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Matter, Body, Visuality: Towards a Better Understanding of Writing

Materia, ciało, wizualność czyli jak lepiej zrozumieć pisanie

Author(s): Marta Rakoczy / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2015

Keywords: calligraphy; body; visuality; literacy practice

Rakoczy questions the definition of writing as a sort of linguistic symbolism related to the idea of ‘expressing thoughts’ and ‘communication’ through words. Based on Western calligraphic practices, her analysis suggests that the bodily, material and visual aspects of writing also shape its cultural significance. Their role often remains implicit, which determines the functioning of writing and its cultural specificity.

Professor Erazm Kuźma (3 April 1926 – 21 March 2014): Towards an Unfinished Portrait

Profesor Erazm Kuźma (3 IV 1926 – 21 III 2014). Szkic do portretu nieukończonego

Author(s): Piotr Michałowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2015

The Sound of Nature and the Art of Sound: Concepts of Representation in Phonography

Dźwięki natury a sztuka dźwięku. O rozumieniu reprezentacji w fonografii

Author(s): Justyna Tuszyńska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2015

Keywords: representation; musique concrète; Pierre Schaeffer; reference; open-air recording; phonography

Tuszyńska confronts two seemingly distant notions, namely representation as an aesthetic category, and one type of phonography, namely musique concrète and the technology of open-air recording that goes with it. Thus she highlights a question that has been overlooked by theorists of representation as well as by musicologists. By confronting Michał Paweł Markowski’s models of representation with Pierre Schaeffer’s theory of musique concrète, Tuscyńska points to problems in representation that do not appear when we apply this concept to other artistic forms. This problem provides an impetus to examine musique concrète from a non-musicological perspective.

The Non-Oneiric Convention of Dream Literature: Lucid Dreaming and Post-Realism in Adam Wiedemann’s Sceny łóżkowe [Bedroom Scenes]

Nieoniryczna konwencja „literatury snu”. Lucid dreaming i postrealizm w Scenach łóżkowych Adama Wiedemanna

Author(s): Tomasz Dalasiński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2016

Keywords: lucid dream; post-realism; representation; construction; literary convention

This article concerns the transposition of lucid dream (LD) from the field of ‘sleep psychology,’ onto literary practice. Adam Wiedemann’s short story collection Sceny łóżkowe [Bedroom Scenes] serve Dalasiński as a literary case study that allows him to demonstrate that within the ‘dream literature,’ LD is an autonomous convention based on non-oneiric post-realism. The distinctive features of this convention are anti-mimetism, linguistic representation, surfiction and the creativity of reality (defined in a constructivist way).

Undead Memory: Reading Kazimierz Wyka in Poland in 2016

Pamięć nieumarła. Czytając Kazimierza Wykę w Polsce roku 2016

Author(s): Joanna Tokarska-Bakir / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 6/2016

Keywords: undead; memory propaganda; fascist culture; Jameson’s critical history; manipulated memory; memory of the Kielce pogrom of 4 July 1946

In Western Europe, memory studies are marked by an effort to give voice to those silenced by dominant narratives. In Poland, meanwhile, the current ‘memory turn’ openly flirts with post-truth and paves the way for a new hegemony. This way of framing memory takes advantage of the poststructuralist humanities’ defenceless position, and it gradually appropriates its tools and yokes them to the rhetoric of propaganda. The new project of collective memory breaks with Ricœur’s triad of blocked memory – memory of repetition – obligated memory. It privileges blockage and repetition as modes of commemorating (‘undead memory’ – a paradoxical posthumanist realization of the category of the undead). Tokarska-Bakir demonstrates this tendency in a case study on the development of public discourse on the Kielce pogrom of 1946.

Game Dynamics: Definitions and Analysis

Dynamiki w grach – definicje i wykorzystanie w analizie

Author(s): Marcin Petrowicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2017

Keywords: game design; game research; game dynamics; game mechanics;

A game can be described as a static set of rules and mechanics. However, it is not enough to capture the emergent properties of the interaction between individual elements of the system. Interacting mechanics form an interaction loop called ‘game dynamic’. Even though this concept is recognized, it is rarely used in game studies – partly due to the lack of a clear definition. Petrowicz proposes a clarified definition of the term game dynamic, based on its current use in the fields of game design (MDA framework – Hunicke, LeBlanc, Zubek) and game studies (Games without frontiers – Aki Järvinen). He then uses it to analyse the time dynamics of Fallout Shelter.

Gradiva non vixit, Or: Living with Ghosts

Gradiva non vixit albo życie z duchami

Author(s): Adam Lipszyc / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2017

Keywords: Jacques Derrida; Sigmund Freud; spectre; dream; life; anachronism;

Lipszyc’s point of departure is a philosophy of life as an element inexorably marked by the spectral and anachronistic. Adopting Jacques Derrida’s point of view as outlined in Spectres of Marx, Lipszyc presents a detailed analysis of two texts by Sigmund Freud: The Interpretation of Dreams as well as his essay on Wilhelm Jensen’s Gradivia. Lipszyc demonstrates that a careful reading reveals the inconsistency between Freud’s apparent intentions – his stated goal is to rid life of spectres – and the actual logic of his texts, which tend towards a full and outstandingly interesting spectral philosophy of life. Similarly, the psychoanalytical exorcist is in competition with the writer who seems to accept life with its ghosts.

“Białoszewski’s Lesson” by Zbigniew Herbert, or: The Relationship between Semantics and Ethics

Herberta Lekcja Białoszewskiego – czyli o związkach semantyki z etyką

Author(s): Agnieszka Kluba / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2017

Keywords: Zbigniew Herbert; Zbigniew Herbert’s archive; Miron Białoszewski; manuscript; poetry; essay; language; semantics; ethics; irony; pathos; moralism; barbarization;

Kluba presents the transcript of “Białoszewski’s Lesson,” a hitherto unknown poem by Zbigniew Herbert. Key to understanding this work – a draft of which survives in the poet’s archive – is the relationship between semantics and ethics. Kluba reads “Białoszewski’s Lesson” as a unique reflection on the poet’s duties and powers in a situation that Herbert diagnoses as a state of “semantic collapse”. The poem is part of Herbert’s opposition to this state, which marks his essays in the 1990s. But its actual goal is not so much to analyse the barbarization of language – it is to reflect on the helplessness of poetry in the face of this phenomenon.

A Farewell to Anna Zeidler-Janiszewska

Pożegnanie z Anną Zeidler-Janiszewską

Author(s): Tomasz Majewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2017

Keywords: Anna Zeidler-Janiszewska;

Majewski presents a portrait of Anna Zeidler-Janiszewska, professor of cultural studies and philosophy, who passed away in July 2017. Zeidler-Janiszewska worked at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, the University of Łódź and the University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Warsaw. Her monographs include Sztuka, mit, hermeneutyka (Art, Myth, Hermeneutics, 1988) and Między melancholia a żałobą: Estetyka wobec przemian kultury współczesnej (Between Melancholy and Mourning: Aesthetics and the Transformations of Contemporary Culture, 1996). With Roman Kubicki she published two volumes of interviews with Zygmunt Bauman: Humanista w ponowoczesnym świecie (A Humanist in the Postmodern World, 1997) and Życie w kontekstach (Life in Contexts, 2007).

Content in Their Servitude: Once More on Miłosz’s The Captive Mind

W zniewoleniu szczęśliwi. Raz jeszcze o Zniewolonym umyśle Miłosza

Author(s): Marek Zaleski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2018

Keywords: Czesław Miłosz; Jacques Lacan; Étienne de La Boétie; voluntary servitude;

Zaleski reads Czesław Miłosz’s The Captive Mind through Lacanian psychoanalysis. This framework allows him to trace Miłosz’s book as a diagnosis once foreshadowed in Étienne de La Boétie’s Discourse on Voluntary Servitude.

Olga Boznańska’s Private Archive

Archiwum prywatne Olgi Boznańskiej

Author(s): Marlena Wilczak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 6/2018

Keywords: Olga Boznańska; museum; archive; archival sensibility; materiality

In the first part of this article, Wilczak reflects on the concept of the private archive and the specificity of researching a deceased person’s personal estate. The following sections focus on the library’s text-centric attitude and the museum’s ocularcentric attitude. These, Wilczak argues, influence the attribution of value to the material form of objects from the archive of Olga Boznańska, a Polish painter of the turn of the twentieth century. Referring to the archive’s “biography,” Wilczak takes into account the intertwining of form, function and meaning of objects and their use in cultural practices of preservation (conservation) and exposure to public view (exhibition).

The Future Birth of the Affective Fact

Przyszłe narodziny afektywnego faktu

Author(s): Brian Massumi / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 6/2019

Keywords: affective facts; ontopower; politics of affect; facts; politics; preemption

Massumi presents the notion of affective facts and how they function, relating it to the changing functioning of reality and how we perceive what is real. He explores the politics of preemption, treated as a manifestation of a new type of power – ontopower.

The Strategy of Challenge in Intercultural Reportage

Strategia wyzwania w reportażu interkulturowym

Author(s): Magdalena Horodecka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 6/2019

Keywords: literary journalism; interculturality; reportage; strategy of challenge

Analysing the strategy of challenge as a possible narrative approach in intercultural reportage, Horodecka elaborates on the notion of interculturality and its operation within literary studies. She also draws on other methodologies that are critical to analysing the image of the Other, such as (comparative) cultural studies and postcolonial studies, highlighting elements that apply the strategy of challenge and its rhetorical, emotive or interventionist functions. At times where the perspective of cultural relativism dominates, the presence of the strategy of challenge in reportage confirms the aporias that the subject encounters while getting to know and narrativising the culture of the Other. The subject inevitably mediates the reality of the Other both in the forms in which this reality is presented and in the subject’s own value system. Horodecka examines this phenomenon in the work of Å. Seierestad, J.S. Margot and P.I. Kalwas.

The Resistance of Memory and Photographs of Historical Culture: Red Army Cemeteries

Opór pamięci i fotografie kultury historycznej. Nekropolie Armii Czerwonej

Author(s): Patrycja Cembrzyńska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2020

Keywords: military cemeteries of World War II; history; communist propaganda; memorial sites; lieux de mémoire; cemetery;

Polish laws prohibiting the promotion of communism (Dz. U. Journal of Laws 2016 no. 744, as well as 2017 nos 1389 and 2495) reawakened controversies on Red Army monuments and memorials on Polish territory and their belonging to the nation’s cultural heritage. To explore this troublesome heritage Cembrzyńska uses the Red Army’s military cemeteries as an example. She examines their role in communist propaganda and outlines the post-1989 debates concerning memorial sites dedicated to Soviet soldiers. She concludes by exploring Wojciech Wilczyk’s photographs of Red Army cemeteries in his series “Architektura symetryczna” [Symmetrical Architecture], focusing on architectural and sculptural elements that articulate an intention of ideological persuasion.

Miłosz’s Poland, Herbert’s Poland

Polska Miłosza, Polska Herberta

Author(s): Stefan Chwin / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 6/2020

Keywords: Czesław Miłosz; Zbigniew Herbert; twentieth-century Polish literature; Polishness; the nation; Piłsudski’s legions; National Democracy; Russia; Warsaw Uprising; Polish People’s Republic; Gierek era;

An argument about Poland emerges from the work and statements of the poets Czesław Miłosz and Zbigniew Herbert. This was not a black-and-white antagonism; it cannot be reduced to the opposition of a “Jagiellonian Poland” (imagined by the Piłsudski camp, for instance, or the liberal-democratic Poland) and the National Democracy’s vision of Poland. What we have is multiple threads, and besides the differences we also find essential – often surprising – similarities in the two poets’ thought or style of thinking. Herbert’s notion of Poland was not as National Democratic as Miłosz wanted to believe, nor was Miłosz’s idea of Poland as radically anti-right as it seemed at first sight.

“I Have Defended and I Continue to Defend a Different Polishness”

„Broniłem i bronię polskości innej”

Author(s): Andrzej Franaszek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 6/2020

Keywords: Czesław Miłosz; Józef Czapski; twentieth-century Polish emigration; twentieth-century Polish epistolography; Polish nationalism and patriotism

Franaszek draws a biographical map of the relationship between Józef Czapski andCzesław Miłosz, analysing the divergent personality traits of these two outstanding artists who shaped the landscape of Polish culture in the second half of the twentiethcentury. The focus is on exploring the debates and altercations in their articles and private correspondence – especially those that touched on Polish patriotism or nationalism (which goes hand in hand with xenophobia and anti-Semitism), and even Polishness assuch, with its underlying intellectual and spiritual formations. Franaszek also highlights the fundamental differences as well as numerous overlaps in their evaluation, as well astheir shared dream of a “different Polishness” marked by complex identities and multidimensionality.

The Medical Humanities: On Healing (Oneself) in a Pathosystem

Humanistyka medyczna: o leczeniu (się) w patosystemie

Author(s): Agnieszka Dauksza / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: medical humanities; health care; medical care; women’s literature; helplessness; illness

Dauksza (re)defines the medical humanities and outlines its framework in contemporary culture. She conceptualises it as an ensemble of textual, visual and performative practices that problematise the experience of functioning in the institution of the hospital. Literary and artistic narratives by women (e.g. Christine Lavant, Olga Hund, Aneta Żukowska, Alina Szapocznikow, Katarzyna Kozyra, Joanna Rajkowska) allow Dauksza to discuss the different functions of the medical humanities: to criticise the health care system, to testify and to offer strategies of repairing/salvaging. She examines the relationshipsbetween different factors within the clinical system, their helplessness and their dependence on politics, class and economy. While exploring the violence that affects patients and health care workers in the system, Dauksza also points to forms of women’s collective self-help, which is the true focus of the medical humanities.

The Pamphlet TAK: Reading from an Intermedia Perspective

Jednodniówka TAK – lektura w perspektywie intermedialnej

Author(s): Krystyna Pietrych / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: comparative studies; intermediality; image turn; manifesto; avant-garde

Pietrych polemicises with the literature-centric reading of the Polish Futurists’ first publication and proposes instead a reading rooted in intermedia comparativism and the image turn. Such a method makes it possible to treat the pamphlet TAK as a structurally heterogeneous statement that first harnesses the semantics of typography before engaging the meanings of words. This allows Pietrych to indicate unambiguous meanings of the avant-gardists’ disruptive and innovative manifesto.

Paintings that “Say” what Translation Is: Book Cover Illustrations in Translation Studies

Obrazy, które „mówią”, czym jest tłumaczenie. O ilustracjach na okładkach książek przekładoznawczych

Author(s): Elżbieta Skibińska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2021

Keywords: translation studies; book covers; reproductions of paintings; metaphor; definition of translation;

Skibińska analyses reproductions of paintings on book covers in translation studies.She assumes that the paintings are consciously choice and related to a particularunderstanding of translation; the book cover, meanwhile, is treated as an iconic metaphorreflecting this understanding. Skibińska demonstrates that book covers in the Frenchseries “Traductologie” fail to convey the editors’ concept of translation, while paintingsreproduced on the covers of stand-alone publications by single or multiple authorshighlight the translation’s relationship to the original, suggesting that a translation – theresult of the original’s transformation and a separate entity at the same time – maintainsa unique memory of the original; it is its illusory equivalent or representative.

The Stigma of the Old Spinster: The Evolution and Social Function of Literary and Journalistic Discourses on Unmarried Women in the Nineteenth Century

Piętno starej panny. Ewolucja i społeczne funkcje dziewiętnastowiecznego dyskursu literacko-publicystycznego na temat niezamężnych kobiet

Author(s): Agnieszka Szudarek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2021

Keywords: stereotype of the old spinster; unmarried women in the nineteenth century; nineteenthcentury literature and journalism; social change in the nineteenth century; women’s history;

Szudarek explores the emergence of the negatively connoted figure of the “old spinster”among Europe’s privileged classes in the nineteenth century. She juxtaposes historicalresearch on unmarried women with literary and journalistic discourses and demonstratesthat the label of the old spinster, which stigmatised women and led to their exclusion,emerged in Western Europe along with bourgeois society at the turn of the eighteenthand nineteenth century. It responded to the need to subordinate women to the malehierarchies that came to dominate the public sphere. Works of literature carried figureof the old spinster to other geographical areas such as the Polish lands. The materialsexamined suggest that the marginalisation and exclusion of unmarried women from bothsociety and family structures was a literary or formal construct rather than a reflectionof actual social relationships.