Series:Prace Slawistyczne. Slavica

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Testimonia of the earliest history of Slavs. Latin series, vol. 1: Antiquity. Earliest writers

Testimonia najdawniejszych dziejów Słowian. Seria łacińska, t. 1: Starożytność. Pisarze najdawniejsi

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: sources;Central Eastern Europe;Slavs;Roman Empire;ancient geography;ethnonyms;toponyms;

The volume presents excerpts from writings by Ancient Roman authors of the turn of the Christian era which concern Slavs as well as, more generally, the Ancient Roman geography of Central-Eastern Europe. Each excerpt – accompanied by a note about its author and the work from which it originates, including an overview of the text’s manuscripts, editions and critical studies – is presented in its Latin original as well as in Polish translation. The second part of the book is devoted to historiographical commentary to the excerpted sources and comprises a geographical lexicon of the Barbaricum: the Northern, Central and Eastern Europe with adjacent Asian territories. Presented and discussed in it are over 1.000 Ancient ethno- and toponyms.

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Synonymy in Polish medical terminology of the second half of the 19th century

Synonimia w polskiej terminologii medycznej drugiej połowy XIX wieku

Author(s): Lucyna Agnieszka Jankowiak / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: lexis; synonymy; word formation; morphology; language borrowing; medical terminology; history of medicine

The book is an attempt to describe synonymy in scientific medical terminology (names of diseases) at the end of the 19th century based on the material obtained from “The Dictionary of Polish Medical Terminology” (Polish: “Słownik terminologii lekarskiej polskiej”) from 1881 including a broad description of historical background and the conditions in which Polish medical terminology developed at that time. The characteristics of synonymy concerned primarily structural, semantic and genetic aspects. A secondary aim of the book was to present the material, i.e. 940 synonymic series presented as a Dictionary and Index. The Dictionary of Polish Medical Terminology from 1881 is a work of Polish physicians belonging to Cracow and Warsaw schools. They attempted to systematise Polish medical terminology (collect current terminology and supplement it due to a considerable development in the field of medicine). The primary conclusion from the analysis is that it was impossible to avoid synonymy in the terminology that was created consciously, which was largely influenced by non-linguistic, rather than linguistic, factors (e.g. the influence of synonymy in foreign medical terminologies, especially in Latin, or influence of one of the regions on the selection of a given term). What is more, the range of synonymy in this terminology is substantial (approximately 38%). Synonymy concerns all names of diseases (both those known for a long time and those discovered just before the dictionary was made in 1881). 94.5% of the synonymic series consist of native terms only. In general, 65.5% of the series consist of terms with similar, homogeneous structures e.g. two-word items, which are the most common (437 series). Moreover, the series are usually composed of words with the same stems (41.7%). The synonyms in mixed groups (in terms of structure) have various (with diverse level of complexity) relations with one another (i.e. they have the same or different stems). Furthermore, a part of the terminological synonyms (154) present polysemic relations.

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Szymon Budny’s path to the release of the 1574 critical edition of the New Testament

Droga Szymona Budnego do krytycznego wydania Nowego Testamentu z 1574 roku

Author(s): Arleta Łuczak / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Bible; Polish language; Greek language; Latin language; translation; 16th century; Calvinism; Arianism; old prints

This work is devoted to the translations of the New Testament by Szymon Budny – an eminent sixteenth-century Polish writer, and outstanding linguist and biblical scholar of the Reformation. At first a Calvinist, Budny then became an Arian activist. The book's its purpose is to describe the changing progression taking place in the three editions of Budny’s translations of the New Testament from 1570, 1572 and 1574. To this end, I perform a philological analysis of these texts in comparison to other biblical Polish translations of the 16th century (mainly to the Calvinist Brest Bible of 1563 and to the 1568 New Testament, which was modelled on it) as well as to Greek and Latin texts. The dynamic process of shaping the changes in succeeding translations of the New Testament, which Budny constantly improved and perfected, is most evident in his critical edition of the New Testament from 1574. Here, the author was able to present the results of his search for the authentic, i.e. correct and error-free, original text, a search which he based on multiple sources. He also expressed his position regarding the method of translation and theological interpretation (which corresponded to his confession).

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ZGODA/HARMONY as perceived by Poles of the Old Polish and Middle Polish periods (a lexical and semantic analysis)

ZGODA w rozumieniu Polaków czasów staro- i średniopolskich (analiza leksykalno-semantyczna)

Author(s): Beata Raszewska-Żurek / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Polish language; diachronic approach; meaning; value terms; valuation; social lexis; harmony/zgoda

The object of the analysis is zgoda (harmony) – a concept derived from the social sphere and at the same time a value which was universally recognised by Poles of the Old Polish and Middle Polish periods. The concept zgoda is expressed linguistically with the lexeme zgoda and its lexical family (zgodny, zgodliwy, zgodzić/zgadzać się and their antonyms), as well as, albeit rarely, with other lexemes. A detailed study was conducted concerning the hyperonym of the concept zgoda – the lexeme zgoda along with its derivatives, and its oppositum – niezgoda, the hyperonym of the opposite concept niezgoda (disharmony). Such comparative analysis of opposite concepts serves to better demonstrate their sense and clearly presents the evaluation associated with them. The work is based on the material of card indices for three dictionaries of the subsequent periods in the development of the Polish language – the Słownik staropolski [A Dictionary of the Old Polish Language], the Słownik polszczyzny XVI w. [A Dictionary of the Polish Language of the 16th Century], and the Słownik polszczyzny XVII i 1. poł. XVIII w. [A Dictionary of the Polish Language of the 17th Century and the First Half of the 18th Century]. A total of 4937 usages of lexemes of the zgoda lexical family have been analysed – including 3932 units derived from zgoda and 1005 units derived from niezgoda.

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Stylistic and Functional Aspects in the Dynamics of Modern Slavic Vocabulary

Dynamika współczesnego słownictwa słowiańskiego w przestrzeni stylowo-funkcjonalnej

Author(s): / Language(s): Slovak,English,Bulgarian,Russian,Polish,Slovenian,Ukrainian,Belarussian,Greek, Modern (1453-)

Keywords: modern Slavic languages; vocabulary; word formation; neologism; functional varieties of language; language communication; discourse; language change

This volume of studies by Polish and international linguists is devoted to changes in modern Slavic languages, which are especially noticeable in the spheres of vocabulary and word formation. Taking into consideration the stylistic and functional aspect of lexis development allows for a better understanding of the dynamics of language change and the efficacy of communicational acts. The purposeful and pragmatic character of communicational behaviour manifests itself widely in the social, political and cultural contexts considered by the Authors. The works comprising the volume are divided into three thematic sections: - Phenomena, processes and tendencies in the development of specialist lexis (terminology); - Word formation and lexical mechanisms dynamics; - Lexical change in modern language communication and discourse. The sections help organize the volume by highlighting the dominant theme in particular texts. The scopes of the sections are, nevertheless, not sharply delineated – each section is to an equal extent devoted to the complex and multifaceted subject-matter of the tendencies and changes in modern Slavic vocabulary. Most of the works comprised in the volume adopt a contrastive approach, the remaining ones can serve as bases for contrastive studies. The text analyse the rich material of the Slavic languages – Polish, Czech, Slovak, Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and Slovene – as well as of other languages, like Modern Greek.

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On the issues of information sciences, terminology and linguistics

Z zagadnień informacji naukowej, terminoznawstwa i językoznawstwa

Author(s): / Language(s): Slovak,English,Bulgarian,Russian,Polish,Ukrainian,Belarussian

Keywords: information sciences; iSybislaw (information retrieval system); linguistics; Slavic studies; terminology

The monograph is a result of the conference meetings organized at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences in 2016-2018 entitled "Modern systems of Slavic bibliographic information - today and tomorrow" and "Linguistics and Slavic bibliographic information systems - today and tomorrow". These meetings were devoted to problems occurring in such disciplines as information sciences, bibliology, linguistics and terminology. The participants of these meetings, the Authors of the texts, are researchers of Polish and foreign academic institutions, most of whom work within one of two Committees of the International Committee of Slavists: the Commission on Linguistic Bibliography and the Terminological Commission. The book includes theoretical and practical works. The common reference point of the monograph is the information retrieval system iSybislav that is in fact a digital bibliographic database, which presents contemporary achievements of world Slavic linguistics and is elaborated by an international team of linguists.

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The linguistic idea of the numeral in Russian grammars of the 18th–19th centuries

Лингвистическая идея числительного в русских грамматиках XVIII–XIX веков

Author(s): Maksim Duszkin / Language(s): Russian

Keywords: numeral; Russian grammars; 18th–19th century Russian linguistics; parts of speech

This book sets out to analyze how the idea of the numeral developed in Russian grammars over the course of the 18th and 19th centuries. In the first works on grammar, the numeral was not treated as a separate part of speech. Some scholars identified numerals with adjectives, others viewed them as a group of words the meanings of which are associated with number and which belong to one of two basic types of the name (i.e., nouns and adjectives), while yet others saw in numerals a separate, third type of the name. Later on, when nouns and adjectives were no longer considered as subtypes of one part of speech (the name), many scholars still did not regard numerals as a separate part of speech but identified them with, e.g., adjectives. In terms of composition, the class of numerals was represented differently by different authors but it always encompassed the words “три”, “пять” etc. (so-called definite cardinal numerals) and usually the words “третий”, “пятый” etc. (ordinal numerals).

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Nominalization Processes in Sentences Expressing the Causal Relation

Procesy nominalizacyjne w zdaniach wyrażających relację przyczynowo-skutkową

Author(s): Jakub Lubomir Banasiak / Language(s): Bulgarian,Polish

Keywords: causal relation; Polish language; Bulgarian language; semantics; syntax; predicate-argument structure; nominalization; contrastive grammar

The study is devoted to nominalization processes in sentences expressing the causal relation that can be paraphrased using pure causatives (verbal exponents of the causal predicate). The causal predicate itself is modelled according to Stanisław Karolak’s theory of aspect. Considering that this work is not theoretical in nature, its main merits lie in the description of linguistic facts. The application of predicate-argument structure theory enables a comprehensive description of syntactic and pragmatic features of discrete causative predicative expressions. The study formulates strict rules which govern their use and verifies certain claims concerning such issues as the distribution of a “raised” object and the semantic category of time. Each predicative expression is given its functional equivalent in the other language.

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An integrated semantic and syntactic description of Bulgarian, Polish and Russian verbs: Verba cogitandi and verba sentiendi. Part 1

Zintegrowany opis semantyczno-syntaktyczny czasowników bułgarskich, polskich i rosyjskich (verba cogitandi i verba sentiendi). Cz. 1

Author(s): Aleksander Kiklewicz,Małgorzata Korytkowska,Julia Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska,Agnieszka Zatorska / Language(s): Bulgarian,Russian,Polish

Keywords: semantics; syntax; predicate-argumentate structures; transformations of syntactic structures; Bulgarian language; Polish language; Russian language

“Zintegrowany opis semantyczno-syntaktyczny czasowników bułgarskich, polskich i rosyjskich (verba cogitandi i verba sentiendi)” (An integrated semantic and syntactic description of Bulgarian, Polish and Russian verbs: Verba cogitandi and verba sentiendi) includes an extensive monographic study of two classes of Bulgarian, Polish and Russian verbs: verbs of thinking (verba cogitandi) and verbs of feeling (verba sentiendi), as well as two dictionaries featuring their semantic and syntactic descriptions. The study aims to investigate relations between the syntactic and semantic layer, which are greatly determined by features of the verbs that build sentence structures. The authors analyse semantic-syntactic processes in sentence structures identified in the study material – most of which involve condensation – and formal manifestations of basic sentence categories that have an impact on the features of syntactic structures. The study also involves important lexicographic questions, concerning not only the form and content of dictionary entries but also their delimitation, that is, drawing a line beyond which items under consideration display different features and thus should make up separate entries. Since the volume concerns three Slavic languages, it also includes some observations and conclusions on their contrastive features.

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An integrated semantic and syntactic description of Bulgarian, Polish and Russian verbs: Verba cogitandi and verba sentiendi

Zintegrowany opis semantyczno-syntaktyczny czasowników bułgarskich, polskich i rosyjskich (verba cogitandi i verba sentiendi)

Author(s): Aleksander Kiklewicz,Małgorzata Korytkowska,Julia Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska,Agnieszka Zatorska / Language(s): Bulgarian,Russian,Polish

Keywords: semantics; syntax; predicate-argumentate structures; transformations of syntactic structures; Bulgarian language; Polish language; Russian language

“Zintegrowany opis semantyczno-syntaktyczny czasowników bułgarskich, polskich i rosyjskich (verba cogitandi i verba sentiendi)” (An integrated semantic and syntactic description of Bulgarian, Polish and Russian verbs: Verba cogitandi and verba sentiendi) includes an extensive monographic study of two classes of Bulgarian, Polish and Russian verbs: verbs of thinking (verba cogitandi) and verbs of feeling (verba sentiendi), as well as two dictionaries featuring their semantic and syntactic descriptions. The study aims to investigate relations between the syntactic and semantic layer, which are greatly determined by features of the verbs that build sentence structures. The authors analyse semantic-syntactic processes in sentence structures identified in the study material – most of which involve condensation – and formal manifestations of basic sentence categories that have an impact on the features of syntactic structures. The study also involves important lexicographic questions, concerning not only the form and content of dictionary entries but also their delimitation, that is, drawing a line beyond which items under consideration display different features and thus should make up separate entries. Since the volume concerns three Slavic languages, it also includes some observations and conclusions on their contrastive features.

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An integrated semantic and syntactic description of Bulgarian, Polish and Russian verbs: Verba cogitandi and verba sentiendi

Zintegrowany opis semantyczno-syntaktyczny czasowników bułgarskich, polskich i rosyjskich (verba cogitandi i verba sentiendi)

Author(s): Aleksander Kiklewicz,Małgorzata Korytkowska,Julia Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska,Agnieszka Zatorska / Language(s): Bulgarian,Russian,Polish

Keywords: semantics; syntax; predicate-argumentate structures; transformations of syntactic structures; Bulgarian language; Polish language; Russian language

“Zintegrowany opis semantyczno-syntaktyczny czasowników bułgarskich, polskich i rosyjskich (verba cogitandi i verba sentiendi)” (An integrated semantic and syntactic description of Bulgarian, Polish and Russian verbs: Verba cogitandi and verba sentiendi) includes an extensive monographic study of two classes of Bulgarian, Polish and Russian verbs: verbs of thinking (verba cogitandi) and verbs of feeling (verba sentiendi), as well as two dictionaries featuring their semantic and syntactic descriptions. The study aims to investigate relations between the syntactic and semantic layer, which are greatly determined by features of the verbs that build sentence structures. The authors analyse semantic-syntactic processes in sentence structures identified in the study material – most of which involve condensation – and formal manifestations of basic sentence categories that have an impact on the features of syntactic structures. The study also involves important lexicographic questions, concerning not only the form and content of dictionary entries but also their delimitation, that is, drawing a line beyond which items under consideration display different features and thus should make up separate entries. Since the volume concerns three Slavic languages, it also includes some observations and conclusions on their contrastive features.

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Semantic Frames in Lease Agreements: A Polish-English-German Contrastive Analysis

Ramy semantyczne w tekstach umów najmu – analiza konfrontatywna polsko-angielsko-niemiecka

Author(s): Agnieszka Pluwak / Language(s): English,Polish,German

Keywords: semantic frame; FrameNet; tertium comparationis; contrastive studies; legal language; data retrieval

"Ramy semantyczne w tekstach umów najmu" [Semantic Frames in Lease Agreements] is a contrastive lexical analysis of texts in Polish, English and German (30 texts in each language), conducted using frame semantics and FrameNet, and extended with examples from the National Corpus of the Polish Language. The author develops a set of 33 frames which correspond to the data and concepts extracted by lease agreement analysts, such as AGREEMENT, OBLIGATION, MAKING AGREEMENT and DUTY. The study presents the domain-oriented approach to frame semantics, verifies the classification of contrastive differences, and investigates differences and similarities between the use of English-based frames and translated texts versus Polish-based frames and a corpus of parallel texts. The analysis expands on existing research in the field by applying frame semantics as a new approach in the study of this area of Polish lexis. The domain knowledge representation developed in this study lays the groundwork for a potential automated data retrieval solution designed to extract data from Polish, English and German lease agreements, with semantic frames as a tertium comparationis.

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The Lexical Stylisation of Fantasy-Ludic Works by Stanisław Lem in Their Bulgarian Translations

Stylizacja leksykalna utworów nurtu fantastyczno-ludycznego Stanisława Lema w przekładach na język bułgarski

Author(s): Marcin Fastyn / Language(s): Bulgarian,Polish

Keywords: Stanisław Lem; neologisms; word-formation; etymology; translation; Polish language; Bulgarian language; Cyberiada (The Cyberiad)

This study analyses etymological and word-formation methods employed to create the non-standard vocabulary of Stanislaw Lem’s Cyberiada (The Cyberiad) and Powtórka [Repetition], with a particular focus on neologisms. The analysis also considers equivalents of this vocabulary used by the Bulgarian translators of these works, and translation solutions they decided to apply. As established, differences between their translation strategies led to significant losses in the Bulgarian translation of Powtórka in comparison with the source text.

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Word Formation in the Communicative Space

Słowotwórstwo w przestrzeni komunikacyjnej

Author(s): / Language(s): Croatian,Russian,Czech,Polish,Sorbian languages,Slovenian,Ukrainian,Serbian,Belarussian

Keywords: linguistic communication; Slavic languages

This monograph is a product of the 20th International Conference of the Commission on Word Formation of the International Committee of Slavists. Entitled “Word Formation in the Communicative Space”, the conference was held in Warsaw on 8–10 September 2020 by the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, with the proceedings taking place online. The participants were 29 word formation scholars from academic centres in Austria, Belarus, Bosnia, Croatia, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine. This testifies to the topicality of the proposed subject matter and a considerable interest enjoyed by Slavic and Slavist word formation. This volume brings together most of the presentations sent in by the participants. The subjects touched upon in the volume correspond to the theme of the conference, focusing on a number of topical issues related to both the present and the past, the most important of which include: word-formative innovations, types of and changes in mechanisms of neologism generation, the phenomenon of linguistic globalisation, and pragmatic aspects of language. The volume’s rich and diverse subject matter is unified by the adoption of a communicational perspective.

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Slavic Languages Today: Categories, Structures and Processes

Języki słowiańskie dziś: w kręgu kategorii, struktur i procesów

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian,Russian,Czech,Polish,Slovenian,Ukrainian

Keywords: festschrift; Małgorzata Korytkowska; Slavic languages; semantics; contrastive studies; syntax; word formation; lexicology

The volume “Slavic Languages Today: Categories, Structures and Processes” is a festschrift dedicated to Professor Małgorzata Korytkowska. Thematically it also partly stems from her works but encompasses a slightly wider scope of linguistic issues, including semantics, syntax, word formation, contrastive studies, lexicology and lexicography, language resources and translation studies. Separate chapters describe these issues in respect to modern Slavic languages and sometimes in comparison within (or in some cases outside) the group. They often highlight the role of semantics and syntax as core components of linguistic investigations, and present some complex relations between distinct language layers (such as word formation and syntax). The volume contains over twenty interesting contributions devoted to several linguistic issues in modern Slavic languages and authored by renowned Slavists from Poland and abroad.

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The Russian Orthodox Church in the Circle of Values: Family, Tradition, Patriotism (Based on Materials from the Internet Portal Rossiĭskaia Gazeta)

Церковь в кругу ценностей: семья, традиция, патриотизм (по материалам интернет-портала «Российской газеты»)

Author(s): Dorota Pazio-Wlazłowska / Language(s): Russian

Keywords: axiolinguistics; media linguistics; Russian Orthodox Church; valuation; language of values; Russian language; axiosphere; patriotism; family; tradition

This study is an analysis at the crossroads of axiolinguistics and media linguistics which presents axiological correlations between the concept RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH and the concepts FAMILY, TRADITION and PATRIOTISM. The research material is a corpus of over 400 texts published in the portal www.rg.ru between 2011 and 2020. The analysis indicates a close relationship between the concepts under scrutiny. The anthropomorphisation of the RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH contributes to its perception through the prism of the FAMILY, primarily in the psychosocial and axiological aspects. What is of key importance in the case of both of these concepts is interpersonal relationships – care, and above all: love, perceived not only as the highest value, but also a condition of humanity and true happiness. The relationship between the RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH and TRADITION, in turn, is essentially based on the category of duration, which is fundamental to social self-identification. TRADITION is perceived as the sum of the secular and the religious dimensions, since the history of the Russian Orthodox Church is inextricably linked with the history of statehood, both in material and spiritual terms. The common elements of the concepts RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH and PATRIOTISM are love for the motherland and readiness to defend it. The categories of memory and duration in time are also important.This work was financed from a subvention for maintaining and developing the research potential of the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences.

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A Contrastive Study of Bulgarian, Polish and Ukrainian Phraseology

Studium konfrontatywne frazeologii bułgarskiej, polskiej i ukraińskiej

Author(s): Wojciech Paweł Sosnowski / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Bulgarian phraseology; Polish phraseology; Ukrainian phraseology; language corpus; phraseological homonyms; phraseological calques; neo-phraseology

This book is devoted to research on the latest phraseological resources of Slavic languages which so far have not been compared in terms of potential similarities in their developmental tendencies. The study identifies the course of tendencies in the development of phraseological resources, pinpoints the units which are highly active in the languages under discussion, and examines similarities and differences in the creation and use of their phraseological resources. The analysis considers two groups of phraseologisms: active general phraseology and the latest phraseology. Contrastive analysis as the adopted study method has come as a compromise between different linguistic schools, in this case Bulgarian, Polish and Ukrainian. This is reflected in specification of many important linguistic terms and in the search for their common denominator. In accordance with the adopted assumptions, the study examines relatively stable semantically indivisible phraseological units which express meanings that are not the sum of the meanings of their components and are reproduced in speech as ready-made word combinations. Thanks to the description of these units by means of definition models on the one hand, and to proceeding from meaning to form on the other, it was possible to analyse material from the three languages at the same time, applying quantitative and qualitative criteria. The work considers about 1,500 phraseological units, 500 from each language. An index of the most frequently used phraseologisms compiled as part of the study includes phraseological units which are not recorded in any other works. The principal aim was to compare and contrast Bulgarian, Polish and Ukrainian phraseologisms in terms of such important aspects as: – types of lexicographic description; – the role of corpora in recording phraseologisms; – linguistic homonymy; – ways of enriching the phraseological resources (e.g. calquing and borrowing phraseological units from different varieties of English); – the presence and vitality of phraseologisms with a cultural component; – the emergence of the latest phraseologisms and the attendant derivational processes, as well as similarities and differences observed in the process of enriching the phraseological resources. This contrastive analysis indicates that the Bulgarian, Polish and Ukrainian languages react to changes in socio-economic and cultural reality in a similar way, and that they describe and interpret these changes by means of many new phraseologisms which emerge following similar derivational processes. The work was financed from the “Excellent Science” Programme of the Polish Minister of Education and Science.

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