Keywords: Palestyna; Izrael; Raja Shehadeh; Katarzyna Czerwonogóra
More...Keywords: Poland in the 80ies; Polish history
Poland in the 80ies - and before. Detailed study of political background.
More...Keywords: 1956; poetry and Hungarian revolution
Vince Sulyok, poet and literarian, lives in Oslo. He collected the Norvegian poems regarding the Hungarian revolution in 1956.
More...Keywords: Neo-conservatives in West Germany;
Since the mid-sixties, there has been a growth of neo-conservatism in both the United States and West Germany. The economic, political, and cultural development of Western industrial societies has not corresponded to the affirmative picture of development that has been held by many Western social scientists and philosophers. The growth of neo-conservatism has emerged from this disappointment. But there are significant differences in the character of neo-conservatism in the United States and West Germany. In the United States many of the neo-conservatives have been former liberals.
More...Keywords: Social Science as Ideology; Marxism; System Theory; and Mathematics;
More...The hypothesis explored in this paper is that racism is a form of ideology, in Marx's sense of ideology. By relating racism to the concepts of alienation and faise consciousness, we can not only characterize racism but also distinguish it from the parasitic phenomenon of pseudo-racism. The concept of racism is defmed with reference to four criteria: (a) unwarranted extrapolation, (b) the idea that sorne groups are biologically superior to others, (c) the postulate that the alleged biologieal superiority confers special rights, (d) the degradation of rationality.
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Keywords: Poland; administration of public levies; management of public levies; administration of the law;
This article looks at the functions of the administration of public levies. The author describes two major groups of these functions: relating to the management of public levies, and to the administration of the law. The article concludes with a brief summary.
More...Keywords: imposing system; unitary system
European states using a unitary imposing system are presented and the way in which they achieved or intend to reduce the tax level.
More...Keywords: market; monopoly; externalities; private-social costs; Pigou; Coase theorem
The controversy about the role the stat has to play in economy has a long history. The supporters of economy regulation by market argue that the state has a destabilizing role and that its involvement should be minimal. The supporters of state involvement in the economy argue that this is the only one that can correct market imperfections (monopoly, externalities). Market imperfections and the way in which government intervention could correct them are presented. In reality the government does not necessarily follow the common good. State action is also imperfect. A third path, located between the pure market and massive state intervention, seems to be a realistic solution.
More...Keywords: integration; company; business field; competition; production; consumer; competitivity; financial resources
The large process of launching companies on the European Market is strongly related to each type of firm. In other words, outsourcer companies of any type, especially the medium-sized ones (productive and services companies) will be more likely to get important results and benefits on the large European Market. Keeping up with the requirements of the new business field implies a detailed analysis of some vital aspects, such as: the production obtained, consumerism, the level of competitivity, the marketing strategies in use and the access to financial resources on the market.
More...Keywords: crediting risk; guarantee risk; guarantees; mortgage; banking deposit (collateral cash); the right of general deposit; privileges; bail; assurance contract
The guaranties system is split in two systems, namely the credit guarantee system and the system of guaranteed funds. The real guarantees are juridical mains of guarantee, which assure the bank two attributes: choice or pursuit. The main characteristic of the guarantees contract represents their indivisibility, which good guarantees the whole credit. The guarantee remains until the credit is reimbursed to the bank and the interest is paid by the client. These contain: real personal guarantees, mortgage, banking deposit and the privileges. The personal guarantees are juridical middles wherewith one or many persons are contracting with bank to pay the debt of the debtor, if he didn’t pays it. Banking bail represents a form of personal guarantee, in which the beneficiary of the guarantee becomes chirographer of the guarantor, whose satisfaction depends of the solvency of the guarantor in the day of term.
More...Keywords: production; cost; production factors; company; material goods; technology; short term costs; long term costs
In market economy the company is a economical unit with juridical stated existence and full decisional autonomy that produces goods and provides services on comercial-lucrative basis. In the producer’s theory the company seems to be the combination and transformation frame of the production factors in final outcomes. For the combination of the production factors and for the achieving of products the company generates costs that are covered through the relished production. From this point of view the complex of problems of the knowledge of the costs’ influence on the production is a problem of first degree necessity. In this article we’d like to enumerate the main aspects which have to do with the aspects and costs, as they are reflected in the field of microeconomy.
More...Keywords: education; expenditure; GDP; finaces
The assessment resources are still far away from the demands imposed by a performing competitive system. The participation in international research programs or/and in thematic networks is low, which leads to a low usage of staff and research data.
More...Keywords: Guaranteed Loan Funds; National Financial System
The process of Romania’s joining the EU from January 1 st, 2007 has hastened the execution of the measures regarding Romania’s fulfilment of its commitments, due to be carried out until the date of accession and has led to the adjustment of the legal frame and of the institution, being completely compatible with the communitary aquis, on several fields, placing great importance on the activities of the Guaranteed Loan Funds.
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