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Keywords (150)

  • Republic of Moldova (8)
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Authors (27)

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Series:COMENTARII ECONOMICE PUBLICAŢII

Result 21-40 of 85
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The riddles of the oil products market in the Republic of Moldova
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The riddles of the oil products market in the Republic of Moldova

Enigmele pieței produselor petroliere din Republica Moldova

Author(s): Vadim Gumene / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: oil products; market; Republic of Moldova; fuel prices;

În ultima perioada piața produselor petroliere din Republica Moldova a fost marcată de un șir de antagonisme, care au avut la bază dezacordul consumatorilor față de majorările prețurilor pentru aceste produse. Punctul culminant a fost atins odată cu publicarea de către Agenția Națională pentru Reglementare în Energetică (ANRE) a noilor prețuri plafon de comercializare cu amănuntul a carburanților pentru perioada 13 iunie - 26 iunie. Astfel, pentru benzina auto plafonul fiind stabilit la 19,49 lei/litrul, un preț mai mare cu 34 bani față de cel anterior, iar pentru motorină de 17,41 lei/litrul, un preț mai mare cu 32 bani față de cel anterior.

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La Punct state enterprises. About the black holes of the Moldovan economy
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La Punct state enterprises. About the black holes of the Moldovan economy

Întreprinderile de stat La Punct. Despre găurile negre ale economiei moldovenești

Author(s): Eugen Ghilețchi / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: country's economy; Moldovan economy; state enterprises; black holes;

Moldova se confruntă şi astăzi cu o serie de reminiscențe sovietice, printre care şi proporția mare a economiei dirijată în mod direct de către stat. Conform datelor Agenției Proprietății Publice, pe lângă toate întreprinderile municipale, în 2016, în Moldova existau peste 200 de întreprinderi de stat şi peste 100 de societăți pe acțiuni în care statul deținea o anumită cotă parte (în continuare – companii cu capital de stat). Aceste entități, prin dimensiunea și poziția dominantă pe care o au, continuă să joace un rol semnificativ pentru economia țării.

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The Cost of Corruption in the Republic of Moldova and Who Covers It
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The Cost of Corruption in the Republic of Moldova and Who Covers It

The Cost of Corruption in the Republic of Moldova and Who Covers It

Author(s): Dumitru Budianschi / Language(s): English

Keywords: corruption; Republic of Moldova;

This comment paper gives a brief analysis of the cost of corruption in the Republic of Moldova, on the basis of the available meta analyses. Every year the Republic of Moldova loses from 8% to 13% of the Gross Domestic Product due to corruption, with about MDL 11.8-17.7 billion lost in 2016 only. These amounts exceed all the expenses made in 2016 for all pensioners and their social care allowances.

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Everything about Boards of Directors. How does political favoritism manifest itself in the management of state-owned companies?
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Everything about Boards of Directors. How does political favoritism manifest itself in the management of state-owned companies?

Everything about Boards of Directors. How does political favoritism manifest itself in the management of state-owned companies?

Author(s): Eugen Ghiletchi / Language(s): English

Keywords: political favoritism; management; state-owned companies; corruption;

The proximity of state-owned companies to political factors and economic interest in public assets create a favourable environment for corruption, which justifies a rigorous and uniform approach to everything related to state-owned companies. The State may participate directly in the economic life by means of two legal forms of organisation – state-owned enterprise and joint stock company (hereinafter, the state-owned enterprises and majority state-owned or wholly state-owned joint stock companies will be referred to as state-owned companies, except when a particular legal form is referred to). Although the activity of state-owned enterprises and joint stock companies is governed by separated laws, the management bodies of these companies are largely structured similarly and share the following elements: board of directors, manager/executive body, audit committee.

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La Punct. The financial system: from transparency to trust
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La Punct. The financial system: from transparency to trust

La Punct. Sistemul financiar: de la transparență la încredere

Author(s): Dumitru Pîntea / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: financial system; economic growth;

Un sistem financiar robust, bine supravegheat și flexibil în realizarea funcțiilor de bază reprezintă o premisă solidă pentru o creștere economică durabilă. La baza stabilității sistemului financiar este încrederea, atât de partea investitorilor, cât și de partea consumatorilor de servicii financiare. Lipsa încrederii generează crize, și apare atunci când relația instituție financiară – client este lipsită de transparența necesară iar dezvăluirea informațiilor redusă. În lipsa unor informații pertinente privind situația reală din sistemul financiar, organele de supraveghere nu pot lua decizii juste privind stabilitatea financiară colectivă. De cealaltă parte, nici consumatorul nu poate lua decizii clare care să-i garanteze încrederea deplină și perspective financiare pozitive. Reieșind din acest fapt, dezvăluirea informațiilor are un rol primordial în asigurarea încrederii în sistemului financiar și fortificarea disciplinei de piață. Respectiv transparența este acel mecanism care poate recompensa instituțiile care își informează adecvat clienții, și penaliza pe cele ce desfășoară o activitate obscură.

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Non-Observed Economy and Corruption: Links and Consequences
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Non-Observed Economy and Corruption: Links and Consequences

Non-Observed Economy and Corruption: Links and Consequences

Author(s): Iurie Morcotîlo / Language(s): English

Keywords: Corruption; Non-observed economy; public institutions; taxes;

Non-observed economy and corruption are closely linked and fuel one another. The spread of corruption in public institutions allows economic operators to avoid paying their taxes and then escape punishment. At the same time, corruption is an additional barrier for small entrepreneurs from the non-observed economy to enter the legal one. Such ‘vicious’ relations between corruption and non-observed economy have increased in recent years in the Republic of Moldova and are a major challenge for the country's sustainable development.

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Why corruption negatively affects the intention to pay taxes?
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Why corruption negatively affects the intention to pay taxes?

Why corruption negatively affects the intention to pay taxes?

Author(s): Alexandru Fală / Language(s): English

Keywords: corruption; taxes; shadow economy;

Tax morality reflects people's propensity to pay taxes and strengthening tax morality can lead to diminishing the shadow economy. Tax morality is ”the moral obligation to pay taxes” and represents „people’s conviction that they contribute to the development of the society by paying taxes”. In fact, a higher level of tax morality contributes to diminishing the shadow economy. A number of researchers have empirically demonstrated the negative correlation between the tax morality and non-observed economy. It is also presumed that the use of non-coercive measures aimed at enhancing tax morality would have significant effects on increasing tax compliance.

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Corruption “La Punct”. How Corruption Generates Poverty?
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Corruption “La Punct”. How Corruption Generates Poverty?

Corruption “La Punct”. How Corruption Generates Poverty?

Author(s): Adrian Lupuşor / Language(s): English

Keywords: Corruption; Poverty;

The purpose of this commentary is to explain about the impact of corruption on the welfare of the state and its citizens, as well as the measures required to eliminate this issues, in a simple and clear language.

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Flawed Legislation Is a Source of Corruption
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Flawed Legislation Is a Source of Corruption

Flawed Legislation Is a Source of Corruption

Author(s): Sergiu Gaibu / Language(s): English

Keywords: Corruption; Flawed Legislation; Legislation;

Corruption flourishes when state bureaucracy is not restricted, however it can be significantly limited if the laws are streamlined and specific. Legislation and norms are the key-framework that define the operational processes of state authorities; they determine the organisation and efficiency of public services provided to the private sector, define the interaction rapports between authorities and the private sector, the mechanisms, rights and obligations under this interaction. The regulatory framework specifies the mechanisms that are available to the civil servant in order to provide services to the private sector, including to citizens. Apart from mechanisms and prerogatives, it is crucial that the obligations of civil servants are very well defined, otherwise they might ignore the requests of the citizens and other representatives of the private sector. Without a clear mechanism of consequences for civil servants not honoring their obligations, without direct consequences for the civil servants that violate procedures and obligations, the state institutions and the civil servants will keep being resistant to a diligent and efficient fulfillment of their duties. In the absence of clear punishment mechanisms that could be initiated by citizens in multiple and simple ways, the civil servant will tend to exploit their dominant position and gain economic benefits. Any deficiency in these relationships is a consequence of the flawed regulatory framework. The flawed regulatory framework is a fertile environment for corruption.

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Social Inequality: What Is the Role of Corruption?
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Social Inequality: What Is the Role of Corruption?

Social Inequality: What Is the Role of Corruption?

Author(s): Iurie Morcotîlo / Language(s): English

Keywords: Social Inequality; Corruption; economy; income;

In any economy income is distributed unevenly, but the extent of inequality varies largely from a country to another and could lead to disastrous consequences if it reaches excessive values. Excessive income inequality points out to defects in the social mobility mechanisms and to the fact that benefits of economic growth are not shared by all layers of the society. As well, income concentration in the hands of a limited number of people has negative consequences on the sustainable development of the society. Usually, countries with a high income inequality level have a slower economic growth pace in the long run, which worsens the poverty. There are multiple factors that lead to larger income disparities and they include technology, structure of social and fiscal policies etc., but an important role also has the corruption.

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La Punct. Informal Economy: What corruption risks arise in enterprises founded by a local government body?
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La Punct. Informal Economy: What corruption risks arise in enterprises founded by a local government body?

La Punct. Неформальная экономика: Какие коррупционные риски возникают на предприятиях, учредителем которых является орган местного публичного управления?

Author(s): Tatiana Savva / Language(s): Russian

Keywords: La Punct; Informal Economy; corruption; enterprises;

Менеджеры отечественных муниципальных предприятий (МП) полагали в начале 2018 года, что коррупция – наименее важная проблема возглавляемого ими субъекта. В то же время только на протяжении последних двух лет Национальный центр по борьбе с коррупцией запротоколировал 25 инцидентов неподкупности, к которым были причастны должностные лица муниципальных предприятий, из которых 14 основаны Кишиневским муниципальным советом. Речь идет, в том числе, о фактах извлечения выгоды из влияния, злоупотребления властью или злоупотребления служебным положением, превышения служебных полномочий и отмывания денег. Еще 7 серьезных случаев конфликтов интересов не были урегулированы и по сей день. Отсутствие прозрачности в деятельности предприятия, неясные правовые рамки, полное отсутствие интереса со стороны учредителей приводят к тому, что предполагаемые годовые потери в результате коррупции превышают 500 млн. MDL. К основным сферам с самым высоким коррупционным риском и самыми высокими потерями относятся управление имуществом этих предприятий и процесс закупок. Далее будет представлено краткое описание главных коррупционных рисков в рамках муниципальных предприятий и будут сформулированы краткие рекомендации.

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Combating Corruption in Public Procurement: What Are the Critical Factors?
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Combating Corruption in Public Procurement: What Are the Critical Factors?

Combating Corruption in Public Procurement: What Are the Critical Factors?

Author(s): Iurie Morcotîlo / Language(s): English

Keywords: Public procurement; corruption;

Public procurement is an area that is highly exposed to corruption risks. Corruption risks proliferate in this area due to the huge amounts allocated by the Government for the procurement of goods, services and works. At international level, countries allocate between 15% and 30% of the GDP for public procurement, while in Moldova this share is slightly lower – about 10-12%. Another major factor that encourages corruption in public procurement is the complex and non-transparent procedures, which are conventionally divided into three stages – from procurement planning to contract enforcement. Also, an important role in the corruption equation from public procurement plays the quality and integrity of the civil servants in charge of this area and of the private companies that compete for public contracts. Thus, the corruption risks in public procurement depend on a broad range of factors that need a systemic approach.

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What is the cost of real estate lease in the Chisinau city?
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What is the cost of real estate lease in the Chisinau city?

What is the cost of real estate lease in the Chisinau city?

Author(s): Tatiana Savva / Language(s): English

Keywords: Chisinau city; corruption; real estate lease; cost;

Costs and risks of corruption are triggered by social norms, traditions, the existing legal framework and impunity. Conditions other than the legal rules are also required to control corruption, but those conditions are sometimes beyond the authority grasp. Examples relevant to this end could be low labour remuneration in the public sector or legal framework provisions that can be construed (for instance, the bidding mechanism could be used to lease non-residential/nonhabitable premises and direct negations as well). In the case of asset management in Chisinau municipality, the relations between the beneficiary and the public authority take place in the so-called "grey" or "informal" area, where it is not very clear how the power is executed, where no corruption risks were identified, but rather informal prerequisites for corrupt practices. We aim to describe below the aforementioned prerequisites and how they affect the lease of non-residential premises located in the municipality of Chisinau.

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Everything about Informal Economy. Reducing Corruption by Developing Cashless Payments
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Everything about Informal Economy. Reducing Corruption by Developing Cashless Payments

Everything about Informal Economy. Reducing Corruption by Developing Cashless Payments

Author(s): Eugen Ghiletchi / Language(s): English

Keywords: Informal Economy; corruption; cash;

Cash is the instrument due to which corruption exists. Cash anonymity, impossibility to identify its source, and non-traceability of cash transactions are the reasons why beneficiaries of corruption depend directly on the presence and circulation of cash. If there were no cash available, it would be much more difficult to get involved in corruption transactions, because of the possibility to reconstruct every transaction, including its beneficiaries, revealing thus their interests. Decreasing the high share of cash in financial flows can help eradicate corruption at least partially.

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Why Corruption Decreases the Efficiency of Public Spending?
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Why Corruption Decreases the Efficiency of Public Spending?

Why Corruption Decreases the Efficiency of Public Spending?

Author(s): Alexandru Fală / Language(s): English

Keywords: Corruption; public spending;

In the Republic of Moldova, the efficiency of public spending is low, compared to other states in the region. In 2017, according to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report, the efficiency of public spending in the Republic of Moldova was marked with 2.7 points, which reveals an improvement compared to 2016 when the score was 2.6 points. Despite this progress, the Republic of Moldova ranks the 14th of the 20 countries in Eastern Europe and Caucasus in terms of public spending efficiency (see Error! Reference source not found.).

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Informal Economy. Why do we lose land in the Chisinau city?
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Informal Economy. Why do we lose land in the Chisinau city?

Informal Economy. Why do we lose land in the Chisinau city?

Author(s): Tatiana Savva / Language(s): English

Keywords: Informal Economy; economic development; Chisinau municipality;

One of the most important resources for the development of Chisinau municipality is the land. Unfortunately, the way in which land is administered does not ensure their use in the best way to meet the needs of development of the Chisinau municipality. Multiple journalistic investigations, as well as public scandals, show that the management of municipal land, especially in recent years, is done in an "informal" way, with abusive takeovers of land from public and private domains, ineffective management of those in the municipal property, controversial decisions of the Chisinau Municipal Council. The subject of this commentary is the management of municipal land and why, year after year, we lose more and more land.

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Bond... Eurobond... The unknowns behind a successful show
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Bond... Eurobond... The unknowns behind a successful show

Bond... Eurobond... Necunoscutele din spatele unei emisii de succes

Author(s): Dumitru Pîntea,Adrian Lupușor / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: state budget; Eurobond; international financial markets;

În ultimul timp tot mai mult se vehiculează ideea diversificării surselor de finanțare a soldului (deficitului) bugetului de stat prin emiterea unui Eurobond pe piețele financiare internaționale. Recent, Guvernul a prevăzut această posibilitate odată cu aprobarea Programului „Managementul datoriei de stat pe termen mediu (2020-2022)”. Astfel, ținând cont de tendința de diminuare a intrărilor de împrumuturi în condiții concesionale de la instituțiile financiare internaționale, pe termen mediu, Republica Moldova urmează să acceseze noi oportunități de finanțare, atât pe piața financiară internă, cât și pe cea externă. Una din opțiuni presupune accesarea pieței financiare internaționale și emiterea unui Eurobond cu maturitatea de 7 ani în sumă totală de 500,0 mil. USD, cu scopul enunțat de a extinde maturitatea portofoliului, de a diversifica baza investițională și de a acoperi insuficiența de resurse externe care a fost prognozată pentru anii 2021 și 2022.

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Analysis of changes to taxes for natural resources from the draft law on the establishment of measures to support the activity of an entrepreneur and the modification of some normative acts
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Analysis of changes to taxes for natural resources from the draft law on the establishment of measures to support the activity of an entrepreneur and the modification of some normative acts

Analiza modificărilor la taxele pentru resursele naturale din proiectul de lege privind instituirea unor măsuri de susținere a activității de întreprinzător și modificarea unor acte normative

Author(s): Dumitru Budianschi / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: tax; entrepreneurs; normative acts;

Ministerul Finanțelor a publicat pe 16/04/2020 pentru consultare proiectul de Lege privind instituirea unor măsuri de susținere a activității de întreprinzător și modificarea unor acte normative. La Articolul II al proiectului sunt preconizate mai multe modificări în codul fiscal, inclusiv prin punctele 21-26 se propune modificarea regimului taxelor pe resursele naturale. În primul rând propunerea de a modifica regimul taxelor pe resursele naturale printr-o lege care preponderent este dedicată măsurilor ce țin de diminuarea efectelor COVID-19 nu poate fi acceptată. Se creează impresia că Guvernul încearcă să „strecoare” aceste modificări în Codul Fiscal fără o fundamentare cât de cât a modificărilor propuse și fără o discuție cu toți actorii implicați (publici și privați). Pentru a aduce mai multă claritate privind modificările propuse în continuare este prezentată o analiză a celor mai importante modificări propuse la subiectul taxelor pe resursele naturale.

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Anti-crisis macroeconomic policy: from defensive to offensive to combat the effects of COVID-19
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Anti-crisis macroeconomic policy: from defensive to offensive to combat the effects of COVID-19

Politica macroeconomică anti-criză: din defensivă în ofensivă pentru combaterea efectelor COVID-19

Author(s): Adrian Lupușor / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: COVID-19; Anti-crisis macroeconomic policy; national economy; budgetary expansion;

Noile realități generate de pandemia COVID-19 impun noi abordări de politică macroeconomică, pentru a face față provocărilor, dar și pentru a susține restructurarea economiei naționale și relansarea acesteia în perioada postCOVID-19. În pofida acțiunilor deja întreprinse de către Guvern și Banca Națională a Moldovei, avem nevoie de o expansiune bugetară și relaxare monetară mai largă, mai proactivă, mai bine coordonată, dar, mai ales, vizionară. Până în prezent, măsurile economice anti-criză s-au axat pe anumite acțiuni reactive și întârziate, iar recent au obținut și o anumită încărcătură geopolitică în contextul creditului rusesc. Însă, dincolo de măsuri „cosmetice” sau discuții (geopolitice) despre identificarea surselor de finanțare externă a deficitului bugetar, avem nevoie de o abordare vizionară care să ancoreze o politică macroeconomică autentică de criză. Aceasta trebuie să fie bazată pe 3 piloni de bază: (i) reality check: înțelegerea crizei, inclusiv a provocărilor, dar și oportunităților acesteia; (ii) definirea necesităților curente și viitoare ale firmelor și populației; și (iii) identificarea surselor de finanțare, precum și a instrumentelor de canalizare a resurselor conform necesităților și oportunităților identificate. În lipsa unei asemenea viziuni, politicile anti-criză vor rămâne reactive, insuficiente și vor duce la îndatorarea țării fără careva îmbunătățiri structurale pe termen lung.

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How (in)accessible are domestic markets for domestic producers?!
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How (in)accessible are domestic markets for domestic producers?!

Cât de (in)accesibile sunt piețele autohtone pentru producătorii casnici?!

Author(s): Vitalie Rapcea,Nicoleta Cojocaru / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: domestic markets; domestic producers; trade; corruption;

În mintea citadinilor moldoveni s-a cristalizat deja imaginea unei persoane în etate, care stă pe marginea drumului și își vinde presupusul surplus din gospodăria proprie. Acești pseudo-comercianți sunt definiți în legislația autohtonă drept producători casnici, care pot să-și comercializeze produsele din gospodăria proprie în anumite condiții. O analiză mai atentă a acestor condiții denotă că acestea sunt cu anevoie de îndeplinit, mai cu seamă pentru cei care nu practică activitatea de comerț decât ocazional. În contextul în care comerțul pe marginea străzilor este interzis, iar accesul în piață pentru producătorii casnici este quasi imposibil, acești comercianți amărâți, veniți de la sate să-și vândă rodul muncii proprii, sunt nevoiți să fugă de poliție, să plătească amenzi, să fie umiliți de către administratorii piețelor, sau chiar amenințați de comercianții profesioniști care fac exces de zel în încercarea de a-și proteja vadul comercial. Astfel, prezentul comentariu încearcă să ilustreze vulnerabilitățile cadrului legal existent, care nu permite accesul producătorilor casnici în piețe, perpetuând riscurile de corupție și abuz din partea actorilor implicați în implementarea prevederilor legale aferente.

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