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Electronic media in the editor’s toolbox – an attempt at theoretical reconnaissance

Narzędzia mediów elektronicznych w warsztacie edytora – próba teoretycznego rozpoznania

Author(s): Aleksandra Wójtowicz / Language(s): / Issue: 2/2014

The article deals with the question of the advantages of introducing editorial practices into the field of digital humanities. The author defines phenomena related to a redefinition of (Anglo-American) editorial thought and points to the results of introducing online academic editions: new type of the reader, change of the editor’s function and new paths in literary studies that open up for the participants of digital culture. The problems of the traditional editor are discussed on the basis of the case study of Wacław Berent’s work. The methodological background for the article is provided by J. McGann, D. F. McKenzie, H. W. Gabler, as well as Polish scholars: M. Prussak, A. Karpiński i W. Bolecki.

Manly Fascism

Męski faszyzm

Author(s): Sławomir Buryła / Language(s): / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: masculinity; fascism; torturer; popular culture; Holocaust

Buryła discusses how fascism relates to the concept of masculinity in popular and stereotypical representations of fascism and of the Nazi torturer. He also analyses the ways in which the executioner is erotized in film and literature. Finally, he explores the sources and dimensions of the Nazis’ fascination with masculinity – a fascination that led to the male’s dominant position in Hitler’s ideology.

Bi(Multi)Lingual Theatre in the Globalized British Context, Or: Different Styles of Migration and Transcultural Drama

Dwu(wielo)języczny teatr w zglobelizowanym kontekście brytyjskim, czyli o różnych stylach dramatu migracyjno-transkulturowego

Author(s): Elwira Grossman / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2016

Keywords: Polish-Scottish migration theatre in Great Britain; transcultural drama and theatre; bi(multi)lingual theatre; intercultural communication; cosmopolitan cultural belonging

Focusing on selected bi(multi)lingual plays recently performed in the UK, the essay deals with the broader theme of intercultural communication and Polish migrants’ contribution to the local target culture. Grossman examines the possibility of creating a new transcultural form of theatre as an artistic means of facilitating mutual understanding and intercultural experiences. She suggests replacing the question of artistic merit by the shows’ function in reinforcing intercultural dialogue. The performances discussed are shown not only to strengthen the migrants’ integration but also to secure their feeling of emotional and cosmopolitan belonging to a globalized world without undermining their sense of human dignity and their belief in social equality.

Migrant Prose: Sources and Meaning

Proza migracyjna: źródła i znaczenie

Author(s): Mieczysław Dąbrowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2016

Keywords: migrant literature; major/minor literature; national discourse; difference

Dąbrowski examines migrant literature in the context of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s notion of major/minor literature and the key Polish tradition which is Romanticism. Migrant literature, created as a polemic with the Romantic or national code and in the context of the experience of the host country’s Otherness or Foreignness, can be seen as a contemporary form of Polish ‘minor literature’.

In the Stocking the Essence Is…: Interview with Karolina Wiktor

W pończosze istota jest… Rozmowa z Karoliną Wiktor

Author(s): Klaudia Muca,Karolina Wiktor / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2016

Keywords: aphasia; communication; brain; disability; lack; art; poetry; emotions; dialogue

This interview touches on the life and work of visual artist Karolina Wiktor and her exploration of her personal experience of aphasia. Wiktor describes aphasia as ‘an explosion of the brain’ or a ‘disfunction of the intellect’. This explosion results in an inability to communicate, to recall memories or to express emotions through language. The author Wołgą przez Afazję [Down the Volga through Aphasia] has successfully recovered the ability to express herself and her experience. In her work she uses a variety of artistic media, creating visual poetry as well as artistic installation. She has also produced what she calls an alphabet of the missing font – a new type of font whose form expresses an aspect of her experience of aphasia.

Communities of Local and National Memory: A Few Comments about Their Collective Formation à la Polonaise

Wspólnoty pamięci lokalnej i narodowej. Kilka uwag o ich zbiorowym wytwarzaniu a la polonaise

Author(s): Joanna Kurczewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 6/2016

Keywords: social memory; communities of local memory; communities of national memory; emotional community; civic society; institutions; organizations of commemoration

Kurczewska explores how communities of local and national memory are formed. Working on the assumption that they are emotional communities, she diagnoses them from a socio-institutional perspective, drawing on numerous empirical studies on local communities and their basic collective agents, such as associations, clubs and other initiatives. She proposes that the years 1989-2015 (i.e. the Third Republic) saw the formation of communities of memory, which functioned on the meso level of Polish society. They shaped the content and forms of collective memory, becoming an essential social and cultural resource for Polish memory. Kurczewska points out that these communities are a necessary element to diagnose the national memory of Polish society as a complex structural entity. Last but not least, they are a factor in a ‘grassroots’ social and cultural interpretation on the level of the macrosociety of the state.

Oblivion, or: Situating Our Understanding of Forms of Memory

Niepamięć albo o sytuowaniu wiedzy o formach pamiętania

Author(s): Roma Sendyka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 6/2016

Keywords: oblivion; forgetting; semiotic memory; vernacular memory

Sendyka discusses the discourse on memory as potentially multilayered (Deleuze/Guattari, the theory of ‘minor literature’), simultaneously pointing out the weakness of the vernacular layer that is most narrowly located (Haraway). Further research is clearly needed regarding these processes, marked as they are by opposed forces or vectors: memories about a given event are maintained while at the same time being blocked. Such phenomena can be understood in terms of ‘oblivion,’ which differs from ‘forgetting’ in that ‘oblivion’ does not privilege verbal contact as a norm in the transfer of memory. It connects deformed symbolic means (narratives that have become myths, sentences, broken-off sentences) and parasymbolic means (non-verbal elements of speech, gestures) with somatic activities and performative acts (interaction with objects and people). In the realm of ‘oblivion,’ ‘silent knowledge’ and ‘refraining from speech’ help transmit an emotional and bodily experience of the past where that experience is still undecided and not ready to be verbalized.

Ethnography, Memory, Experiment: Towards an Alternative Social History

Etnografia, pamięć, eksperyment: w stronę alternatywnej historii społecznej

Author(s): Tomasz Rakowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 6/2016

Keywords: social history; memory; experiment; village; ethnography; art

Research on the self-organization and creative potential of rural communities in Poland suggests several decades of unrecognized conflicts of knowledge and social identity. This article demonstrates how work that is experimental both ethnographically and artistically can help reveal unfixed or absent elements of Polish identity conducted in contemporary village spaces. Rakowski suggests that ethnographic and artistic work can uncover unfixed cultural memories, enabling a completely new perspective on the formation of Polish society. This process paints a different, alternative social history, and at the same time it suggests a new perspective on issues of citizenship, social subjectivity and our understanding of history in a theoretical and methodological sense.

‘Speaking in the Name of the Biotic Community’: Anatomies and Theories of the Environmental/Ecological Text

„Mówić w imieniu biotycznej wspólnoty”. Anatomie i teorie tekstu środowiskowego/ekologicznego

Author(s): Aleksandra Ubertowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: ecocriticism; environmentalism; materialism; hyperobjects;

This is a meta-theoretical and meta-disciplinary study on the achievements of ecocriticism and environmental criticism, from the first wave of ecocriticism to the most recent trends, such as material ecocriticism and Timothy Morton’s theories rooted in deconstruction. Ubertowska devotes particular attention to the concept of the ‘environmental text’ developed by Lawrence Buell, the Nestor of the discipline. His concept forms the axis of this review of different positions within ecocriticism and environmental criticism.

How Do Trees Testify? Towards Non-Human Witness Figurations

Jak drzewa świadczą? W stronę nie-ludzkich figuracji świadka

Author(s): Jacek Małczyński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2018

Keywords: Holocaust; environmental history; witness; memory; Łukasz Surowiec; Berlin-Birkenau; Auschwitz-Birkenau;

Małczyński explores the question whether the concept of the witness, rooted in human ethics, can be extended to non-human beings (e.g. plants, animals, objects). While his main focus is on the tree as a figuration of the witness, the subject of interpretation is Łukasz Surowiec’s artistic project Berlin-Birkenau (2012). Referring to Eduardo Kohn’s book How Forests Think (2013) and the extended concept of semiosis, Małczyński argues that trees testify to the past in an index-like manner. He also draws attention to the project’s environmental consequences.

Literary Constructions of Cultural Trauma: Ideological Implications of the ‘Woman in Grief’ in Robert Edric’s In Desolate Heaven (1997) and Jodie Shields’s The Crimson Portrait (2008)

Literackie konstrukcje traumy kulturowej: ideologiczny wymiar ‘kobiet w żałobie’ w powieściach Roberta Edrica In Desolate Heaven oraz Jodie Shields The Crimson Portrait

Author(s): Marzena Sokołowska-Paryż / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2018

Keywords: The Great War; cultural trauma; grief; British literature;

Trauma theories have proven an immensely influential framework in the humanities. However, contemporary fictional representations of the Great War all too often focus on soldiers or veterans as the traumatized victims. In epistemological terms, the trauma of war experience has generally been considered superior to civilian trauma, which is related to the grief of losing a beloved person at the front. Focusing on Robert Edric’s In Desolate Heaven (1997) and Jodie Shields’s The Crimson Portrait (2008), Sokołowska-Paryż examines the ideological implications of the literary constructions of the ‘woman in grief.’ Here she draws on cultural trauma theories as well as psychological theories of mourning.

Postępek prawa czartowskiego [The Trial of the Devil’s Law] as a Compilation of Different Genres

Postępek prawa czartowskiego jako kompilacja różnych form gatunkowych

Author(s): Anna Kochan / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2019

Keywords: genre; compilation; dialogue; tractatus; Postępek

The anonymous Postępek prawa czartowskiego [The Trial of the Devil’s Law, 1570] poses a problem when it comes to identifying the genre. The work consists of two parts – a dialogue and a tractatus. Wanting to include all demonological material, the unnamed author needed two distinct ways of presenting content and therefore made use of the most proper forms and combined them, putting them side by side without mixing them. The author’s goal was not to transgress norms but to create a better and more comprehensive work. The overriding aim was effective communication, and the form of the work was determined by the author’s intention and the readership’s anticipated reaction. The compilation of Postępek can neither be called a genre apart nor an experiment in genre. It is a well-considered strategy of presenting demonological material in the most appropriate and most accessible way.

Woman, Figure, Canon

Kobieta, figura, kanon

Author(s): Arkadiusz Bagłajewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2018

Keywords: gender studies; feminism; archetypes; canon; lexicon

Review: …czterdzieści i cztery. Figury literackie. Nowy kanon […Forty-Four: Literary Archetypes – A New Canon] ed. by M. Rudaś-Grodzka, B. Smoleń, K. Nadana-Sokołowska, A. Mrozik, K, Czeczot, A. Nasiłowska, E. Serafin-Prusator, A. Wróbel (Warsaw: Wydawnictwo IBL PAN, 2017).

Polish Autobiographical Comics and the Global Development of the Genre

Polski komiks autobiograficzny w kontekście rozwoju gatunku na świecie

Author(s): Tomasz Pstrągowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 6/2018

Keywords: comics; autobiography; Nowicka; Skutnik; Sasnal; Śledziński; product

Pstrągowski outlines the history of the Polish autobiographical comic book. He draws attention to the pioneering works of Mieczysław Kuczyński, then zooms in on the earliest writers of autobiographical comics – Michał Śledziński, Wilhelm Sasnal, Agata Nowicka and Mateusz Skutnik. He also includes two writers who are usually overlooked, namely Pola Dwurnik and Paweł Gierczak. For Pstrągowski, there are two breakthrough moments in the development of the genre. The first took place around 2008, when the comic book Marzi was released on the Polish market; the second can be dated to 2012, when Agata Wawryniuk and Olga Wróbel published their graphic novels.

Civic Activity Among Young People With Intellectual Disabilities: Socio-Cultural Barriers to Inclusion

Aktywność obywatelska młodzieży z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. Społeczno-kulturowe bariery inkluzji

Author(s): Ditta Baczała,Celina Kamecka-Antczak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2020

Keywords: person with an intellectual disability; active citizenship; social inclusion; special school;

The article presents the relationship between civic participation among people with an intellectual disability (ID) and Vic Finkelstein’s barriers to social inclusion (which formed the basis for the questionnaire). A survey among adult students was also conducted with Richard Klamut’s “Questionnaire on Civic Activity”. The respondents tended to experience the barriers as small and their living conditions as good; they generally felt valuable. Only the subjective feeling of helplessness resulting from their own disability turned out to be significant. The stronger the experience of barriers, the less the respondents were politically active. A category with relatively high scores is engagement for the benefit of others, which is clearly attributable to special schools.

Before the Law: The (Literary) Text in the Digital World

Przed prawem. Tekst (literacki) w świecie cyfrowym

Author(s): Łukasz Musiał / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2020

Keywords: the law of literature; digitalisation; literature as an institution; infrastructure of literature; techniques of reading and writing; hybridity; multimediality; socialisation;

Musiał explores the main trends in today’s digitisation processes and their impact on the written word, on reading and writing practices, on literature, literary research and the humanities. Starting with an analysis of Derrida’s essay “Before the Law,” Musiał goes on to question the emerging “law of literature” which is determined by digitisation – a cultural development whose scale and significance are comparable to the changes brought about by Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press in the fifteenth century.

Frostpunk: Longing for the Biopolitics of a State of Emergency

Frostpunk – tęsknota za biopolityką stanu wyjątkowego

Author(s): Michał Kłosiński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: Frostpunk; 11 bit studios; biopolitics; hermeneutics of video games; game studies; video games; strategic games; apocalypse;

This critical analysis of the city-building survival game Frostpunk focuses on the representations and mechanics of the game applied in the a fictionalised city builder. Kłosiński draws on hermeneutics to make sense of various elements of the game – such as multimodal elements (the interface) and transmedia elements (the trailer and website)– as well as to problematise the fundamental mechanics of the game. Analysing the moral and ethical conflicts as well as the social vision presented in the game leads him to question the nature of the apocalyptical tone in the representation of the city. The narratives of constructing the last city on earth oscillate between messianism and utopianism. Kłosiński discusses what vision of biopolitics are presented by the mechanics that allow players to co-create the narrative world of Frostpunk.

Archive as a Practice in the Literary History (Editorʼs Note)

Archiwum jako praktyka w historii literatury (Od redakcji)

Author(s): Płamen Dojnow,Adriana Kovacheva / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 19/2020

A Dog’s Death, or Heidegger and Gombrowicz’s Discourses on People and Animals

Śmierć psa albo Heideggera i Gombrowicza dyskursy o ludziach i zwierzętach

Author(s): Marian Bielecki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: Heidegger; Gombrowicz; human; animal; death; animal studies

The article discusses the intertextual relations between Gombrowicz’s oeuvre andHeidegger’s philosophy with particular emphasis on the themes of human-animalrelations, and the matters of human’s and animal’s death. Analyses revealed that bothHeidegger and Gombrowicz’s anthropological projects differ fundamentally. WhileHeidegger seeks to capture what is humanity by multiplying divisions between peopleand animals, Gombrowicz in many ways problematizes such divisions. The article’sessential methodological context is the field of animal studies that frequently critiquesHeidegger’s concepts. By comparison, Gombrowicz avoids these anthropocentric pitfalls,which makes Bielecki contradict current scholarship that generally gravitates towarda conviction that Gombrowicz consistently stabilizes the firm boundary between thehuman and the animal.

Report on a tactical retreat

Raport z taktycznego odwrotu

Author(s): Franciszek Chwałczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: circulation of knowledge; doctoral studies; scopusosis; workload; reporting

This text results from an autoethnographic stage of the project “Social Circulation ofKnowledge in the Humanities” (2020/37/B/HS2/00955). The main problem detectedby the author is the lack of engagement in non-academic circulation. Although it is anindividual problem, the causes are both individual and systemic. The author indicatestemporal, financial, and biographical determinants. The overall conclusion is that theacademic career path and doctoral studies promote abandoning the non-academicsocial circulation of knowledge. The author analyzes a five-year-long journal of doctoralstudies, documents regulating doctoral studies, personal experiences, and biographiesof the author and others. The text addresses a number of specific issues: reporting,scopusosis, workload, emotional labor, dissonance between career and own values andbeliefs, distancing as a protective strategy, and the circulation of knowledge versus thecirculation of power.