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THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT IN RELATION TO RESILIENCY AND POSITIVE ORIENTATION

ZWIĄZEK MIĘDZY MEDIACYJNĄ ROLĄ SPOSTRZEGANEGO WSPARCIA SPOŁECZNEGO A SPRĘŻYSTOŚCIĄ PSYCHICZNĄ I ORIENTACJĄ POZYTYWNĄ

Author(s): Sebastian Skalski / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 3/2019

Keywords: social support; resiliency; resilience; positive orientation; perceived social support

Introducion. Positive orientation is a latent variable of higher order indicated by components: optimism, self-esteem and life satisfaction. The aim of the presented study was to look for relationships between resiliency, perceived social support, and positive orientation. Material and methods. 211 people (110 women and 101 men) took part in the research. The following tools were used: Ego Resiliency Scale, The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Positive Orientation Scale. Results. Positive orientation correlated with resiliency and perceived social support. Perceived social support acts as a mediator in the relationship between resiliency and positive orientation. Conclusions. Resiliency and the perceived social support favour positive orientation.

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IMAGES AND WORDS WITH A BACKGROUND STORY. A FEW CRITICAL REMARKS ABOUT THE POLISH TRANSLATION OF THE GRAPHIC NOVEL “KINDERLAND”

OBRAZY I SŁOWA Z HISTORIĄ W TLE. KILKA UWAG KRYTYCZNYCH O POLSKIM PRZEKŁADZIE POWIEŚCI GRAFICZNEJ „KINDERLAND”

Author(s): Katarzyna Tymoszuk / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 3/2019

Keywords: comic translation; graphic novel; onomatopoeia; typography; translation strategies

This article presents the results of a critical translational analysis of the translation of the German graphic novel “Kinderland” by Grzegorz Janusz into Polish. The necessary background for analytical considerations is provided by: a brief outline of the reception of the comic; its most important features from a perspective of a translator; the characteristics of graphic novel as one of the types of comic book narrative; which is represented by “Kinderland”. Later in the article; translation problems will be presented; both in the visual and linguistic layers of selected fragments of the comic. Also; the translation solutions used by the Polish translator will become the subject of the author’s critical considerations.

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ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF TEACHING PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN TO READ

ALTERNATYWNE METODY NAUKI CZYTANIA DZIECI W WIEKU PRZEDSZKOLNYM

Author(s): Joanna Waszczuk / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 3/2019

Keywords: alternative methods of teaching to read; pre-school education teacher; pre-school children

In recent years many new conceptions of teaching how to read appeared in Poland, which are conventionally called “methods”. The best known of them include: the Good Start Method by M. Bogdanowicz, the simultaneous-sequential method of teaching to read by J. Cieszyńska, the phonetic-literal-coloured method by B. Rocławski, or the alliance of methods by E. Arciszewska. The presented alternative methods give the opportunity to conduct teaching in the way that is “imperceptible” by a child and which he or she perceives as fun or pursuit , rather than burden.. The implementation of the above-mentioned conception of teaching to read at the stage of kindergarten aims at preparing a child to start education at primary school. It is the teachers who are responsible for this important task. Hence, it was decided to analyse the knowledge of alternative methods of teaching to read among the teachers of pre-school education: if and which of these methods are applied by them in practice? Is there a need to seek or to use new, innovative ways of teaching pre-school children to read? It is a crucial question for both education theorists and teaching practitioners who have long been looking for the most effective and optimal method preparing pre-school children to start teaching to read at primary school. A diagnostic survey method was used in the research, and the technique was a questionnaire. The results of the conducted research allowed to indicate the alternative methods of teaching to read, known and used among the teachers of pre-school education. Unfortunately, summarizing the above considerations implies that ground-breaking educational solutions, thought appearing at the level of pre-school education—are not present in a insufficient degree.

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ANXIETY OF WRITING AND DEVELOPING WRITING SKILLS ON FRENCH LESSONS AS THE SECOND FOREIGN LANGUAGE

LĘK PRZED PISANIEM A KSZTAŁCENIE SPRAWNOŚCI PISANIA NA LEKCJACH JĘZYKA FRANCUSKIEGO JAKO DRUGIEGO JĘZYKA OBCEGO

Author(s): Ewa Półtorak / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 3/2019

Keywords: difficulties in learning foreign languages; language fear; fear of writing; learning foreign languages; process of teaching-learning second foreign language

In this article, a reflection on one of the often occurring difficulties in learning foreign languages, which is the fear of writing, will be proposed. The author presents a given research problem in the context of the process of teaching-learning French as the second foreign language by adults. In order to collect the research corps, a Polish-language version of the questionnaire regarding anxiety of writing by Cheng (2004) - Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI) will be applied further to the analysis of personal opinions of research participants of the issues taken up.

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PARENTS’ OPINION ON SCHOOL READINESS OF CHILDREN FOR READING AND WRITING - EXAMPLES OF PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE

OPINIA RODZICÓW O GOTOWOŚCI SZKOLNEJ DZIECI W ZAKRESIE CZYTANIA I PISANIA – PRZYKŁADY Z PRAKTYKI PEDAGOGICZNEJ

Author(s): Stanisława Nazaruk,Joanna Marchel / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 3/2019

Keywords: child; parents; kindergarten; reading and writing skills; school readiness

Preschool education is considered to be a key factor in preparing children for the commencement of school education. However, the recognition of the crucial role of this kind of education has been accompanied by discussions on how to organize preschool education so that, on the one hand, it reflects current trends in education and upbringing and, on the other hand, helps children to acquire a compendium of basic skills necessary for future school education. Apart from scientific discussions on the role of preschool education, the evaluation and parents’ expectations with regard to this first stage of education are of equal importance. Identifying parents’ opinion on how preschools fulfill their fundamental responsibility for preparing children to achieve school readiness for reading and writing led to the performance of a survey among parents of preschool children. The research was conducted among parents of children from selected preschools in the town and municipality of Biała Podlaska, Lublin province. The research method of a diagnostic survey, with the use of a questionnaire, was employed. The results made it possible to learn the opinion of the surveyed group of parents with respect to the objective pursued. The research confirmed that, on the one hand, parents are positive about the work of preschool and didactic activities of teachers who, while implementing the Core curriculum for preschool education, take due account of all required skills. The parents, at the same time, expect preschools to lay even greater emphasis on teaching reading and writing to children. Those skills are considered by parents to be especially important in further school education. The research results also reveal that almost all parents work with their children at home on improving the skills.

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SOCIAL SUPPORT AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR OF UPPER-SECONDARY YOUTH WITH REGARD TO THEIR PLACE OF RESIDENCE AND THE TYPE OF SCHOOL THE EXAMINED YOUTH ATTENDED

WSPARCIE SPOŁECZNE A ZACHOWANIA AGRESYWNE MŁODZIEŻY PONADGIMNAZJALNEJ Z UWZGLĘDNIENIEM MIEJSCA ZAMIESZKANIA ORAZ RODZAJU SZKOŁY, DO KTÓREJ UCZĘSZCZAŁA BADANA MŁODZIEŻ

Author(s): Anna Ławnik,Elżbieta Szlenk-Czyczerska / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 3/2019

Keywords: aggression; observed social support; youth

Introduction. Social support occurs when one can count on the help resulting from prosocial behaviour of another person or a group. It is always valid and everybody will most probably need it someday. Aggression is deliberate causing harm to a person who is in fear and is trying to avoid pain and suffering. It can be a mean to a quick achievement of a temporary goal, however, in consequence, it ruins relationships with other people. Material and methods. The research was conducted among students of upper-secondary schools from the Biala Podlaska poviat in the Lubelskie voivodeship. The research used the technique of an auditory survey supervised by the author of this paper. Results. Obtained results of the research showed the need for social support among youth. Conclusions. 1. Aggression of village youth was related to broadly defined social support. 2. Social support in general had significant influence on the aggression of the city youth. 3. Supporting the self-esteem and social support in general influenced the overall aggression of the students of vocational schools. 4. The overall result of the aggression of high school students was not related in a significant manner to any of the researched components of social support.

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POLISH CATHOLIC PEDAGOGUES’ APPROACH TO REQUIRED READINGS FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY AND NOWADAYS IN THE LIGHT OF SELECTED SUBJECT LITERATURE

POLSCY PEDAGODZY KATOLICCY O LEKTURACH DLA DZIECI I MŁODZIEŻY W XX WIEKU I WSPÓŁCZEŚNIE W ŚWIETLE WYBRANEJ LITERATURY PRZEDMIOTU

Author(s): Ryszard Polak / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 4/2019

Keywords: Polish pedagogues; reading; morality; education; children; young people

The article presents an analysis of the selected works created by the Polish catholic pedagogues from the XX century, whereby the issue of readership among children and the youth was tackled. Catholic pedagogues treated the issues related to recommending good literature for children by adults with great priority. Materials and methods. Source literature and elaborations devoted to the matter of bringing up children and the youth by means of literature was applied. Results. Polish authors underlined the fact that the natural tendency of many children to spend their time reading should be supervised by adults – in family homes by parents and guardians, whilst at school – by teachers and pedagogues. Conclusions. In light of the analyses carried out by the catholic pedagogues not every book is appropriate for children and the youth due to various causes. Certain books, for instance, contain morally perverting contents as well as – occurring rather frequently – their contents are not adopted to the reader’s age due to the fact that the book’s author uses vague for a child, too abstract or polysemic words.

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FAMILY AND SCHOOL IN THEIR SHARED RESPONSIBILITY FOR VALUES EDUCATION

RODZINA I SZKOŁA WE WSPÓLNEJ ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI ZA WYCHOWANIE DO WARTOŚCI

Author(s): Iwona Szewczak / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 4/2019

Keywords: educational environment; school; family; values

The article deals with the problem of values education realized by the family and the school. Values education is understood as shaping an axiological orientation, and it appears to be a particularly difficult task in today’s pluralistic society – yet it is not impossible. The task may be facilitated when the family and the school are aware of their share in responsibility for the education, and when this awareness leads to their rational cooperation. Of significance is also that the particular protagonists in the system of shared educational influence carry out their duties responsibly. The family realizes its educational share through educating for religious, philosophical and moral values, while the school educates for basic values. The article juxtaposes the ideal of cooperation between the family and the school, as emerging from the legislation on education against the actual status quo of this cooperation in contemporary education.

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UNETHICAL DIMENSION OF CORRUPTION

NIEETYCZNY WYMIAR KORUPCJI

Author(s): Karolina Pięta / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 4/2019

Keywords: corruption; clientelism; bribery; favoritism; nepotism

In the article on the problem of corruption, which have become a global phenomenon over the years. Attention was paid to its unethical dimension, arguments and threats as well as corruption according to John Paul II and Catholic Social Teaching. Material and methods. Browse literature and various articles on corruption. Results. The development of corruption and the constant use of the state budget to realize its own benefits. The use of corruption from nepotism, clientelism to bribery. The impact of corruption on the destruction of social fabric and the destruction of the individual. Conclusions. Corruption from a sociological point of view belongs to mechanisms degrading the moral fabric of society. It violates social trust and reduces the resources of social capital, which negatively affects the functioning of society, development and the quality of social life of individuals. Corruption, due to its unethical dimension, also affects the devastation of moral principles.

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CHILDREN’S CRITICAL READING SKILLS. BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE

DZIECIĘCA UMIEJĘTNOŚĆ KRYTYCZNEGO CZYTANIA. MIĘDZY TEORIA A PRAKTYKĄ

Author(s): Patrycja Brudzińska / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 4/2019

Keywords: early childhood education; PIRLS; critical reading; Four resources Model; Freebody & Luke; literacy education

The paper presents the theoretical findings regarding children’s critical reading skills. The articlecle also presents the Four Resources Model (Peter Freebody, Allan Luke) as a proposal to work with the text as part of critical literacy. Referring to the results of international research on progress in reading PIRLS, it reveals dilemmas related to the teaching of critical reading of the youngest recipients of literary content. Material and methods. The article uses the analysis of documents concerning the level of reading skills, learning critical reading and the four resources model four resources Results. The text presents the results of international PIRLS 2016 reading progress research and the theoretical findings regarding the critical reading model by Freebody and Luke. Conclusions. Today’s education can not ignore the critical literacy of children who are recipients of not only verbal but also (and perhaps above all) visual content.

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MEANING OF CORRECT COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TEACHER AND PUPIL TO BUILD SUBJECTIVE RELATIONSHIP

ZNACZENIE POPRAWNEJ KOMUNIKACJI POMIĘDZY NAUCZYCIELEM I UCZNIEMDLA BUDOWANIA PODMIOTOWEJ RELACJI

Author(s): Kamila Farbiszewska-Arent / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 4/2019

Keywords: subjectivity; communication; interpersonal relationship; teacher; pupil

Correct communication between teacher and students can solve problems such as lack of discipline and motivation and can positively influence both didactic and behavioral progress. Efficient and effective communication is the most important interpersonal factor. Communication is sending a certain code by sender and receiving the code by a receiver. In order to communicate successfully teacher must adjust unacceptable language into acceptable one for pupil. Right communication gives to a teacher ability of creating subjective relationship, based on mutual respect and understanding. Subjectivity of relations has even higher meaning as a practical factor than theoretical one. It is a field of study cooperating with other social studies such as psychology and sociology. A very important element of school or class society is subjectivity of a pupil, which gives him a right to take an initiative, to be a part in decision making process as well as responsibility. It also allows him to feel personal fulfillment of a student. Thanks to that a child can normally function at school and peer environment.

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OCCUPATIONS RELATED TO THE SPHERE OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN THE FOSTER CARE SYSTEM – BARRIERS IN THEIR FUNCTIONING

ZAWODY ZWIĄZANE ZE SFERĄ USŁUG SOCJALNYCH W SYSTEMIE PIECZY ZASTĘPCZEJ – BARIERY W ICH FUNKCJONOWANIU

Author(s): Magdalena Zmysłowska / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 4/2019

Keywords: foster care system; coordinator of family foster care; family assistant; foster families

The article concerns the problems of professions related to the sphere of social services in the foster care system. The Act on family support and foster care system of June 9, 2011 introduced changes designed to improve family support in overcoming difficulties, introducing new professions: a family assistant tasked with helping families experiencing difficulties in completing his functions and coordinator of family foster care, appointed to support foster families and family children’s homes. The analysis of the research shows that the functioning of these professions encounters numerous barriers resulting from both the organization of the social assistance system and direct work with families. Material and methods. Analysis of literature on the profession of a family assistant, coordinator of family foster care and foster families. Results. Barriers result from the organization of the social assistance system and direct work with families. Conclusions. Improving cooperation between social institutions and foster families or family children`s homes.

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METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH ON OLDER CONSUMERS – A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

METODYKA BADAŃ NAD STARSZYMI KONSUMENTAMI – SYSTEMATYCZNY PRZEGLĄD LITERATURY

Author(s): Katarzyna Bałandynowicz-Panfil / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 4/2019

Keywords: aging population; elderly person; older consumer; consumer behavior; systematic review of literature

Purpuse of the work: The aging process of society changes social relations. Dynamic demographic changes lead to a significant increase in researchers’ interest in particular areas of seniors’ lives, including the consumption of older people. The aim of the study is to systematize current researches on older consumers. Material and methods: The method used is a systematic review of literature. The subject of the research were scientific articles concerning older consumers, published by Polish authors. In order to select the object of research, the Google Scholar database was used. In addition, a comparison with “the snowball method” was completed. Finally, 94 scientific publications were accepted from the database with 1,900 views. Results: The analysis of attendance in two areas: applied research methods and research problems, allowed to verify the hypotheses that were set, in particular: interdisciplinary approach to the issue of older consumers; preferring specific research directions; no repeatability of studies. Conclusions: Scientific publications on older consumers in Poland are on the early development of research stage, in particular, their insufficient cumulativeness, repeatability and comparability.

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THE PERCEPTION OF, AND RESPECT FOR, PRISONERS’ DIGNITY AMONG PRISON SERVICE OFFICERS

POSTRZEGANIE I RESPEKTOWANIE GODNOŚCI WIĘŹNIÓW PRZEZ FUNKCJONARIUSZY SŁUŻBY WIĘZIENNEJ

Author(s): Katarzyna Lenart-Kłoś / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 4/2019

Keywords: dignity; Prison Service; prison system; prisoners

Purpose of the work. The purpose of this article is to identify the attitudes of Prison Service officers towards the dignity of imprisoned people, and in particular to explore the correlations between selected determinants, such as gender, department, professional experience, religiosity, and marital status, and the perception of the dignity of prisoners, and their implications. Research material and methods. This study was conducted between 2014 and 2015 among 475 Prison Service officers working in direct contact with prisoners. The study had the form of a group-administered questionnaire and was carried out in Prison Service training centres. Results. Officers who worked in the Security Department, had longer professional experience, and were less religious, perceived prisoners as inferior to people living outside prison. Rehabilitation officers were more likely than Security Department officers to address prisoners using “sir/ madam”, and more senior ones were more likely to be on first name terms with prisoners. Respondents who were in a relationship and were practising believers were more likely to risk their lives to defend prisoners. Conclusions. The socio-demographic characteristics that determined how Prison Service officers perceived prisoners and their dignity included the department in which they worked, their professional experience, marital status and religiosity. No significant differences were found between genders.

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AUTHORITY IN MOTIVATION OF ADOLESCENTS’ BEHAVIOR AND DEVELOPOMENT OF LEISURE TIME

AUTORYTET W MOTYWOWANIU ZACHOWAŃ I ZAGOSPODAROWANIU CZASU WOLNEGO MŁODZIEŻY

Author(s): Zbigniew Wójcik / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: leisure time; children; youth

Man should learn to spend his free time rationally. It is particularly important that its development is associated with active forms of broadly understood utility culture. Basic skills should be taken from the family environment to be able to develop and consolidate in the education process on this basis. In Polish pedagogical thought, many researchers have dealt with the combined issue, and the attention - it seems - deserves the attention of: Ryszard Wroczyński, and Sergey Hessen. Bogdan Suchodolski and Bogdan Nawroczyński. In many search studies you can go out, social and health values of rational free time management.

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A SCHOOLCHILD WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES IN THE OPINION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS

DZIECKO SZKOLNE Z CUKRZYCĄ TYPU 1 W OPINII STUDENTÓW WYCHOWANIA FIZYCZNEGO

Author(s): Anna Ławnik,Zofia Kubińska,Anna Pańczuk / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: type 1 diabetes; child; school; physical education students

Introduction: The aim of the research was to examine the knowledge of physical education students about: type 1 diabetes, the situation of a child with type 1 diabetes in school, participation of a child with type 1 diabetes in physical education classes,the duties of a physical education teacher towards a student with diabetes. Material and method. The research was carried out in 2018 among 92 physical education students graduating from Physical Education Academy in Biała Podlaska. A proprietary questionnaire was used. Results. The data presents the knowledge of the respondents on the subjects related to a student with type 1 diabetes. Conclusions. The knowledge of respondents about type 1 diabetes is insufficient. Most respondents know the situation and needs of an ill child at school. The belief that a child with diabetes can participate in physical education classes was declared by less than half of the students. The respondents believe that a physical education teacher should be able to diagnose conditions that threaten the health of a student with diabetes and provide assistance and encourage him to participate systematically in physical education classes.

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RELIGIOUSNESS AND CULTURAL COMPETENCES AMONG NURSES IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL CHANGES

RELIGIJNOŚĆ A KOMPETENCJE KULTUROWE PIELĘGNIAREK W KONTEKŚCIE PRZEOBRAŻEŃ SPOŁECZNYCH

Author(s): Jadwiga Małgorzata Bąk,Barbara Niedorys,Agnieszka Chrzan-Rodak,Krzysztof Jurek,Danuta Zarzycka,Barbara Ślusarka / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: religiousness; cultural competences; nursing; transcultural care; the NCCS scale

Purpose of the work. The main objective is to search for a correlations between spiritual traits of nurses and cultural competences Material and methods. The study was conducted on the group of 238 nurses with the validated NCCS scale conceived by Perng S. and Watson R., and Your Religiousness scale by Socha P. Results. Research with using of the P-NCCS scale showed an average level of cultural competence of nurses. The lowest results were observed in the Cultural Sensitivity Scale (M=29.83). Among the studied group, the highest intensity of religious orientation was in the subscale of Seeking Religious Orientation (M=35.90). It has been observed that the bigger the efficients of External Religion Orientation and Seeking Religion Orientation, the higher the levels of cultural competences. Conclusions. The results of the study show that more religious nurses obtained higher scores in the cultural competence scale, and that prior contact with a patient from a different culture aids to build cultural competences.

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AGRITOURISM IN THE BUG VALLEY IN THE MASOVIAN VOIVODESHIP

AGROTURYSTYKA W DOLINIE BUGU NA TERENIE WOJEWÓDZTWA MAZOWIECKIEGO

Author(s): Katarzyna Radwańska,Dominik Dąbrowski,Janusz Leszek Sokół / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: agritourism; agritourism farms; Masovian Voivodeship; Bug valley

The paper presents forms of recreation undertaken in the rural areas of the Bug River communes of the Mazowieckie Voivodeship, as well as barriers and factors that favor agritourism and ecotourism activities. The research, using the diagnostic survey method, was conducted in 2018 in communes located in the Bug River Valley, located in the Masovian Voivodeship. There were 36 owners of agritourism farms whose holdings were considered conventional or organic, or were in the transition from conventional to organic production. Studies have shown that tourists the most frequently chosen form of leisure activities: hiking, biking and walking, while the least often: engaging in farm work. The factors having the greatest impact on the development of rural tourism in the Bug River Valley are natural values, peace and tranquility prevailing in the area. The biggest barriers are the fear of investing, lack of own financial resources and difficult access to aid funds.

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THERAPY OF MOTHERS RAISING CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY

TERAPIA MATEK WYCHOWUJĄCYCH DZIECI Z NIEPEŁNOSPRAWNOŚCIĄ INTELEKTUALNĄ

Author(s): Marcin Białas / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 2/2020

Keywords: therapy; stress; child with intellectual disability; mother

The aim of the study is to indicate the threat of permanent stress experienced by mothers raising children with intellectual disabilities. Mothers raising children with intellectual disabilities should receive therapy.

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MEDICAL STUDENTS’ HEALTH BEHAVIORS

ZACHOWANIA ZDROWOTNE STUDENTÓW KIERUNKÓW MEDYCZNYCH

Author(s): Zuzanna Radosz,Paula Tomaszewska-Kumela,Małgorzata Paplaczyk,Magdalena Gruszczyńska / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 2/2020

Keywords: health behavior; students; lifestyle

Introduction. The aim of the study is to analyze the health behaviors of medical students Materials and methods. The research was carried out among 290 students of three fields of study: 90 obstetrics students, 99 physiotherapy students and 101 nursing students. The diagnostic survey method was used, with such tools as: a self-made questionnaire and diagnostic scales (SES by M. Rosenberg and IZZ Z. Jurczyński). Results. Regardless of the field of study, most respondents lead an averagely healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle is most common among physiotherapy students (32.3%) and the unhealthy among nursing students (8.9%). As demonstrated by the Chi-2 test, there is a statistically significant correlation between the field of study and lifestyle. Regardless of the field of study, the greatest number of respondents assess their fitness level as average. Many more physiotherapy students (37.4%) than obstetrics (11.1%) and nursing (14.9%) students are characterized by high physical fitness. Conclusions. The surveyed student leads an averagely healthy lifestyle. The largest group leading a healthy lifestyle are physiotherapy students (32.3%). In turn, an unhealthy lifestyle can be recorded in 8.9% of nursing students.

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