Structural Changes during Transition: Prerequisites for Integration and Economic Cooperation

Структурни изменения в периода на преход: предпоставка за интеграция и икономическо коопериране

Author(s): Stoyan Anastasov Totev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/1999

The investigation examines certain structural economic changes in the context of the ongoing integration processes, as well as the possibilities for providing adequate social and economic policy in this respect. It is determined the adaptability of the Bulgarian economic development to the changing conditions, special attention is given to the demographic and migration processes. Some possibilities for integration and economic relation development with the EU are analysed. The regional development in Bulgaria and its after-effect on the integration processes is analysed. An attempt is made to determine the industrial sub-branches' efficiency on a regional level. The regional potential by basic sectors is determined, on this basis an attempt for regional classification is done. Finally some summarising and conclusions are drawn.

The Social Corrections Risk Model in Investment Projects of the Firms

Модел за отчитане на риска от обществени корекции в инвестиционните проекти на фирмите

Author(s): Stoyan Prodanov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/1999

The research formulates the hypothesis for the existence of feedback “society – corporation” in connection with investment projects. Cost Benefit Analyses and Financial Analyses are made simultaneously which allows to be discover the difference between the private and social interests. The measurement of investment sensitivity to social corrections. The social corrections risk model is tested in the investment program of Sviloza company.

Short-term Unemployment - Strategies and Policies for its Limitation

Дългосрочната безработица - стратегии и политики за ограничаването й

Author(s): Pobeda Lukanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/1999

The investigation is on the recently quite important problem for Bulgaria - the long-term unemployment and the measures against it. The main approaches and policies applied in developed countries and in our country have been presented. The main conclusion, that follows is that under the conditions of low economic growth, the policies can not be effective. In the developed countries the purpose is the employment restructuring. In Bulgaria only negative changes in the structure of unemployed have been observed. The policies, that have to approach them have the character of sanitary minimum of activities for eventualy receiving of a new job.

Basic Economical Preconditions for Stimulation of Investment's Activity

Основни икономически предпоставки за активизиране на инвестиционната дейност

Author(s): Valentina Grozdeva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/1999

In order to investigate the importance of existing economic preconditions for the stimulation of investments in Bulgaria, mainly two of them have been considered in this study: (i) introduction of the Currency Board; (ii) revalorization of some assets and liabilities of the Bulgarian enterprises. Currency Board’s impact on the changes in the investment climate, on the economic behavior of the enterprises and on the choice of the admissible strategy has been studied. Results of the revalorization have been analyzed on three levels - for the enterprise (on the basis of actual data for 38 enterprises), for the country as a whole and for the public and private sectors of economy. A conclusion has been made for the extreme insufficient accountability of the inflation by the revalorization. So a new process of revalorization is necessary. Only at stable economical growth and well-developed structural reforms the outlined preconditions will be transformed in real conditions for the real stimulation of investments in Bulgaria.

Endogenous Growth Theory: Rise and Developments

Теорията на ендогенния икономически растеж - възникване и развитие

Author(s): Rossitsa Rangelova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/1999

The study is aimed at analysing basic features and developments of the new endogenous growth theory. The first section gives proof of the origins of this theory. The second section presents the basic ideas of the new modern (endogenous) growth theory, as they are developed by its founders and their followers. The endogenous theory is discussed as a new approach to measuring and analysing economic growth, giving rise to a variety of new issues, new determinants of the growth, in particular these concerning the transition countires’ economic growth. For the time being it is impossible or of no practical value to carry out direct measurement with the help of already existing models or new ones: firstly, because of the comparatively short period has passed since the beginning of the 1990s, and secondly, because of the mixed and not typical nature of the economic situation, that means transition from centrally planning to a market economy under the condition of a severe crisis. The economic performance of Bulgaria, however, shows in a specific way the importance of the new modern growth theory for explaining and promoting economic growth. The last section discusses some implications of the modern growth theory in the case of Bulgaria, in particular the human capital developments. Finally, concluding comments are given, concerning the two main subjects: the nature and prospects for the future of the new endogenous growth theory and the possibility for application of this theory in the case of Bulgaria making efforts to turn the corner towards economic growth.

Complex Model for Forecasting in the Firm (Conceptions and Results of Approbation)

Комплексен модел за прогнозиране във фирмата (концепция и резултати от апробиране)

Author(s): Ivan Marchevski / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/1999

The research introduces a complex model for forecasting within the firm. Classification of existing models in the foreign and the bulgarian literature is made. The concept and algorithm of the complex model are presented. It is built on the base of well-known models taking in consideration the limitations, which exists in bulgarian business. The model is determined, based on the accounting view of the processes within the firm and can be implemented with little changes in the firms of different branches. The complex model is tested on the firm from vinery industry. The achieved results are analyzed and they prove its capabilities on the base of reliable of the forecasts and quantity and quality of the information. Main conclusions about possibilities to implement this model in Bulgarian firms from different branches are formulated. Base on evaluation of existing limitations recommendations for future researches are formulated.

The Main Evil in Kavicsvár (Darvasi László: Trapiti)

A Főgonosz Kavicsváron (Darvasi László: Trapiti)

Author(s): Ágnes Klára Papp / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 10/2003

Keywords: Darvasi László; tale-novel; contemporary hungarian prose

“Darvasi does not dare to stay simple, so as not to write a too simple story: he is too much a writer for that.” The review analyses László Darvasi’s successful tale-novel, phrasing her critical remarks as well.

Three “Chinese” labyrinths (Darvasi László: A lojangi kutyavadászok. Kínai novellák)

Három "kínai" útvesztő (Darvasi László: A lojangi kutyavadászok. Kínai novellák)

Author(s): Judit Bartha / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 10/2003

Keywords: Darvasi László; Chinese aesthetics; Kafka; Borges; labyrinth

“The short stories of Kafka and Borges are perhaps Darvasi’s prototypes.” The present study examines Darvasi’s volume of “Chinese” short stories by investigating the labyrinth as a text-forming principle.

Microphone 13 (A conversation by Lajos Parti Nagy, Part 3.)

A 13-as mikrofon (Parti Nagy Lajos beszélgetése, 3. rész)

Author(s): Lajos Parti Nagy,Ottó Tolnai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 10/2003

Keywords: Tolnai Ottó; Parti Nagy Lajos; contemporary hungarian poetry; Yugoslavia; Serbia-Montenegro

“…maritime peoples, even the Northern Istrians, do not have any answer to the winter, they pretend it does not exist…” Lajos Parti Nagy made a seven-day series of biographical conversations with Ottó Tolnai for the Hungarian Radio. Ottó Tolnai of Serbia-Montenegro is one of the most remarkable personality of contemporary Hungarian poetry with a characteristic voice. His poetry arranges the most varied elements of the world into some kind of mythology of his own.

The three-pointed bootlast (A conversation by Boglárka Nagy)

A háromágú kaptafa (Nagy Boglárka beszélgetése)

Author(s): Lajos Parti Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 10/2003

Keywords: Parti Nagy Lajos; contemporary Hungarian poetry; biographical interview; poetic form

“Poetry seems to be the genre that left the twentieth century the most intact. Perhaps because it is so atavistic, it is so much the luxury of being, that it could not become the economical fuel of mass media, or the great happyness-factories.” Lajos Parti Nagy is a determining figure of the middle generation of contemporary Hungarian poetry, who has created an unmistakable poetical world by his virtuoso art of poetic form and his witty linguistic games. Jelenkor published a lengthy biographical interview on the poet’s fiftieth birthday.

A way to Pechorin (Szilágyi Zsófia: “volt benne valami különös”. M. Ju. Lermontov Korunk hőse című regénye)

Út Pecsorinhoz (Szilágyi Zsófia: "volt benne valami különös". M. Ju. Lermontov Korunk hőse című regénye)

Author(s): István Hetesi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 10/2003

Keywords: Lermontov; Pechorin; russian literature; The hero of our age

“The author uncovers the dynamic process of becoming a hero in The hero of our age.” Zsófia Szilágyi’s work is the first Hungarian monograph on Lermontov’s novel.

Precise grits of mirrors (Parti Nagy Lajos: Grafitnesz)

Precíz tükördara (Parti Nagy Lajos: Grafitnesz)

Author(s): József Keresztesi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 10/2003

Keywords: Parti Nagy Lajos; contemporary Hungarian poetry; poetic form; poetical tradition

Lajos Parti Nagy’s poetry is one of the most characteristic and the most acknowledged achievement of contemporary Hungarian poetry, and yet, there are relatively few attempts to follow, to address, or even to plagiarize it.” Lajos Parti Nagy is a determining figure of the middle generation of contemporary Hungarian poetry, who has created an unmistakable poetical world by his virtuoso art of poetic form and his witty linguistic games. Present review is on his 2003 volume.

Why is it not beautiful? (Parti Nagy Lajos: Grafitnesz)

Miért nem szép? (Parti Nagy Lajos: Grafitnesz)

Author(s): C. György Kálmán / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 10/2003

Keywords: Parti Nagy Lajos; contemporary Hungarian poetry; poetic form; poetical tradition

“…intertextuality is at the same time mortar that connects different parts, or fixes the poem to other texts, and a visible crack through which one thuds from one’s own text into others.” Lajos Parti Nagy is a determining figure of the middle generation of contemporary Hungarian poetry, who has created an unmistakable poetical world by his virtuoso art of poetic form and his witty linguistic games. Present review is on his 2003 volume.

The light of narration (Darvasi László: A lojangi kutyavadászok. Kínai novellák)

Az elbeszélés fénye (Darvasi László: A lojangi kutyavadászok. Kínai novellák)

Author(s): Csilla Utasi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 10/2003

Keywords: Darvasi László; Chinese aesthetics; short stories; Far-Eastern worldview; hungarian prose

“Although it is obvious that Darvasi does not undertake the mediation of some Far-Eastern worldview, I think we can understand his way of narration by approaching from old Chinese aesthetics.” Present review examines László Darvasi’s volume of “Chinese” short stories.

Students on Religion: Results of a Pilot Survey

Studenci o religii — doniesienie z badań pilotażowych

Author(s): Maria Libiszowska-Żółtkowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 16/2010

Keywords: catholic church; individualization of faith; religion; students

The aim of the pilot survey conducted on the sample of 75 students was to identify the types of attitudes and opinions towards the Catholic Church and its clergy among younger generations. According to their self-statements, respondents come from families with religious background. In their opinion, their parents’ attitudes are more religious than their own. When asked about the grounds of their religious beliefs they most often mention tradition in which they were brought up. Religion carries for them the value of continuity between generations and remains the expression of identity in the family and in the society. Subjectively, they see faith as gauge of their sense of security, bringing confidence in the Providence and freeing from the fear of death. When giving the reasons for their attitude, non-religious respondents mention their own intellectual reflections, life experiences and negative views on clergy, the Church and the laymen. The majority of them opt for the apolitical position of the Church. In many cases, they were definitely discouraged from religious practices by the attitudes of priests. Young people do not want the Church to interfere with their privacy. Their reluctance to the Catholic Church and the clergy has not however turned them away from God, who has been still playing a major role in their life. Even such small sample has confirmed a long-established trend towards the privatization and the individualization of faith.

Emotions of Poles during the Regime Transition Period

Emocje przeżywane przez Polaków w okresie transformacji ustrojowej

Author(s): Krystyna Ostrowska,Aleksandra Korwin-Szymanowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 16/2010

Keywords: emotions; Poland; regime transition

The article presents the results of the study the aim of which was to describe the emotions which drive the behavior of Poles in the everyday experience of the reality. The authors discuss theoretical foundations which were the source of inspiration for the study and detail the process of developing tools to be used to describe emotions typical of Poles. Final results are shown in the form of statistical data, outlining most and least often experienced emotions and those felt as either strong or weak. A major point was to identify 29 most frequent and most strongly manifested emotions out of the total of 152 under study. Following segmentation analysis, the studied sample of 1068 persons was typified into four segments, each showing a specific emotional reactivity based on optimism, falling in love, anxiety and despair. Emotional reactions vary across age, education level, social status and gender while remaining uniform against the place of residence and religious beliefs. The study has also been carried out to develop the test measuring the experience of such emotions, and in the long term, to show emotions as motivating factors in groups of excluded, rejected and criminals.

Paternalism and Partnership in the Therapeutic Relationship in the Light of Symbolic Interaction Theories

Paternalizm i partnerstwo w relacji terapeutycznej w świetle interakcjonizmu symbolicznego

Author(s): Katarzyna Dąbrowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 16/2010

Keywords: partnership; paternalism; symbolic interaction theories; therapeutic relationship

The aim of the article is to outline selected aspects of the study on paternalism and partnership in the therapist-patient relationship in drug rehabilitation centers, and to look at the problem from the perspective of some theories of symbolic interaction. The study was carried out with the qualitative method, using free interviews with standardized information search lists. It has included three permanent stay centers which use therapeutic community method in their work. In total, 30 patients and 15 therapists were interviewed. The concept of drug abuse and the ideology of therapeutic community are not conductive to the establishment of partnerships. It is claimed that due to drug abuse the patient is not able to look at the reality in a rational way. In this perspective, the patient has but the limited insight into their needs and emotions, experiences problems in decision-taking and problem solving. The very structure of the therapeutic community, with the therapist who stays at the top of the ladder and enjoys almost unlimited power, does not boost any partnership between him/her and the patient. The patient – therapist relationship can be discussed from the perspective of interactionist theory. This offers a more in-depth insight in what happens between two persons involved in the interaction. It helps identify a whole range of various behaviors that shape the relationship, understand what stays behind such behaviors, what messages are conveyed by partners and how those two negotiate the common definition of the reality.

„To tell you the truth, NOBODY knew about those problems...” Methods of Study of Hidden Populations. An Example of Self-Recovery from Alcohol Addictio

„Ja muszę Pani powiedzieć szczerze, że o tych problemach to nikt nie wiedział…” Metody badania populacji ukrytych — przykład zjawiska samowyleczenia z

Author(s): Justyna Iwona Klingemann / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 16/2010

Keywords: hidden populations; reserch methods; self-recovery from addiction

Standard survey methods often fail as research tools used to know and understand some types of deviant behaviors. This stems from the specificity of some groups of respondents, which in social research all called hidden populations. The article presents the overview of alternative research methods most often applied to study populations with difficult access (e.g. snowball sampling, screening of representative samples in general population). Secondly, it author discusses her own research project, in which she used press advertisements for the recruitment of respondents who have managed to overcome alcohol addiction without the assistance of therapeutic institutions. The article details recruitment and data collection procedures, limits thereto and problems for the researchers who carry out this type of research projects.

Emotional Violence: Stalking, Harassment, Mobbing, Bullying – Differences and Similarities

Przemoc emocjonalna: stalking, molestowanie, mobbing, bullying — podobieństwa i różnice

Author(s): Dagmara Woźniakowska-Fajst / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 16/2010

Keywords: bullying; emotional violence; harassment; mobbing; stalking

In order to criminalize stalking in a rational way we need to establish its definition in Polish and confront its meaning with such expressions as ‘mobbing’, ‘bullying’ and ‘harassment’. These are used in common language and subject literature as synonyms. The article aims at a more detailed presentation of those phenomena and of their mutual differences. All these phenomena come down to acts of harassment and emotional abuse. They may also cause other consequences to the victim, which entail both the deterioration of their physical condition and the need to change their habits, place of work or school. The differentiating criteria will be the author of the act, the context of harassment, its aim and the forms of actions undertaken by the perpetrator(s).

Classification of Punishment Theory and Critique

Klasyfikacja teorii i krytyki kary

Author(s): Jarosław Utrat-Milecki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 16/2010

Keywords: humanist critique of penal practice; imperative punishment theory; instrumental punishment theory; imperative and instrumental punishment theory; penal negationism; penology; punitive populism

The developments in the modern classification of the punishment theory may influence both penological research on punishment and the interpretation of the institutions of substantive criminal law which regulates its implementation. The criteria adopted for a new classification of the penal thinking may be defined as cognitive. The following categories of theories are introduced: imperative, instrumental, imperative and instrumental, penal negationism, humanist critique of penal practices, punitive populism and descriptive theories.