"A Guide to Publishing in International Relations Journals"
Reports and Information; Sprawozdania i informacje
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Reports and Information; Sprawozdania i informacje
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‘Dead silence’ can resonate with more meaning than the spoken word, the absence of oral discourse signaling the presence of an unsettling subject, as Edward Said commented in Culture and Imperialism. Heart of Darkness pierces this silence through its assessment of Victorian society’s corrosive capitalist core. The novella’s symbolism and collapse of binaries anticipates modernism, and these techniques allow Conrad to censure white men, both those with real and petty power; and white women, who are depicted as colonialism’s passive or active enablers. This portrayal ultimately condemns the characters’ brutality even as it expresses cynicism about humanity’s potential for compassion.
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The paper discusses one of the latest revisions of Doctor Jekyll’s dark side, Mr Hyde, as depicted in a graphic novel by Cole Haddon and M.S. Corley The Strange Case of Mr. Hyde. The text is a sequel to Stevenson’s novella and sets his character in 1888 during Jack the Ripper’s autumn of terror. What makes it stand out among other adaptations and appropriations is the combination of a Victorian and a modern villain – Edward Hyde and Hannibal Lecter, as well as giving voice to a Victorian police detective – a character that was ignored by the majority of nineteenth-century writers.
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Relevance Theory (RT) (Sperber – Wilson 1986 [1995], Wilson – Sperber 2004) postulates the existence of explicit content in utterance meaning, called explicature. The explicitness of explicatures might be expected to consist, among other properties, in their intersubjectivity. However, the RT theoretical assumptions and tools crucial to explicature construction and identification all seem to be individual-relative and, as such, subjective. If so, the explicitness of explicature needs further elaboration.
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The paper draws a picture of a wider social context of functioning of sociology in Poland. Authors rely primarily on the methodology of Pierre Bourdieu to achieve this aim. In particular they reconstruct the general position of the sociological field in relation to the wider field of power and the specific characteristic of the later. They include, as the authors see them, domination of the cultural capital over the economic capital and the resulting hegemony of the intelligentsia in the field of power. Another important characteristic of the Polish field of power, which seems typical for most peripheral societies, is its division on to one part orientated towards the integration with the global core and its other part challenging the global domination, though, mostly in the cultural sphere. This division is also clearly transmitted into the structure of the sociological field, given its relatively restricted autonomy and results in a strong superiority of public sociology over the weakly developed critical sociology. Abstrakt Artykuł rysuje szerszy kontekst społeczny funkcjonowania socjologii w Polsce. Autorzy odwołują się w tym celu w pierwszej kolejności do metodologii Pierre’a Bourdieu, rekonstruując w ogólnych zarysach pozycję pola socjologicznego w szerszym polu władzy, a także specyficzne cechy tego ostatniego. Należy do nich w ich przekonaniu dominacja kapitału kulturowego nad ekonomicznym i związana z tym hegemonia szeroko rozumianej inteligencji. Ważną cechą polskiego pola władzy jest też jego charakterystyczny dla krajów peryferyjnych podział na część zorientowaną na integrację z globalnym centrum i część stawiającą mu względny, głównie kulturowy, opór. Podział ten przenosi się również wyraźnie na pole socjologiczne, co jest związane z ograniczoną autonomią tego ostatniego i owocuje między innymi znaczącą w Polsce przewagą nurtu socjologii publicznej nad nurtem socjologii krytycznej.
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Moshe Sertels was a son of Issachar and Sarah. He was born circa mid-16th century in Prague. He was a teacher and worked as a translator and exegete. Sertels wrote several texts that attracted wide interest. One of them was a work titled Sefer Beer Moshe, a bilingual commentary on the Torah and five megillot. The construction of the text, its clarity and intelligibility, made it an excellent tool for teaching the Torah in cheders (e.g. such usage of this text was noted in the books of the Cracovian brotherhood Talmud Torah). The article presents the figure of the author and his literary oeuvre with particular focus on the Sefer Beer Moshe as a work that served generations of Ashkenazi Jews to enhance their knowledge of the Torah. The author discusses characteristics of the text and underlines several issues in regard to the Yiddish language in the form that was used in Prague at the turn of the 17th century.
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The present study provides support for Cameron’s claim that metaphor should be studied only with reference to its discourse context (2007a: 112). Only discourse features of metaphor may point at its potential and role in dialogic interaction. Cameron’s Discourse Dynamics Framework is definitely an appropriate tool for the analysis of metaphor in its full context of use: it allows not only for quantitative analysis of metaphor, but also pays enough attention to the qualitative study of this phenomenon. The very name of the approach suggests that metaphor is perceived as an emergent phenomenon conditioned by the continuous evolution of talk. As could have been observed, the DDF puts forward its own research strategies, conditions for metaphor identification and its own terminology. What is also important, the framework defines different metaphor types such as linguistic or systematic metaphors at different levels of discourse and depicts the whole phenomenon of metaphor in talk as continuously built up and shaped through the dynamics of discourse.
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The paper examines the relevance of Aldous Huxley’s widely known comfortable dystopia, depicted in the novel Brave New World – along with some additional material drawn from his other, earlier writings – by comparing it to two relatively recent books from the social sciences: Zygmunt Bauman’s Globalization: The Human Consequences (1998) and Thomas Hylland Eriksen’s Tyranny of the Moment (2001). It then analyzes the differences and similarities between the ideas espoused in the three books and enquires what they might bring to the general debate about our condition, focusing specifically on the problems of our (in)ability to correctly describe and predict the relationships between the present, the past and the future, and on the function and relevance of meta-narratives.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the chief aspects of the synchronic use of the multi- functional word ol (gloss: 3PL/PL) in its characteristic functions of a third-person plural pronoun and a plural marker in Tok Pisin1, recorded in a small group of texts which represent the contemporary written register of Tok Pisin. It is hoped that the undertaken examination of a number of characteristic contexts modified by this particle will shed some light on a prominent aspect of multifunctionality within the nominal morphology of Tok Pisin.
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In the United States, the assumption of the presidency by Barack Obama was accompanied by widespread expectations that the economic crisis would be overcome, that US leadership on the international stage would be strengthened, and her decline in infl uence halted. The desire to see the US take action, which can be so clearly discerned in various regions of the world, has boosted the authority of the new administration as has the improving image of the US worldwide, in large part thanks to the president’s popularity. Barack Obama's administration has promised radical changes in many areas of US foreign policy, but the scale and character of these changes is still diffi cult to evaluate. The formation and implementation of the new administration's foreign policy will be heavily infl uenced by the effects of the crisis in the USA and throughout the world which will restrict the White House's freedom of action, and the need for foreign policy continuity due to the global extent of American interests. The fi rst decisions taken by President Obama indicate that his foreign policy shift's will include those elements for which his predecessor was most criticized – the manner in which foreign policy was carried out and the leadership style manifested. The new administration, to a greater degree than that of George W. Bush, is positively inclined towards diplomacy, multilateral operations, and cooperation with allies and partners, especially regional powers. Obama's government has approached Russia, Iran and the parties to the Israeli-Palestinian confl ict with fresh policy initiatives. We may assume that the foreign policy of the White House's new incumbent will be characterized by a high degree of "realism". In certain areas (Asia, and Europe to an extent) the Obama administration will continue – of course with some modifi cations – the pragmatic policies of the Bush government in its fi nal stages.
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It has been shown that syllable-based accounts can handle neither interconsonantal stop epenthesis (emergent stops) nor r-metathesis in historical and modern English. The challenge lies in the fact that the two processes seem to ignore syllable optimization. Of the two phenomena, stop epenthesis represents a more striking case because it gives rise to more complex syllable margins and hence is an example of a markedness-increasing process. The syllable-based approach has failed to generate the observed patterns. Syllabic conditioning was equally difficult to discern in the case of rmetathesis, as the process is typified by inconsistency and lack of directionality. A phonetic explanation has been offered as an insightful alternative to the syllable-based approaches. First, the stops that arise in perception have found a straightforward explanation in aerodynamic and acoustic considerations. Second, the transposition of r has been effectively handled as a case of perceptual metathesis involving segments with elongated phonetic cues. The proposed evolutionary explanations are successful on both predictive and explanatory grounds because they accurately reflect the typology and are based on experimentally supported evidence.
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The author discusses the meaning, origins, role and significance of contemporary aquaculture in the broader sense of the word and as the breeding of marine organisms, especially fish, in the context of the significant overfishing of many bodies of water. Marine aquaculture is sometimes linked to aquaculture as carried out in estuaries and rivers flowing into the sea. Associated with aquaculture are such areas as biotechnology and genetic engineering, and also the protection of the marine environment against pollution coming from coastal aquatic farms. In this regard various technologies are used including artificial reefs surrounding the farms to reduce their negative environmental impacts, and advanced electronic monitoring systems. The European Union has introduced a special, interdisciplinary research program with the aim of preparing a comprehensive report dealing with such issues as the legal and economic aspects of environmental protection in the vicinity of fish farms. The EU approaches the issue of aquaculture from various perspectives including the economy of coastal areas, but it also takes a broader, global approach – within the framework of assistance programs for developing countries in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific. The author highlights the legal aspects relating to this, their direct and indirect relationship to aquaculture, also in the context of marine environmental protection. Experience from Europe, the Middle East and Asia concerning the legal aspects of marine aquaculture could be used to inform appropriate legislation. This could then be disseminated not only on a sub-regional and regional scale, but also more widely.
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The article examines four early novels by Aldous Huxley – Crome Yellow, Antic Hay, Those Barren Leaves and Point Counter Point – in connection to each other and to Huxley’s essays, in terms of an overarching theme of a cycle of pain, and thereby connects the novels to Brave New World. In the course of the analysis, the methodological problems of approaching the novels as ‘‘novels of ideas” are discussed, focusing on the problem of reducing characters to type, which makes it more difficult for readers to notice the way Huxley constructs individual characters and the arguments he wishes to explore with them. Finally, implications of the existence of this overarching theme for reading strategies are discussed.
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