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Bolyai Breviary

Bolyai-breviárium

Author(s): Róbert Oláh-Gál / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: János Bolyai; Farkas Bolyai; anniversary; memoir;letters;

János Bolyai was born 210 years ago. With this themes, I would like to attract the attention of the interested readers to this anniversary. About the Bolyais a lot of people wrote a lot of things. Even so we would like to confirm with this small book that there are still many unknown findings in their life. For example we didn’t known that János Bolyai spent in his childhood every summer at Alsógáld (Galda de Jos). János Bolyai doesn’t lived twelve years in Domáld, only six. It is interesting to know about their adaptation in the surroundings. The first chapter contains a compact résumé about the life of János Bolyai based on the latest authentic documents from the archives. The second chapter is about Farkas Bolyai: his closest relations and his relation with his surroundings. The most precious part of this chapter is the letter which was written by Farkas Bolyai to the baron Miklós Wesselényi. By the way, this document contains new data too about the history of the Reformed Boarding School. The third chapter includes some interesting information about János Bolyai. It turns out that he wasn’t the savant who lived one's life aloof but he was a very active person who took care to common weal, to the civic life of Marosvásárhely but who worked equally on the farm in Domáld.

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The Life and Work of Károly Apor (1815–1885)

Báró altorjai Apor Károly (1815–1885) életének és munkásságának vázlatos bemutatása

Author(s): Róbert Oláh-Gál / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: Károly Apor; life and work; Therezianum; King Ferdinand 5th; vineyard; 19th century

This book presents Baron Károly Apor’s life and work. Bibliographic data are presented about the famous man of culture and legal expert.Károly Apor was born at 11th December 1815 in Turia de Jos, the Apor family’s ancestral home. He started elementary school from 1822 in Baia Mare and continued his studies in 1824 at the Therezianum Vienna, as a protégé of King Francis, where he studied law. In Therezianum he studied until 1835 when King Ferdinand 5th allowed him to continue his studies at the Academy of Law in Bratislava. In 1838 he was assigned to Târgu-Mureş and in July 1839 he passed comprehensive examination of case law. In his initial enthusiasm, he joined the National Guard, but in November 1848, when General Gedeon took Târgu-Mureş, Károly Apor fled to Vienna and waited there the end of the revolution. At the end of 1849 he returned to Transylvania with Count Imre Mikó. Later he was appointed as president of the Supreme Court of Târgu-Mureş, a position he had until his death. He died on 31 October 1885 in Târgu-Mureş and was buried in the Tofălău vineyard according to his wish.This book shows that Apor was a bibliophile of value, but he was also a prominent landowner: he produced excellent wines, and he was also one of the first photographers in Transylvania.

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"They Started in September...” Youth Education in the Socialist Press of Minorities: Columns for Children and Youth in the Gazettes Neue Banater Zeitung and Szabad Szó (1968–1990)

„Elindultak szeptemberben…” Ifjúságnevelés a kisebbségi szocialista sajtóban: A Neue Banater Zeitung és a Szabad Szó gyermek- és ifjúsági rovatai (1968–1990)

Author(s): Erika Kommer / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: youth education; daily newspapers; Neue Banater Zeitung; Szabad Szó; Timişoara; socio-political relations;

This book is a comparative analysis of the articles appeared in the daily newspapers Neue Banater Zeitung (published in German) and Szabad Szó (written in Hungarian) edited in Timişoara between 1968 and 1990. The main question of the research is: How and in what ways are children and youth addressed by these newspapers? Looking for a response, the book firstly outlines the socio-political relations in Romania during the period under review, mentioning the most important historical and cultural events of the German and Hungarian minorities. Another chapter presents the Neue Banater Zeitung, highlighting the personality of Editor-in-Chief Nikolaus Berwanger and key columns such as Pipatsch and Kulturbote. This is followed by the presentation of Szabad Szó and then the children’s, youth’s, and student’s pages and columns for correspondence of both newspapers. A separate chapter deals with the language of these columns, the “Newspeek” / “wooden language” as a tool of manipulation as well as the educational principles and the school model reflected in these newspapers of the communist Romania. The book also contains analysis of newspaper articles and interviews with journalists from the era: János Graur, Horst Samson, Ödön Józsa, Marius Koity, and Mária Pongrácz P.

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Lives and Stories from a Bygone World

Életek és történetek egy letűnt világból

Author(s): Mária Szikszai / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: life stories; Mihály Tyukodi; documents; priest; anthropological journey;

We all have stories, written, oral or otherwise, that we formulate and distribute throughout our lives. This is the story of Mihály Tyukodi, which we learn from the documents he left us. The story of a priest who just wanted to be a man - as he himself put it about himself. But his story has become a little bit mine since I got to know him, because my story is a little bit different since I got to know his. This book is an attempt to tell Mihály’s story, based on the documents he left to posterity. The protagonist of our book has lived through most of the 20th century: he was born in 1916 and lived through the turn of 1989. He saw unfold in 1990 the new world that had previously been a dream in Romania. The written material he left behind is a rarity of its kind: more than 2,400 documents survive after him. The journey to which I invite the reader is an anthropological journey, but it is not in space but in time: these documents offer a journey through time into the culture of a world now gone.

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Turning points and defining personalities in the study of subsurface resources of Transylvania before 1920

Fordulópontok és meghatározó személyiségek Erdély altalajkincseinek megismeréstörténetében 1920 előtt

Author(s): Ferenc Wanek / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: subsurface resources; Transylvania before 1920; history of natural resources and mining;

This volume is an attempt to paint a picture of the history of natural resources and mining in Transylvania, through a few selected examples arranged in a chronological order, up to the point in time mentioned in the title. It relies on a scientific approach, but also tries to give an account that is easy to read and understand.Some of the chapters identify the locations of medieval mines that were known from documents but had no precise geographic positions; others call the attention to the fact that, taking into account their characteristics, some modern-day mines were also active during medieval times. The book guides the reader through the adventurous history of learning about the geology of energy resources (natural gas, coal) in Transylvania. In the process of doing that, it also highlights ideas and concepts that were introduced here for the first time in the history of science, such as the industrial use of natural gas, pioneering research on single-celled fossils, and the clarification of stratigraphic controversies through the use of paleontology. The effect of the scientific, economic, societal, and political context on the exploration and exploitation of raw materials – and mineral waters as well – is also discussed.By describing the work of a few outstanding Transylvanian geologists (e.g., Franz Herbich, Gyula Halaváts, and Mór Pálfy), we also highlight that, despite all the difficulties of doing scientific work in a small and often disadvantaged country, thanks to these scientists, this region was able to keep up with, or even lead, the scientific advances in Europe and the rest of the world. In some cases we also discuss their contributions in areas outside of the geosciences.By summarizing and cataloguing those publications of these researchers that are relevant to Transylvania, we also hope to aid further studies in the history of geoscience in this region.

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The ways of Path Seeking in Arts Reflected by the Hungarian Periodicals in Romania (1965-1975)

A MŰVÉSZETI ÚTKERESÉS VÁLTOZATAI A ROMÁNIAI MAGYAR IDŐSZAKI SAJTÓBAN (1965–1975)

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Szuszámi / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: Hungarian periodicals in Romania; Utunk; Korunk; Igaz Szó;

My book follows the endeavours and path seeking in fine arts between 1965 and 1975 as reflected in the contemporary press, more specifically in the most important cultural magazines of the age, namely in the weekly publication Utunk, as well as in Korunk and Igaz Szó. The other main area of this book is the evolution of fine arts criticism in these magazines. As a result, the research contains an analysis of the mode of communication after 1965 and discusses how the fine arts content started becoming increasingly free in the above publications, which years saw the publication of the most fine arts-related writings, and, finally, how the slogans and obligatory content praising the party and the system found their way into the publications again after 1972. The book is followed by an Annex, containing four interviews made with Zoltán Banner, the period’s editor of the arts column of Utunk, Lajos Kántor, the period’s columnist at Korunk, and Zsolt Gálfalvi, the period’s assistant editor at Igaz Szó. The interviews complement the image of the age at the level of oral history, but they also contain important data regarding the press of the time.

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University on Farkas Street

Egyetem a Farkas utcában

Author(s): György Gaal / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: Franz Joseph University; Hungarian higher education; Cluj-Napoca;

The volume provides a detailed presentation of the circumstances and the process of establishing Franz Joseph University in Cluj-Napoca, describes the various development stages in the life of the University, and lines up the portraits of the emblematic personalities of Hungarian university education from different historical periods. The book at hand is well documented and beautifully illustrated with contemporary photographs, evoking the past centuries of Hungarian higher education.

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Under the Spell of Dance

A tánc bűvöletében

Author(s): Adrienne Laskay / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: dance artist; conversation; Erzsebet Szálassy Nagy; the foundations of ballet; the composition of a performance, choreography;

This volume is the result of conversations the author has had with dance artist Erzsébet Szálassy Nagy, giving an insight into the artist’s private life, shedding a light onto her family background (her father is the author of the workers’ life István Nagy, her mother is the sister of Béla Józsa, who died in martyrdom whilst incarcerated for his anti-war activities during World War II.), bringing into focus her career as an artist, her preparations for it, and her involuntary change of career, which luckily happened in her retirement years only. Moreover, the book provides a peek into topics related to the art of dancing, which are more or less hidden from the everyday audience. These are specialized topics that touch on the foundations of ballet, emphasize the role of music in the construction of movements, stress the importance of physical and psychological factors, illuminate the role of the choreographer in the composition of a performance, and point out the importance of the artistic methods of expression in the dramatic construction of ballet. Photos of her performances provide colour to the book, as well as recensions and reviews in the Appendix, complemented by the chronological listing of the artist’s roles in her repertoire.

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Three chapters from the history of the Hungarian geographical sciences of the 18th–19th centuries

Három fejezet a magyar földrajztudomány XVIII–XIX. századi történetéből

Author(s): Attila Hevesi / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: geographical sciences; Earth sciences; mineralogy; geology; cartography; Sámuel Brassai; Pál Bertalanffi; János Kászonújfalvi Szabó;

In historical times, Earth sciences, such as mineralogy, geology, cartography, or geography, developed within the geographical sciences, parallel with and in the neighbourhood of astronomy. Earth sciences in Hungary started to emerge in the 16th century, written mainly in Latin, Hungarian, and German languages, together with the related sciences. The first Hungarian-speaking geographical literature, and also the related natural science literatures as well, was the Hungarian Encyclopaedia (1635) from János Apáczai Csere.Pál Bertalanffi had finalized the first complete, fully Hungarian written geographical textbook by 1757. As the result of his activity and inspiration, several cutting edge geographical books were written at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. Besides of his impact, János Kászonújfalvi Szabó (1803) recognized the processes of terrace formation almost a half a century earlier than the leading European Earth science community. It is well known that the world has been expanded after the 15th century and this fact has resulted the blooming of the geographical sciences. The huge amount of new geographical information required a paradigm change in the teaching of geography. The first practical researcher of this field was Sámuel Brassai (1834).The aim of this book was to introduce the geographical oeuvres of these three scientists.

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“Everything for Transylvania!” The History of the Transylvanian Party between 1940 and 1944

„MINDENT ERDÉLYÉRT!” AZ ERDÉLYI PÁRT TÖRTÉNETE 1940 ÉS 1944 KÖZÖTT

Author(s): János Kristóf Murádin / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: inter-war Transylvania; Second Vienna Arbitration;

The book entitled “Everything for Transylvania!” The History of the Transylvanian Party between 1940 and 1944 offers a detailed presentation of the history of the dominant political organization of the Hungarians in Northern Transylvania, reannexed by Hungary after the Second Vienna Arbitration. After the introduction and the methodological part, the volume presents the Transylvanian Party in eight chapters. The first chapter offers a comprehensive image of the Hungarian political life in the inter-war Transylvania, while the following chapter analyses the Second Vienna Arbitration and its consequences, with special attention to the invitation of Transylvanian deputies to the Parliament. The third chapter discusses the foundation of the Transylvanian Party, presents its leadership and the development of the local branches, and analyses the composition of the membership, together with the ways of financial sustainment. After that, the next chapter is about the ideology of the Party, also covering a presentation of its programme. The fifth chapter is dedicated to the parliamentary work. Through analysing the discourses, the party’s cultural, economic, foreign and minority politics are presented. The next chapter is a synthesis of the activity of the Party as an organization for the safeguarding of public interest. Its symbols and publications are presented here, as well as the mass events and some minor events organized by the Party and the institutionalized relations with its members. For the presentation of the political background of the Transylvanian Party, it is essential to describe the attempts made by mother land parties after 1940 to penetrate into Northern Transylvania, which is the topic of the seventh chapter. The last chapter of the book describes the political changes after the German occupation in March 1944 and its effects on the Party. This final part presents the abolition of the Party from the perspective of general political and military events. The volume ends with the chronology of the Party’s history, the list of the political leaders and several short biographies of the leading politicians of the Transylvanian Party, incorporated by annexes. The list of images and tables are included in appendices, followed by bibliography. During his research work, the author used archival sources, collections of documents, publications of the Transylvanian Party, special books and studies, memoirs and articles from the contemporary press.

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Series:Tudománytörténet

Bolyai-breviárium

Báró altorjai Apor Károly (1815–1885) életének és munkásságának vázlatos bemutatása

„Elindultak szeptemberben…” Ifjúságnevelés a kisebbségi szocialista sajtóban: A Neue Banater Zeitung és a Szabad Szó gyermek- és ifjúsági rovatai (1968–1990)

Életek és történetek egy letűnt világból

Fordulópontok és meghatározó személyiségek Erdély altalajkincseinek megismeréstörténetében 1920 előtt

A MŰVÉSZETI ÚTKERESÉS VÁLTOZATAI A ROMÁNIAI MAGYAR IDŐSZAKI SAJTÓBAN (1965–1975)

Egyetem a Farkas utcában

A tánc bűvöletében

Három fejezet a magyar földrajztudomány XVIII–XIX. századi történetéből

„MINDENT ERDÉLYÉRT!” AZ ERDÉLYI PÁRT TÖRTÉNETE 1940 ÉS 1944 KÖZÖTT