Search results for: Danziger Trilogie in All Content

Regional Impact Models: Problems of Application in Lithuania

Regional Impact Models: Problems of Application in Lithuania

Author(s): Neringa Čepaitienė,Violeta Pukelienė / Language(s): English / Issue: 32/2004

Keywords: regional research; regional economy; regional impact models; regional economic modelling. regioniniai tyrimai; regioninė ekonomika; poveikio regionų ekonomikai modeliai; regioniniai modeliai; regioninis ekonominis modeliavimas

The article reviews available methods for assessing regional economic impact identifying their key assumptions, strengths, and limitations. Furthermore, empirical research on application of the methods in practice is studied and certain recommendations for choosing regional modelling tools for Lithuania are provided, highlighting major organizational and political factors which should be considered in the selection process.

Poland and Germany. Facts, Ideas and Chances

Polen und Deutschland. Tatsachen, Gedanken und Möglichkeiten

Author(s): Otto Forst De Battaglia / Language(s): German / Issue: 10/1927

Profession for my child: aspirations of parents

Zawód dla mojego dziecka: aspiracje rodziców

Author(s): Ewa Matczak,Waldemar Kozłowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2012

Keywords: Social status; professional orientation; social values, transmission of aspirations

The text presents some data on the occupational aspirations of parents towards their children in class III of primary school. Most parents want children to perform medical, requiring high qualification (like economists, lawyers), polytechnic and teaching professions. Preferences of parents most differentiate the sex of their baby. Traditionally, the future of girls believed to be the medical and teaching professions, while for boys polytechnic occupations are preferred. There is also variation due to parents’ education and place of residence (these variables are significantly correlated). People with higher education in urban residents often want their children to perform jobs requiring high skills and education, more often, decisions about career choice leaving a child. Parents with lower education living in rural areas want children to perform less skilled occupations and teaching professions.

The castles of the Teutonic Order and the cities of Prussia

Die Burgen des Deutschen Ordens und die Stadte in Preussen

Author(s): Janusz Tandecki / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/1997

Keywords: Castles; Teutonic Order; Prussian cities;

Nach Maßgabe der sich vertiefenden Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der mittelalterlichen preußischen Städte und der meist daneben gelegenen Ordensburgen wird immer deutlicher, daß die Rolle der letzteren sich nicht nur auf die militärische und konventuelle Sphäre beschränkte. Diese Aufgaben beeinflußten zweifelsohne im entscheidenden Maße den Entwurf und das Aussehen der Objekte (zum Beispiel wurden in der Regel in solchen Burgen im ersten Stock die gemeinschaftlich von allen Mitgliedern des Konvents genutzten Räume angelegt, wie: die Kapelle, der Kapitelsaal, das Refektorium, Dormitorium und die Infirmerie), doch Ordensburgen in Preußen erfüllten auch viele andere Funktionen, die ihnen einen wichtigen Platz im System der staatlichen und Ordensverwaltung sicherten, was im Endergebnis eine beträchtliche Einflußnahme des Ordens unter anderem auch auf die daneben gelegenen Städte gestattete.

Poland, Germany and the Genesis of World War II

Poland, Germany and the Genesis of World War II

Author(s): Stanisław Żerko / Language(s): English / Issue: 00/2012

The war, which was meant to give Germany control over Europe and later on also world domination, constituted in Hitler’s programme the only realistic means to build the imperialist position of Germany. In fact the programme was drafted in a general outline by the leader of NSDAP as early as at the beginning of his astonishing political career. Using the concept of “Lebensraum” he maintained that the German nation should take under military control other territories on the European continent, and more specifically those on the debris of the Soviet Union. He saw his supporter in Italy but it was Great Britain which he intended to be his most important ally.

Selected artistic, theological and historical aspects in the paintings „Allegory of Faith” and „Adoration of the Christ the Redeemer” from St. Peter a

Wybrane aspekty artystyczne, teologiczne I historyczne w obrazach „Alegoria Wiary” o „Adoracja Chrystusa jako Odkupiciela” z kościoła pw. św. Apostołó

Author(s): Piotr Rumanowski / Language(s): / Issue: 99/2013

Keywords: paintings; the Christ; S. Peter and Paul Church; Puck

This paper describes two seventeenth-century paintings in St. Peter and Paul Church in Puck. The works are placed next to each other and they have the form of discs fitting into the arches of the Gothic vault of the church. The images are consistent in terms of composition and content. Allegorical paintings symbolize the significance of faith, the communion of saints and mediation in salvation. The anonymous works are creative transformation of the Gothic tradition of painting in the service of the post-tridentine Catholic Church fighting with the Reformation. The paintings are overloaded with excessive content of iconography and raise a number of issues about which the Reformation spoke critically or towards which it had a negative attitude. The images depict characters from the Bible and the Gospel. To bring people closer to the scenes on canvas, the painters included elements of familiar realities and the characters of the time. Works form Puck in terms of iconography and composition make use of the experience of artists from Gdańsk and painters working with the Cistercians and the Jesuits. Described paintings cannot be placed in a catalogue of relics as high-quality works. They refer to the paintings, which were characterized by dignity and simplicity. The value of these paintings is remarkable from theological and iconographic point of view; as it is an example of an attempt to spread counter-reformation ideas among the faithful.

Habit Clad Scholars

Uczeni w habity przyobleczeni

Author(s): Józef Marecki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Fryderyk August Schmid; history of Poland; orders, lexicon; Warsaw; Lviv

The article discusses a work by Frederic August Schmidt, i.e. the first lexicon of Polish scholars published in the Polish language. The work was issued in 1766 by Michał Gröll in Warsaw. A considerably extended version was released in Lviv in 1846, with an erroneous French date 1766 (correct: 1763) and a German date in 1768. A systematic list of persons which the author refers to as „learned and famous persons” opens with the year 1138. The catalogue includes lay persons and clergymen alike, the latter also including monastic orders. It is the clergy that receives the author’s special attention. /Artykuł omawia dzieło Fryderyka Augusta Schmidta, będące pierwszym wydanym w języku polskim leksykonem uczonych polskich. Ukazało się ono w 1766 roku nakładem Michała Grölla w Warszawie. Znacznie poszerzona wersja ukazała się we Lwowie w roku 1846, z francuską z błędną datą 1766 (powinno być 1763) i niemiecką z 1768 roku. Regularny wykaz osób, których nazwał „uczeni i sławą zaszczyceni” wymienia autor począwszy od 1138 roku. Wśród nich są osoby świeckie i duchowne, a tych ostatnich także zakonnicy. Właśnie osobom duchownym autor artykuł poświęca szczególną uwagę.

HEDONIC CONSUMPTION – NATURE AND RESEARCH-APPROACHES

"ХЕДОНИСТИЧНОТО" ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ - СЪЩНОСТ И ПОДХОДИ В ИЗСЛЕДВАНЕТО

Author(s): Plamen Pachev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1&2/2014

Keywords: Hedonism; Hedonic Consumption; Utilitarian Consumption; Importance of the Emotions in the Consumer Choice; Theory of the Regulatory Focus; Principle of the Hedonic Domination; BIS and BAS - Mechanism,

The article deals with the type of consumption, identified nowadays as "hedonic" or consumption based on, to a large degree, emotional criteria in its choice. A definition of the term is offered and a distinction made between hedonic and utilitarian consumption, based on rational and sensible motives. An analysis is offered of research in the field in the course of the last twenty years, which is related to both Freudistic postulates and approaches - such as "Theory of the regulatory focus", "Principle of hedonic domination", "Hedonic dominant", the BIS and BAS mechanisms, as well as the motivational chain ERC. The author offers a brief generalization of a number of topical studies and concludes that the issue under consideration will be the object of heightened interest on the part marketers and psychologists, bearing in mind the tendencies of growth of the market segment of goods with hedonic characteristics.

What Is Introspection? A Survey of Pluralist Approaches

Czym jest introspekcja? Badanie rozwiązań pluralistycznych

Author(s): Andrzej Dąbrowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 38/2017

Keywords: introspection; inner sense; pluralist approach; J. Prinz; E. Schwitzgebel

One of the most common visions in respect to introspection is represented by the so-called inner-sense (or inner-perception) model. But there are some good reasons to consider this model unsuitable. However, nowadays there are a few scholars (e.g. Armstrong) who defend it still. In this paper, I mention also other approaches to introspection (first of all, such as self-fulfillment, self-shaping, and self-expression approaches). But the primary goal of the paper is to defend a pluralist approach to introspection that allows us to examine introspection as involving many mental processes. In this model, a historical context and a phenomenological experience are engaged, too. It is not a quite new position. I discuss some (re)presentations of the pluralist approach. For instance, I reject Schwitzgebel’s solution as too radical and I support the direction proposed by Prinz.

Solidarity with Solidarność

Solidarität mit Solidarność

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German / Issue: 04/1981

Keywords: Catholic church in Poland;Solidarność;

A fundraising appeal to collect donations for the equipment of Solidarność with printing machines. Together with a relica by Rainer Bauböck to an article of the previous issue about the Catholic Church in Poland.

Moscow and Solidarność / Hungary and Solidarność

Moskau und Solidarność / Ungarn und Solidarność

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German / Issue: 08/1982

Keywords: international reaction on Solidarność;

If the events of 1956 in Hungary in the neighboring countries of the socialist camp - apart from the interaction with Poland - remained without any echo, and if the suppression of the "Prague Spring" with the protest movement of student groups in Poland, the Moscow demonstration of 21 August in 1968, and in response to the inner-party protests of some sociologists in Hungary – if all these events caused only weak reaction, the sixteen-month existence of a Polish labor movement could no longer pass without trace on the other Eastern European countries, chiefly because the opposition had succeeded in some countries and intensified to organize. Even if the ruling regimes managed to transform Poland's catastrophic economic situation into a propaganda - certainly not superfluous on the surface - against the organization of 10 million working Poles, or to build on the fear and resignation of its own people after the military coup Nevertheless, regime critics from several countries have spoken up and clearly taken sides.

THEORY & ANAYLSIS — Reflections about the near Future

THEORY and ANALYSIS — Gedanken über die nächste Zukunft

Author(s): János Kis / Language(s): German / Issue: 10/1982

Keywords: martial law in Poland;dissident intellectuals;

The shock of 13 December 1981 (martial law in Poland) also left deep marks in the Hungarian opposition. The newly created situation for Eastern European dissenters and the dissident movements was analyzed by János Kis in an article for the third issue of the magazine »Beszélő«

The Polish Government-in-Exile and the citizens of the Free City of Danzig in the United Kingdom

Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej a obywatele Wolnego Miasta Gdańska w Zjednoczonym Królestwie

Author(s): Magdalena Hułas / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 16/2018

Keywords: World War II; Polish Government-in-Exile; Free City of Danzig; citizenship; enemy aliens; consular protection

The article presents the Polish Government’s attitude towards the citizens of the Free City of Danzig residing in the United Kingdom. According to the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles (art. 104, para. 6) and the Treaty between Poland and the Free City of Danzig of November 9, 1920 (art. 2–5), Polish authorities were charged with the conduct of the foreign relations of the Free City of Danzig as well as with the protection of its citizens abroad. The problem of consular assistance became particularly important when in 1940 the Danzigers in the United Kingdom were interned as the enemy aliens. They sought Polish protection, and the Polish authorities for their part hoped to strengthen their own position vis-`a-vis the Danzig problem. There were three organized groups of Danzig citizens in the UK. The first one, “Danzig Committee in the United Kingdom”, was constituted in July 1940 by Julius Jewelowski and was, at least initially, ready to accept the incorporation of Danzig to Poland after the war. In 1943 the initiative passed to „The Danzig Movement” under the chairmanship of Carl Lietz and “The Danzig Association” under the chairmanship of Erich Brost. Both of them promoted the idea of independent Danzig. All three of them attempted to establish direct contact with the British authorities and to gain their recognition as the representatives of the citizens of the Free City of Danzig in the United Kingdom. Neither the Polish nor the British Government agreed to such a solution. The Poles continued to protect interests of the Danzigers until July 1945 when the Polish Government itself was derecognised by the Allies. The problem of the international status of Danzig was still officially unresolved at the time.

Directions in research of the oldest Polish press (1501–1729)

Kierunki badań nad prasą polską najstarszej doby (1501–1729)

Author(s): Władysław Marek Kolasa / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2012

Keywords: Polish press; history; 16th–17th centuries; research; ephemeral newspapers; handwritten newspapers; “Merkuriusz Polski”

This article contains a brief overview of the research on Polish press from the years 1501–1729, and discusses its directions and results conducted by historians and press experts after 1945. A citation analysis is widely used in the evaluation of the research output. The interest in the oldest Polish press is relatively high. A total of 55 scholars worked in the field, publishing 102 works (including 16 books), cited 524 times (including 267 times below the half-life period). Eight authors had the largest contribution: Konrad Zawadzki, Kazimierz Maliszewski, Jan Lankau, Władysław Myk, Adam Przyboś, Jan Pirożyński, Janusz A. Drob and Urszula Augustyniak. The most frequent subjects of research were ephemeral publications, “Merkuriusz Polski” and handwritten newspapers, as well as other periodic newspapers and press from Gdańsk.

ON UNINTELIGIBILITY OF RACIALIZATION OF INTELLIGENCE

O NEINTELIGIBILNOSTI RASIZACIJE INTELIGENCIJE

Author(s): Predrag Teovanović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2010

Keywords: intelligence; IQ; race; between-group differences in IQ; naturenurture controversy; scientific racism;

IQ argument alleges that (1) there are racial, i.e. group differences in intelligence between Black and White people, and that (2) intelligence is highly hereditary, thus (3) given differences are congenital and they reflect diversities in genetic material. Results of population geneticists suggest that the notion of race (and the notion of ethnic group likewise) is only a social construct, a cultural category, and not a biologically (genetically) founded criterion of classification. Having this in mind, any attempt by scientific racists to declare racial differences in intelligence hereditary is beforehand nonsensical. In spite of this, and based on the empirical fact that White people (as a social group, a collection of individuals declaring themselves being of white race/population/ group) consistently score higher average IQ on ability tests for approximately 15 units more than Black people (as social group…), scientific racist incline to proclaim these differences as being congenital, claiming at the same time that intelligence is a highly hereditary ability. Thus, this paper will primarily focus on the other claim. The aim is to show that the finding on group differences in its descriptive form is not itself racist, but that it becomes such by advancing to the level of unfounded nativist explanation. Also, methodological errors of scientific racists are addressed separately, as well as the role which unfounded conclusions have in conservation of social inequality.

Income Stratification in Russia: What do Different Approaches Demonstrate?

Income Stratification in Russia: What do Different Approaches Demonstrate?

Author(s): Svetlana Mareeva,Yulia Lezhnina / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

Keywords: Russia;income;income groups;stratification;poverty;wealth;middle class;

This paper provides empirical analysis of income stratification in contemporary Russian society and its dynamics in recent decades. The paper analyses in detail different approaches (absolute and relative) to defining income groups. It is shown that the most widely used thresholds of the absolute approach cannot be efficiently applied to contemporary Russian society, as they fail to define the subgroups within the population, while relative approach, based on the median income as the social standard of living, appears more effective for income stratification in Russia. A specific income stratification scale is suggested. Its application shows that middle-income groups currently dominate in income structure, however, the incomes of their representatives are not high in absolute terms and their living standards are quite modest. Income stratification in Russia has been noticeably transformed over the last 20 years – the middle-income group has been growing while the low income and high-income groups’ shares have been declining. The proposed scale implies possibilities for structural adjustments such as regional- and settlement-specific disparities in income distribution; it can be easily replicated and allows broad potential for future research, including international comparisons of income stratification in societies undergoing transitional processes.

"Soldier's Judgment" : From a Country before our Era

„Soldatenurteil” : Aus einem Land vor unserer Zeit

Author(s): Margaretha Sudhof / Language(s): German / Issue: 09/1990

“Soldiers are potential murderers” is the assertion made by a doctor from Frankfurt am Main. In October 1989, the Frankfurt District Court, as the court of appeal, was of the opinion for the second time that the doctor had in any case not committed criminal injustice, even if the sentence, referring to the Bundeswehr, was insulting. However, it would be far wrong to assume that the Federal Republic of Germany in 1989 could have stopped there. In a strange way, the (provisional) acquittal kept the whole society in suspense for weeks. The presiding judge felt compelled, unconventionally, to publish the oral verdict in written form before he and his family were placed under police protection. Little or no attention was paid to the content of the verdict, but the judgment was scolded by Christian Democrats, Liberals and Social Democrats with rare unanimity.

The local governance of COVID-19: Insight from Lesotho’s response and mitigation

Lokalne zarządzanie pandemią COVID-19: wnioski z reakcji i łagodzenia skutków w Lesotho

Author(s): Lucia Leboto-Khetsi,Jennilee Kohima,Fefisa Rwanqa-Mokete,Verna Nel / Language(s): English / Issue: 60/2022

Keywords: Lesotho; COVID-19; colonialization; governance; intervention; mitigation

Pandemics are deemed accidents of history. Their control and impacts span over economic, social, geopolitical and ideological considerations. This paper attempts to answer how Lesotho responded to the COVID-19 pandemic, which factors hindered local-level implementation of COVID-19 response and mitigation, and how the kingdom’s local government disaster preparedness can be improved. A desktop study supported by virtual consultations with relevant players was conducted to gain insight for this study. Content and thematic analysis established a lack of administrative and financial decentralization in Lesotho, which had detrimental implications for COVID-19 response and mitigation.

An Attempt at Phonemic-Graphemic Analysis of the Text De proscriptis (1381–1412) from Jauer/Jawor

Ein Versuch der phonematisch-graphematischen Untersuchung des Textes De proscriptis (1381–1412) aus Jauer/Jawor

Author(s): Piotr A. Owsiński / Language(s): German / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Early New High German; Silesian dialect; East Central German; town council; proscription;

The article presents the results of the phonemic-graphemic analysis of the proscription entries from the turn of the 14th and 15th century, which come from the book of city Jauer and were written down in the Silesian dialect of the Early New High German. In the analysis it could be proved, the text contains the standard Early New High German features as well as the dialectal structures and the sound changes, which are characteristic for the Silesian dialect. All the results of the exploration are supported with the appropriate examples.

Art and Science in Early Modern Gdańsk

Art and Science in Early Modern Gdańsk

Author(s): Anna Sobecka / Language(s): English / Issue: 13/2022

Keywords: Art; science; collection; Hevelius; Breyne; Gottwald; Klein; Leibniz

The 17th and 18th centuries were a period of the development of art and science in Gdańsk. Johann Hevelius, was the most famous astronomer of that time. He cooperated with the best artists: Jeremias Falck, Daniel Schultz and Andreas Stech. Hevelius’s second wife Elisabeth was also dedicated to science and the couple were shown together at work. Scientists” collections and cabinets in Gdańsk provided a platform for the exchange of ideas. The artists interested in observing nature were incorporated into the circle of discussants. Samuel Niedenthal who studied both the fauna and flora worked together with two other researchers and collectors form Gdańsk: Christoph Gottwald – doctor of medicine and botanist – Jacob Breyne. Gdansk naturalists themselves attempted to draw or to sculpt. Passions for art and science as well as collecting have sometimes been continued by subsequent generations. Johann Philipp Breyne and Jacob Theodor Klein supported the artistic education of their daughters. Their drawings were both used as models to make scientific illustrations and were artistic objects used also for exchange. Gdańsk scientists collected paintings, drawings, prints, and scientific as well as natural specimens. Their collections were dynamic and consistent with the emerging idea of a nature and art” developed by Gottfried Leibniz.