CEEOL - Search Result

How Efficient is to Judge By Standards in a Civil Law Country? A Law and Economics Approach on Brazilian’s Precedent System

Author(s): Edson Antônio Pinto / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Precedent; Civil Law; New Civil Procedure Code; Law and Economics; Biding Decision Making

In civil law countries, the law arises, as a general rule, from a politicallegislative source that, through popular legitimacy, create norms that make up thelegal system, differently from the common law tradition, in which the bindingprecedents are acknowledged as a legal source. However, recently Brazil hasstructured a new system of precedents that imperatively binds all the Judiciary,in order to recognize, from here onwards, the normative force of the Brazilian’sSuperior Courts decisions, in a system very much alike the judge-made law. Albeit,due to this legal innovation, the question that remains is if this is the most efficientform of judicial decision-making, or if the application and interpretation of lawby the Magistrates, in an independent and individual manner, is the best way tojudge. For that reason, the present essay analyzed this new Brazilian’s PrecedentSystem on an approach of Law and Economics, considering the proper institutesof this legal doctrine, and demonstrated that the efficiency gains in this new bindingsystem, justifies its application even if it means, for part of the jurists, the reductionof Judges liberty to adjudicate.

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Social Media and Freedom of Thought

Author(s): Adela Băncău-Burcea / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Communication; social media; conventional media; freedom of critical thinking; manipulation; democracy

Freedom of thought, viewed as a natural right, has become a topic of interest in the context of the threat of human dignity by media warfare, due to the degree of globalization of the media. This fundamental right must be anessential component of any democratic information society. The general idea from which this article starts is circumscribed to the social media phenomenon and its effects on freedom. Thus, it is considered how certain aspects of this phenomenon can restrict the user’s right to freedom of thought with his own mind, in relation todemocracy. One of these and the most common is manipulation, the behavior that the new media user should become aware of. A balance must be struck between the need to respect human dignity and the right to freedom of critical thinking and the need to preserve the right to store, process and disseminate information and ideas.

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Utopian State, Concept and Need of RamRajya: A literary Study

Author(s): Neerja Gupta / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Utopian State; literary Study

Rajya is a political cannon and Ram stands for kalyan (a state of welfare). One should wonder how the concept of a welfare state can be well defined through literary writings. The term literary Ramrajya, in that context may seem vague and absurd. Ram-Rajya makes a concept of a utopian state. When Gandhi presented his aspiration of Ram-Rajya, it was a sort of political arrangement leading to social happiness. But, the hypothesis of Ram-Rajya is better propagated in his and others’literary writings than in political ideas. So much so that political revolutionaries and leaders, when turned authors, they too brought the idea of utopian state, away from their own political module. The reason is that culture resides in literature. It has been projected, propagated and applied through writings right since the ancient days. Some writings are to reassert, others to instruct, still others to remind us of those wonders which lie about us every day. And then there are some which haunt by the very fact that their insights, dark and unsettling though they are, have been tested on the pulse and proven true. Oddly enough, there’s something in the measure of these lines, something in the dignity with which they state this elemental fact of nature that Literature is a powerful tool to project the larger design.

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Religious Extremism versus Extremes of Desacralisation: Rethinking the Status of Religious Education

Author(s): Abdurezak Abdulahi Hashi / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: intellectual extremism; religion; challenges; exposition

Religion has been part and parcel of human history and heritage. It has served as a useful companion to man in the journey of intellectual growth, which has in most of the cases, helped humanity to answer, in various forms, the basic questions of life. Though religion has been a useful companion to man, yet religious thought has never been without challenges. There have been instances in which religion is challenged by strong tendencies of secularism and the process desacralisation of politics, ethics and values, in which traditional territories of religion in life are rolled back. On the contrary, religious extremism has been another challenge of religious life, in which violent act were committed in the name of religion. Modern proponents of extreme secularism have equated religion to infantile and childish expressions of man which functions as obstacle to the scientific mind of man, therefore they say in the age of science; religion should disappear once for all. However, contemporary religious extremists exhibit the behavior of imposing their religious thoughts violently; they do so by demonize other religious faiths as well as ideologies and philosophies other than their own, and thus feel justified to use violent behavior against those who hold different beliefs and ideas. The question is, other than denying “the value of religion in life” or “demonizing other faiths”, can there be other intellectual positions towards religion? This paper uses analytical method to address common trends of intellectual extremism for or against religious education; be it in the form of secular or religious thought.

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The Power of Beliefs in Conventional Approach of Management Studies

Author(s): Nidhi Kaushal,Sanjit Mishra / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Belief; Custom; Management; Strategy; Wisdom;

Principles have a significant place in the civilization. These standards were deep-rooted in the psychological framework of mind. In India, these ordinary strategies set up by ancient people have been accepted and followed in today’s modern world of competition. We have focused this research paper on the lessons of management from usual customs. We interviewed vegetable vendors to learn management lessons from their life. Data have been taken from the smaller regions.We found that they have conventional values for management of their business.They have a strong vision and set of beliefs, which stand them with profit in terms of values rather than money in the modern competitive world. The hypothesis included that the conventional management followed by common people has its strong place in modern society. We have described the supremacy of traditional management in India and its implication upon the modern management concepts of profit maximization.

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Educational Management: Science or Art?

Author(s): Samuiel Balc / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: management; education; science; art; leadership;

At the present time, it is increasingly accepted that science is a systematic knowledge of the world that begins by observing and collecting data and continuing on the basis of accumulated experiences. An effective management will give life to theories by putting them into practice by knowing the specifics of the field of activity and its context. The cumulative organization of knowledge and experience has led to the origination and strengthening of science.A collection of figures, however, is not sufficient to say that a particular leader is conducting a scientific activity or that he masters the art of driving. There are people who know a lot of things, but when they relate to their peers, they do not have the art of communicating the principles learned from the study and the experience.Science begins in practice, but practice cannot ignore science. This article will highlight the fact that educational management is both science and art. It is emphasized that the effective development of the educational process must take into account both the scientific aspect and the art aspect

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Hostility and Controversies upon Recommending the Teaching of a Standard Variety via a Colloquial Variety at Primary School Level:

Author(s): Minouna Zitouni / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Speculations; Algerian Colloquial Arabic; The Darija; the Educational System; Algeria

In 2015, speculations have raised to debate recommendations suggested, among others, at the Algerian National Conference on the Evaluation and Implementation of School Reforms to recommend the teaching of Standard Arabic through Algerian Colloquial Arabic –Darija- at primary school level. Since independence, in 1962, Algeria has witnessed an Arabization policy whereby the Arabic language was imposed as the sole official and national language at political, economic and most importantly education level. The aim of this work is to shed the light on the pedagogical and socio-linguistic motives nourishing the possibility of implementing a vernacular variety– which has no morpho-syntactical and phonological representation - as a vehicle for knowledge transmission, literacy and education in the Algerian primary school level. Focus will also be put on highlighting emerging vectors of controversies and hostilities against the project that are deeply rooted in the historical, political and identity-based reality of the country.

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Cost-Benefit Analysis of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Fired Robots (AI-Bots) Replacing Educators

Author(s): Tejendra Kalia / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; AI-Bots; Sofia; ASIMO; Potential Savings

In 2016, Buckingham University’s Vice-Chancellor predicted that the educators will lose their traditional role in 10 years and effectively become little more than classroom assistants (2017, News.com.au. This is supported by the Georgia Institute of Technology’s Computer Science Professor “Ashok Goyal”, who has been using Jill Watson (AI-Bot) successfully since 2016 as a Teaching Assistant to help online students (2016, Hillary Lipko).Jokes cracking Sophia (AI-Bot) by Hanson Robotics of Hong Kong mimics human beings. She appeared at Austin in the 2016 Interactive Festival and in the same year became a citizen of Saudi Arabia (2016, Sean Martin). Apparently, AI-Bots have already demonstrated superior performance in many areas. This poses a threat to educators of being replaced by AI-Bots. However, AI-Bots are expensive. The cost of the most advanced AI-Bot “ASIMO” by Honda in 2016 was US$ 2.5 million(Hnoda.com). Most are afraid of being replaced by Robots. In 2017, Sophia urged, people in India, not to fear AI-Bots, but the 2017 Oxford University’s study estimated that 47% of all U.S. jobs could be replaced by AI-Bots within 20 years.This trend is confirmed by the findings of the Center for Business and EconomicResearch at Ball State University, which attributed 85% of the 5.6m manufacturing-job losses between 2000 to 2010 in the USA were due to technology.

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The Status and Role of Women in the Pasemah Tribe:

Author(s): Maila Dinia Husni Rahiem / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Status; Role; Women; Pasemah Tribe; South Sumatra; Indonesia; Violence Against Women

The National Commission on Women in Indonesia conveyed in its annual report that the number of incidents of violence against women continues to increase from year to year (Kompas, 2016). Sexual violence is one of the most prominent forms of violence, so it is said by some that Indonesia is currently in an emergency condition concerning sexual violence. Some famous cases reported in the media, among others, include the Yuyun junior high school girls in Bengkulu, who were raped and then killed by 14 drunk young men, all the perpetrators were under age; a woman was raped by 19 people and severely traumatized in Manado;and the most recent is the sad case of Eno in Tangerang, who was raped by her boyfriend, who then cruelly pierced a wooden handle into her vagina through toher lungs. Many activists, researchers, educators and other community members have advised including materials for the protection and empowerment of women through formal and in-school education in both families and communities. Most of our societies still regard women and children as weak human beings, who have no right to be protected, and can, therefore, be used as an outlet for resentment, anger and all forms of negative emotions.The National Commission on Women in Indonesia, conveyed in its annual report that the number of incidents of violence against women continues to increase from year to year (Kompas, 2016). Sexual violence is one of the most prominent forms of violence, so it is said by some that Indonesia is currently in an emergency condition concerning sexual violence. Some famous cases reported in the media, among others, include the Yuyun junior high school girls in Bengkulu, who were raped and then killed by 14 drunk young men, all the perpetrators were underage; a woman was raped by 19 people and severely traumatized in Manado; and the most recent is the sad case of Eno in Tangerang, who was raped by her boyfriend, who then cruelly pierced a wooden handle into her vagina through to her lungs. Many activists, researchers, educators and other community members have advised including materials for the protection and empowerment of women through formal and in-school education in both families and communities. Most of our societies still regard women and children as weak human beings, who have no right to be protected, and can, therefore, be used as an outlet for resentment, anger and all forms of negative emotions.

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A Critique on the Social Justice Perspectives in the Works of Friedrich A. Hayek

Author(s): Anusha Mahendran / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: social justice; economics; Friedrich Hayek

Given that the academic work of Friedrich Hayek has received eminent accolades (including the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics Sciences) and has been well recognized and widely referenced, this paper reviews the denial of the concept of social justice in many of the academic economic theory papers written by the renowned British-Austrian economist. The paper therefore effectively provides a critical analysis of some of Hayek’s socio-political and economic theories relating to this issue. It attempts to do this by adopting the perspective of an objective and analytical economist with reference to and by examining the content of three of Hayek’s well known economic texts, namely The Road to Serfdom (1944); Law, Legislation and Liberty (1973-79) and the Fatal Conceit Conceit: The Errors of Socialism (1988).

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Prospective Teachers’ Perceptions: A Critical Literacy Framework

Author(s): Lorenzo Cherubini / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Aboriginal students; critical literacy; education policy

The education of Aboriginal youth is, in some respects, in crisis. Aboriginal communities in Ontario (Canada) are as a group currently experiencing marginalization within the education system. As such it is imperative that efforts be made to better understand the system to improve the success rate for Aboriginal youth. The Ontario First Nation, Métis and Inuit Education Policy Framework (2007) has committed to “improve achievement among First Nation, Métis and Inuit students and to close the gap between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal students” (5).English and Language Arts teachers (K to 12) are compelled to consider how the policy discourse of the 2007 Aboriginal Policy Framework implicates upon the socio-political and socio-historical currency of literacy in their instruction. Consequently, this qualitative study examined one component of a large-scale project, in the tradition of grounded theory, including the implications of Aboriginal education policy discourse on literacy instruction as it applies to over 200 prospective teachers enrolled in a Teacher Education Program in Ontario, Canada. Participants identified two themes that they believed Aboriginal students would find most challenging, including: (i) tension with provincial curriculum and, (ii) feelings of misrepresentation.

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Is Linguistic Democracy Possible? English and Chinese at the Heart of the Subject

Author(s): Zoubida Sebane,Minouna Zitouni / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Language; dominating; dominated; power; hegemony

Does linguistic democracy exist or is it only a lull? Linguists and politicians believe that it has never existed, not even in countries where political democracy is a tribute to preserve. They rather believe there are only dominating and dominated languages.The dominating languages are explained by the number of people who speak a language. Presently, the US and China are respectively illustrative examples of dominance and dominating languages in the world. English ranks first in the top ten world’s most important languages and Chinese is gaining supremacy over many other languages. The dominating languages are hegemonic that means their use covers indoor and offshore territories. The dominated languages, therefore, are considered second-class languages, they are disregarded. This linguistic attitude has always prevailed in the world. The transfer of a dominant language to other people is considered to be a demonstration of power, traditionally, military power but also, in the modern world, economic power, and aspects of the dominant culture are usually transferred implicitly. The power of a country explains the extension of its language. English, Spanish, and Portuguese are the dominant languages of the Americas. In Africa, the languages of some of the colonizing powers like Great Britain, France and Portugal are more firmly entrenched than ever, as English is in several Asian countries. This study will concentrate on highlighting issues related to linguistic dominance which could help to clarify whether the winning of independence can lead to language recovery or not.

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The Gap Between Comfortable Membership and Genuine Discipleship Within the Church

Author(s): Samuiel Balc / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Church; discipleship; membership; Christian; maturity

According to the New Testament, the Church of Jesus Christ is a glorious church. Yet the glory of the Church has not always been fully reflected by the local Churches throughout history. Because of this, many churches are harshly criticized, they are considered irrelevant, obsolete, and are coldly rejected by many. Unfortunately, although there is no doubt that Holy Scripture is essential to spiritual growth, there are many believers who do not know even the most elementary biblical doctrines, although they have been members of the Church for years. There are many believers who are satisfied with a comfortable membership without being authentic disciples. The solution for the outcome of this state consists in a transformation of the Churches without changing the biblical message and without lowering the standards, the ideals, and without losing the purpose which is presented in the Sacred Scripture. To become mature Christians, authentic disciples, believers need biblical teaching to give them theological stability, need profound relationships to satisfy, and need to see people coming to Christ as a result of a personal testimony.

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The Impact of Culture and Intercultural Competence on the Performance of Students in Translation

Author(s): Magda Madkour / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: collaborative pedagogy; cultural translation; linguistics; social anthropology;

The 21st century witnessed the emergence of Translation Studies, which include linguistics, comparative literature, sociology, semiotics, and communication. Translation Studies is also an interdisciplinary field that deals with the study of the theory, the description and application of translation, and cultural translation. Cultural Translation, which encompasses postcolonial translation studies, cultural gaps, and cultural manipulation, requires training the students of translation in the areas of social anthropology to help them achieve cultural and intercultural competence. Therefore, the purpose of the current quasi-experimental study was to provide the students with new translation training to help them understand the role of culture in translation. Examining the relationship between translation, linguistics, education, and social anthropology showed a shift in the purpose of translation from transferring information into a task of transmitting culture. Such a shift necessitates training the students to acquire socio-cultural skills by engaging them in discussions and dialogues about the culture of the original texts. The current study was an attempt to help students perceive the relationship between translation and culture to understand that some texts, specifically literary texts, do not only involve mastering two languages syntactically and semantically, but they also require communicative skills to analyze the social anthropological aspects of the texts, including culture, religion, and ideological and political issues. Therefore, this study applied the recent collaborative pedagogy for translation, which is based on improving social and cultural skills, for providing the students with the strategies for enhancing their professional practices within a social-constructivist educational environment. Moreover, emphasizing the concept of cultural turn in the work of polysystems in translation, the significance of this study lies in analyzing a number of theories to examine the relationship between translation, linguistics, and social anthropology and their impact on students’ culture and intercultural competence.

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Prevention and Fight Against Harvest and Revenge Motivated Crimes

Author(s): Bogdan David / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: crimes; fighting offences; hatred; methods of combating;

Hate crimes are a serious concern in the world and the objective of approaching and combating discriminatory motivated crimes is pursued at international level as well as at national level in many countries that have adopted specific and strategic actions and/or policies. “Hate crimes” is a generic term that refers to all those offences committed by the offender on the ground of discriminatory motivation. We want to draw the attention to the fact that hate crimes based on religious criteria (but not only) are a very sensitive matter and the evidence of this lies, for example, in the terrorist actions of certain Islamic groups that have detonated a bomb in the editorial of a magazine that had published a caricature of an Islamic prophet, in Paris on 7th of January 2015. We believe that the religious affiliations of every nation must be respected, but it is inconceivable that terrorist attacks should occur as a reaction to disapproval of certain inadequate attitudes of the press.

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Stages of Research in the Field of Road Accidents

Author(s): Lucia Cerasela Balan / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: impact; photo; road accident; traces;

Like any on-the-spot investigation, which also applies to criminal offenses, and in the case of the on-site investigation where the road accident occurred, we distinguish two stages: the static and the dynamic stages. With the examination of the place of the deed, especially in this situation, there is an interpenetration between the static phase and the dynamic phase, the methods specific to each phase are often performed at the same time. The intersection of the two phases is the consequence of the many situations that can be found in the road accident, such as: both the vehicle and the driver have remained on site or have recovered; the vehicle is abandoned by the driver on site; the driver responsible for the road accident has left the scene of the accident with the vehicle; the driver left the accident site by abandoning the vehicle involved; the victim leaves the scene of the accident.

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Weapon-Carrying among High School Students: A Predictive Model Using Machine Learning

Author(s): Yiran Fan / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Weapon; High School; Students;

This study is aimed at 1) identifying the predictors for weapon-carrying on school properties; 2) build a predictive model for parents, educators, and pediatricians for early intervention. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) 2017 data were used for this study. Logistic regression model is used to calculate the predicted risk. Logistic regression is a part of a category of statistical models called generalized linear models, and it allows one to predict a discrete outcome from a set of variables that may be continuous, discrete, dichotomous, or a combination of these. Typically, the dependent variable is dichotomous and the independent variables are either categorical or continuous. The data is run through R program. The outcome variable is weapon-carrying based Q13 (During the past 30 days, on how many days did you carry a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on school property?) The result identified several important predictors for carrying weapon on school properties, such as gender, alcohol use, and smoking age. This provided important information for the educators and parents for early intervention and alleviating the negative effects of weapon-carrying among teenagers.

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Understanding the Family Role in Shaping a Broken Identity

Author(s): Sara Sharifi Yazdi / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: feelings of failure; broken identity; family; rejection; failure

The family plays a highlighted role in the formation of positive and negative emotions in individuals. Previous studies had described the role of the family in shaping a broken identity, so having this in mind, we were trying to study the family role in the formation of feelings of failure. Participants were selected based on three criteria: clients' claim, therapist's diagnosis, and failure emotion test. Interviews went on to get to theoretical saturation (65 people). The subjects of the study were purposefully selected (using quota sampling) from psychology clinics in 5 regions of Tehran. Subjects were selected from 25 to 45-year-old individuals. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and thematic analysis was used to interpret and analyze the data. Findings indicate that families have a reinforcing and causal role in the experiences of failure, the family tries to control the individual by imposing mental and objective restrictions, using mechanisms such as intimidation, humiliation, analogy, giving privileges, rejection, labeling, guilt, or fear induction. On the other hand, some families seize opportunities for the development of children (especially women) by instilling traditional beliefs, leading to the formation of a broken identity in the individual. Extreme rejection and control by family members breed feelings of hopelessness, alienation, and abandonment, and failure in general. Some of the strategies used by these individuals are family avoidance, immigration, scheming, self-blaming, rumination, regret, and anger.

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Turkey’s dream of a hub. Ankara’s wartime gas policy

Turecki sen o hubie. Polityka gazowa Ankary w czasie wojny

Author(s): Agata Loskot-Strachota,Adam Michalski / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Russia; Turkey

Natural gas plays a key role in Turkey’s economy and energy sector, with the country’s gas consumption growing in recent years. At the same time, Turkey is fully dependent on imports of this resource, including large quantities from Russia. However, for years it has been implementing a policy of diversification, which has brought tangible results. Along this, it has been expanding its import infrastructure to diversify its gas supply sources and routes, for example by opening more LNG terminals; or by trying to start production of its own gas while curbing domestic consumption.

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Artificial News Popularity Detection Based on Telegram Channels in Azerbaijan

Author(s): Davud RUSTAMOV,Jalal RASULZADE,Shamsaddin HUSEYNOV / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: machine learning; natural language processing; popularity detection; telegram; text classification;

With the exponential growth of digital media, readers face a daunting task of sifting through vast amounts of information to identify important news. This problem is especially critical for media professionals, journalists, and news agencies who need to quickly filter news articles to identify relevant and significant stories. Machine learning models offer a promising solution by automatically classifying news articles based on their significance. In this paper, we propose novel machine learning models for news significance detection, leveraging state-of-the-art deep learning architectures and a dataset of news articles. We evaluate our models using a variety of performance metrics and demonstrate their effectiveness compared to existing methods. Our proposed approach has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of news selection, benefiting both media professionals and readers alike. Furthermore, it can be beneficial to forecast the popularity of fake news and prevent its dissemination in society. Approximately, 2800 Azerbaijani news articles have been collected from telegram and labeled as popular or unpopular according to statistical calculation results. For news popularity detection, application of SVM, Random Forest and Neural network models and their results have been discussed in this paper.

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Search results for: rais aug 2023 in All Content

How Efficient is to Judge By Standards in a Civil Law Country? A Law and Economics Approach on Brazilian’s Precedent System

Social Media and Freedom of Thought

Utopian State, Concept and Need of RamRajya: A literary Study

Religious Extremism versus Extremes of Desacralisation: Rethinking the Status of Religious Education

The Power of Beliefs in Conventional Approach of Management Studies

Educational Management: Science or Art?

Hostility and Controversies upon Recommending the Teaching of a Standard Variety via a Colloquial Variety at Primary School Level:

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Fired Robots (AI-Bots) Replacing Educators

The Status and Role of Women in the Pasemah Tribe:

A Critique on the Social Justice Perspectives in the Works of Friedrich A. Hayek

Prospective Teachers’ Perceptions: A Critical Literacy Framework

Is Linguistic Democracy Possible? English and Chinese at the Heart of the Subject

The Gap Between Comfortable Membership and Genuine Discipleship Within the Church

The Impact of Culture and Intercultural Competence on the Performance of Students in Translation

Prevention and Fight Against Harvest and Revenge Motivated Crimes

Stages of Research in the Field of Road Accidents

Weapon-Carrying among High School Students: A Predictive Model Using Machine Learning

Understanding the Family Role in Shaping a Broken Identity

Turecki sen o hubie. Polityka gazowa Ankary w czasie wojny

Artificial News Popularity Detection Based on Telegram Channels in Azerbaijan