FILOZOFIJA

Author(s): Milan Kangrga / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 06/2007

Keywords: filozofija; spekulacija; Kant; Hegel; moderna filozofija

Cijelo dosadašnje raspravljanje govori o odnosu spekulacije i filozofije, te bi već iz svega toga moglo biti dostatno jasno u čemu se sastoji sama bit odnosa. No, s obzirom na želju i nastojanje da se problem aktualizira i ukaže kako je taj problem takvoga karaktera – iako se to iz samog naslova ne može uvidjeti, nego možda upravo suprotno – da se to tiče svakog, pa time prije svega i suvremenog čovjeka (pri čemu se pod pojmom »čovjeka«, dakako, razumije i žena pa to možda i ne bi trebalo posebno naglašavati!) i njegova svakidašnjeg života, smisaono je i metodički primjereno u ovom odjeljku sažeto rekapitulirati ono bitno u odnosu spekulacije i filozofije, jer ovdje nije riječ samo o njima. Kad se kaže: »odnosu«, onda je već tim određenjem na djelu nužno upravo prethodno spekulativno ukazivanje, da je ovdje riječ o produkciji (produciranju, proizvođenju, proizvodnji) tog odnosa, da bi do njega uopće – moglo doći. Taj i takav odnos se proizvodi i na djelu je kroz čitavu dosadašnju (klasnu,jer druge nema!) historiju i njezin je rezultat, tako da do današnjeg dana živimo i potvrđujemo kako se naš život odvija i kreće samo, jedino i isključivo na osnovi ili »po principu« tog – po drugima – proizvedenu odnosu, ne pitajući za njegovo podrijetlo i mogućnost, što ujedno znači i mogućnost drugačijega nego što već jest! On nam je naprosto dan i naslijeđen, i mi ga uzimamo, shvaćamo, pa čak i (filozofijski i na svaki drugi način) spoznajemo kao nešto – samo po sebi razumljivo. U tom smislu živimo u najboljem slučaju kao – pravi ili dobri (a često vrlo loši) filozofi, a da do spekulacije još nismo dospjeli. U tome pak ujedno leži »prava tragika« (koju su nekada stari Grci u svojim poznatim tragedijama povezivali sa sudbinom,to jest s nečim što vlada nama kao neka nepoznata i tuđa sila, kojoj kao takvoj nismo i ne možemo biti »gospodari«, nego ona vlada nama i našim životima – neumitno!). To je zbiljska tragika naše svakidašnje egzistencije. Ako bismo to željeli iskazati upravo filozofijskim jezikom, to bi glasilo da se naš život odvija na razini – svijesti (ili: tzv. zdravog razuma), a nikada ili vrlo rijetko na razini – samosvijesti (ili: uma). Ovdje osim toga leži najveća teškoća za čovjeka kao čovjeka: on više nije životinja, a još nije (i nikada neće biti) – bog, pa se čovjekov život odvija »između« dvaju savršenstava: životinjske vrste i božanske samosvijesti najvišeg bića. To znači da je čovjek po svojoj biti takvo biće koje nikada ne može dospjeti do toga da bi stalno ili neprekidno mogao biti i djelovati kao – samosvjesno biće.

WEBSITE OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF NOVI PAZAR

WEB SAJT INTERNACIONALNOG UNIVERZITETA U NOVOM PAZARU

Author(s): Asmir Jusović,Selver Pepić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 06/2007

Web prezentacija Internacionalnog univerziteta u Novom Pazaru sastoji se iz dva dela: privatni i javni. Privatnom delu mogu pristupiti samo korisnici sa posebnim pravima, tj. korisnici koji poseduju korisničko ime i lozinku, posle izvršene autentifikacije. Cilj prezentacije je da omogući određene olakšice studentima svih fakulteta univerziteta, profesorima, upravi i ostalima koji su zainteresovani za bilo kakve informacije vezane za univerzitet: najnovije vesti sa univerziteta, rezultati koji su studenti postigli na kolokvijumima i ispitima, datumi polaganja ispita, prijava ispita, download materijala za vežbe i ispite... Analizirane su inostrane i domaće prezentacije raznih ustanova iste ili slične namene, uključeni su savremeni trendovi koji se ogledaju u nepisanim i pisanim pravilima web dizajnera i programera širom sveta. Ove karakteristike kao i prethodna istraživanja, rezultati i iskustvo u razvoju predstavljalo je osnovu za razvoj prezentacije koja je ovde izložena.

MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF QUASI-LINEAR PREFERENCES

MIKROEKONOMSKA ANALIZA KVAZILINEARNIH PREFERENCIJA

Author(s): Mehmed Meta / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 06/2007

Keywords: Kvazilinearne preferencije; efekat dohotka i supstitucije; optimum kupovine; granična stopa subjektivne supstitucije; granična stopa tržišne supstitucije; kompenzujuća i ekvivalentna varijacija; koeficijent elastičnosti; Engelova kriva

U mikroekonomskoj teoriji se dugo vremena vode rasprave o naučnoj zasnovanosti teorija kardinalne vrednosti, u prvom redu teorije marginalne korisnosti. Kritički pristupi su vrlo različiti, od onih koji ističu visoku naučnu vrednost ove teorije, do onih koje u celosti negiraju njen značaj i razultate, jer se po njihovim shvatanjima ova teorija bazira na nekim isuviše restriktivnim, nerealnim i idealizovanim predpostavkama. Najveća njena slabost je zasnovanost na jednom dubioznom konceptu korisnosti i mogučnosti njenog kvantitativnog merenja. Da li se u odsustvu bilo kakve mogučnosti kvantitativnog izražavanja korisnosti i nedostatka jedinice mere za njeno određenje može rešiti problem izvora potrošaća? Shodno tome, postoji li mogučnost izražavanja promene u zadovoljstvu potrošaća izazvanog promenom nekog od ekonomski determinisanog ogranićenja ? Cilj ovog rada je da na premisama teorije indiferencije ukaže na rešenje problema optimuma kupovine, reperkusijama promene neke ekonomske varijabile (dohotka potrošać i cena dobara koja su predmet izbora) na optimalno rešenje, kvantitativno merenje uticaja promene cene na potrošaćevo zadovoljstvo u uslovima kada se to zadovoljstvo i njegova promena nemogu izraziti nekim kardinalnim brojem. Predmet analize su slučajevi kada potrošaćeve krive indiferencije imaju kvazilinearni oblik i koje svojim osobenostima čine deo “porodice” normalnih krivih, koje istovremeno zadovoljavaju aksiome refleksivnosti, simetričnosti, monotonosti i konveksnosti.

LEGAL INTEREST IN THE COURT PROCESS

PRAVNI INTERES U PARNIČNOM POSTUPKU

Author(s): Sefer Međedović / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 06/2007

Keywords: Pravni interes; opravdani interes; interes; procesna predpostavka; odbacivanje tužbe; pokretačka snaga; odnosni motiv za vođenje spora

U ovom radu autor se bavi pravnim interesom kao procesnom predpostavkom koju normira Zakon o parničnom postupku Srbije, jer ako ne postoji pravni interes u slučajevima koje predviđa ovaj zakon tužba se odbacuje. O tome vodi računa prvostepeni sud, ali ne i drugostepeni sud po žalbi pošto nedostatak pravnog interesa u žalbenom postupku nije apsolutno bitna povreda postupka. Dakle, propust prvostepenog suda da odbaci tužbu nije povreda da bi takav propust otklonio žalbeni sud. Iako pravni interes postoji u mnogim pravnim granama i ne samo u procesnom, već i u materijalnom pravu, ipak njegov naziv više asocira na materijalno nego na procesno pravo. Zato bi valjalo de lege ferenda trebalo razmišljati o promjeni naziva pravnog interesa u građansko procesnom pravu u „procesni interes“ parničnih stranaka. Pravni interes postoji u parničnom, vanparničnom i izvršnom postupku. Kao predpostavka on samo označava dopuštenost deklaratorne tužbe, zatim pravnih ljekova (redovnih i vanrednih), izdavanje platnog naloga i učešće umješača. Nepostojanje pravnog interesa uvijek povlači odbacivanje tužbe, odnosno pravni interes afirmiše princip pristupa sudu kao osnovnu slobodu čovjeka. On je legitimacija stranke, ne samo u unutrašnjem nego i u međunarodnom pravu. Bogata praksa Evropskog suda za ljudska prava jasno ga je prepoznala kroz primjenu člana 6 Evropske konvencije o ljudskim pravima i osnovnim slobodama.

North Ossetia: A Vision of Hell

North Ossetia: A Vision of Hell

Author(s): Sergei Borisov / Language(s): English / Issue: 07/09/2004

Keywords: childre; Russia; parents; school; Beslan; terrorist; attact; dead; Aleksandr Dzasokhov; North Caucasus; Putin;

Russia reels as the death toll in its worst-ever terrorist attack climbs to at least 338.

Poland: No Money, No Medals

Poland: No Money, No Medals

Author(s): Jakub Jedras / Language(s): English / Issue: 07/09/2004

Keywords: Poland; Olympic games; Stanislaw Stefan Paszczyk; Zbigniew Pacelt; Education Minister Miroslaw Sawicki; lack of money;

Poland's Olympic dreams ended with a whimper rather than a bang in Athens. Whose fault was it?

Agony and Ecstasy in Athens

Agony and Ecstasy in Athens

Author(s): Judit Szakács / Language(s): English / Issue: 07/09/2004

Keywords: Summer Olympic Games; Zoltan Kecskes; doping; positive; Ferenc Gyurkovics; Adrian Annus; World-Anti Doping Agency

Doping charges against Hungarian Olympians reverberate in the domestic political arena.

Strongman in the Dock

Strongman in the Dock

Author(s): Biljana Stavrova / Language(s): English / Issue: 07/09/2004

Keywords: Macedonia; Pakistany; Indian; court; interior minister; Ljube Boskovski; terrorist;; murder; Pula; VMRO-DPMNE; Sterjo Zikov; Croatia

The arrest of Macedonia's former interior minister puts the spotlight back on the murky killings of six Pakistanis and an Indian in 2002.

Not Finding a Common Tongue

Not Finding a Common Tongue

Author(s): Vitalie Dogaru / Language(s): English / Issue: 07/09/2004

Keywords: Moldova; Language Day; Under Soviet rule; Romanian’s Latin; Communist government; Romanian language”; “Romanian literature”;

Moldovans—or some of them at least—have just celebrated Our Language Day. But Moldova cannot quite decide what that language is.