Search results for: Danziger Trilogie in All Content

Moment of shimmering light

A pillanat ragyogó fénye

Author(s): Juha Itkonen / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 90/2013

Az efféle pillanatok a pillanatok rendbontói. Emlékezz rám, kiabálnak, rám muszáj emlékezned, és így ezek a zajos, az egész emberiséget egyesítő alkalmak árnyékba szorítják az élet azon pillanatait, melyek valóban megragadnak az ember emlékezetében. A valóban lényegeseket, azokat, melyeket az ember szeretne örökké megőrizni és valamiképpen elraktározni, szavak, fényképek vagy videofelvételek formájában, bármi eszközzel. De minden kísérlet hiábavaló a megőrzésre, a lényeg menthetetlenül kiszökik a kezünkből. Nincs semmiféle konkrét bizonyíték azokra a pillanatokra, melyek hajnaltájt az eszembe villannak, miközben hiába várok az álomra. Nincs keskenyfilm arról az éjszakáról, amikor alva járva apa és anya hálószobájában kötöttem ki. Liisa visszakísért az ágyamba, és egy ideig még ott virrasztott mellettem. Nincs fénykép az arckifejezésedről, mikor a hetedikes évzáród napján a gyorsétterem sarokasztalánál ültél, előtted a bizonyítvánnyal és a jutalommal, de valahogy mégis ez az az arckifejezés, amely ébren tart engem hajnaltájt, ahogy szétvetett tagokkal fekszem az izzadságtól nyirkos ágynemű között, álomért könyörögve. Te magad nem emlékszel rá. Még csak nem is emlékezhetsz, hiszen a te arckifejezésed volt, te sohasem láttad. Én viszont igen, hiszen veled szemben ültem. Azok az emberek, akik életük során számtalan alkalommal találkoznak, a családtagok és talán a legközelebbi barátok, oly módon rögzülnek egymás emlékeiben, melynek ők maguk nincsenek tudatában, és melyet megjósolni sem tudnak.

Global Poverty Reduction: Controversies and Certainties

Global Poverty Reduction: Controversies and Certainties

Author(s): Cătălin Postelnicu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: absolute poverty; relative poverty; human poverty index; inequality in economic globalization

This paper provides a brief analytical account of the various processes through which globalization affects the lives of the poor, special in developing countries. A raging issue of academic and public debate concerns the impact of globalization on the well-being of the world’s poor. In most contentions debates, different scientists mean different things by globalization and his effect on poverty. Some interpret it like a economic opportunity, others protest against devastation caused by globalization to fragile economies. In this context, we believe that globalization can cause many hardships for the poor in these countries, but, in the same time, it opens up opportunities which some countries can utilize.

FROM MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING TO STRATEGY EXECUTION AND SYSTEMS THINKING: THE BALANCED SCORECARD (R)EVOLUTION AND NEW RESEARCH AGENDA

FROM MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING TO STRATEGY EXECUTION AND SYSTEMS THINKING: THE BALANCED SCORECARD (R)EVOLUTION AND NEW RESEARCH AGENDA

Author(s): Aurel Brudan / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2008

Keywords: gender occupational identity; economic development; occupational specialisation; Romania; Slovenia

The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) emerged as a highly regarded management concept, witnessing rapid global adoption. It became a key driver of the performance management revolution that took place in mid 1990s and it continuously evolved from its management accounting to become a management system supporting strategy execution. However, initial promises were only partially fulfilled and the value added by implementations is under expectations. The unique characteristics of the concept - continuous evolution, confusing literature and ambiguity - make the BSC misunderstood and misused. Future research needs to clarify the nature of the BSC and its role in organisations. The assumptions made are that the BSC is a management tool, with a polyvalent role that can be integrated in various organisational management systems. Overall, the crystallizing function of the BSC is perhaps the most valuable contribution to management, as it can provide structure and clarity in the fluid and complex business environment of today. This conceptual paper explores the evolution of the BSC and proposes new directions in the area of management accounting research.

National Identity of Pomeranian Leaders of German Minority

Tożsamość narodowa pomorskich liderów mniejszości niemieckiej

Author(s): Magdalena Lemańczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2010

Keywords: German minority; integration; assimilation; identity; identification; the Danzigers; the Germans

The author presents conclusions of field studies conducted among leaders and active members of ten German minority institutions operating in Pomeranian area after 1989. The main object of the article is to describe and analyze the fundamental social problem as seen by the German minority leaders,namely the maintenance of social identity and group continuity. The author considers the context of Polish majority, the situation of the borderland, and the peculiarity of the post-migration society. The studies were carried out in the years 2008 to 2009, following exploratory research conducted since 2006. The methods of in-depth interview, (partly unstructured), participant (or semi-participant) observation , focus group interviews and content analysis were used.

”Ein Rewsze mit namen Mucha…”. Aspects of the Moldavian-Polish Relations between 1486/1488–1491

„Ein Rewsze mit namen Mucha…”. Din istoria relaţiilor moldo-polone în 1486/1488–1491

Author(s): Liviu Cîmpeanu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: Moldavia; Poland; Teutonic Knights; Liborius Nacker; Stephen the Great

Very little known to Romanian historiography, the Campaign Diary of the Teutonic Knights, written in 1497 by Liborius Nacker, the main secretary of the Order, reveals important data concerning the political and military relations between Moldavia and Poland, in the years 1485–1497. Besides the events involving the Teutonic army during its campaign in Poland and Moldavia, Liborius Nacker recorded precious data about the origin of the Moldavian-Polish conflict of the year 1497. According to the Teutonic Campaign Diary, despite the fact that the Moldavian Prince Stephen the Great was a vassal of the Polish King Cazimir IV, he did not receive enough military support from his suzerain to stand against the Ottoman threat. Thus, the Moldavian Prince had to submit to the Sublime Porte (1486), considering his former suzerain responsible for his disaster. That is why he hired the Ruthenian mercenary Mucha, and his horde of outlaws and Tatars, to pillage the Polish border provinces, in order to gain resources for the payment of the Turkish tribute. Liborius Nacker records interesting accounts about the Ruthenian mercenary Mucha and about the consequences of his raids on the South-Eastern provinces of Poland, all of which are confirmed by other narrative sources of the time.

The Dilemmata of the European Union

Die Dilemmata der Europäischen Union

Author(s): Jacques Rupnik / Language(s): German / Issue: 30/2005

Keywords: European Union; Crisis of EU;

Seit ihrer Osterweiterung im Mai 2004 ist die Europäische Union in eine manifeste Identitätskrise geraten, zu der mit der Ablehnung des Verfassungsvertrages in Frankreich und den Niederlanden eine politische Vertrauenskrise hinzugekommen ist, wobei beide Krisen sich wechselseitig verschärfen. Dabei ist es noch gar nicht so lange her, dass Charles Kupchan in seinem Buch über das Ende der Ära Amerikas1 seine These vom aufstrebenden Europa, das es mit den Vereinigten Staaten werde aufnehmen können, weniger auf die wirtschaftliche Dynamik der Union als vielmehr auf ihr politisches Moment gegründet hat. Zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts, so schrieb er, »ist es die politische Einigung Europas, welche die globale Landschaft verändern wird«. Diese These, die seinerzeit tatsächlich mit einer demonstrativen Willensbekundung Europas korrespondierte, scheint heute nicht mehr überzeugend. Gleiches gilt für den »europäischen Traum«, der nach Jeremy Rifkin2 den »american dream« unaufhaltsam in den Hintergrund verbannen werde. Ohne gleich in Europessimismus zu verfallen, mag es nicht unangebracht sein, angesichts der Krise des Projekts Europa deren tiefer liegende Faktoren und ihre möglichen Konsequenzen zu analysieren.

The Ottoman Invasion in Burzenland in 1431.The unknown comments of a Transylvanian Manuscript

Der Türkeneinfall im Burzenland aus dem Jahre 1431 Die unbekannten Glossen einer siebenbürgischen Handschrift

Author(s): Adinel C. Dincă / Language(s): German / Issue: Suppl 2/2016

Keywords: Medieval Transylvania; Burzenland; Ottoman menace; Preaching; Historiography;

Unknown information regarding an almost neglected Ottoman invasion in the Burzenland represents the main subject of the following article. Even more interesting as the details that concerns the attack itself seems to be the media channel that intermediated the new data: a collection of sermons most likely copied by a contemporary Dominican friar from Kronstadt.

Kant and Protestantism

Immanuel Kant a protestantyzm

Author(s): Tomasz Kupś / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 11/2017

Keywords: Immanuel Kant; philosophy of religion; critique of religion; Protestantism; Deus in nobis;

The relationships between Kant’s philosophy and Protestantism are still the subject of studies and new findings. Contemporarily, the univocal and enthusiastic identification of Kantian philosophy with Lutheran anthropology and eschatology, typical for nineteenth-century historians, has been evaluated much more critically. Paulsen’s claim that Kant was a “philosopher of Protestantism” is not received without reservation. Some analogies with the foundations of Luther’s reform can be recognised in Kant’s polemic with religious metaphysics. However, Kant’s philosophy of religion seems to be a kind of continuation of the reformation spirit in the field of philosophy, but not only a legitimisation of the religious reform which in the 18th century were already fossilised and out of date.

Manuscript Tradition of Georg Joachim Rheticus’s Election Prophecy. Source Analysis and Edition

Manuscript Tradition of Georg Joachim Rheticus’s Election Prophecy. Source Analysis and Edition

Author(s): Michał Choptiany / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: Georg Joachim Rheticus; Andreas Dudithius; Renaissance astrology; manuscript circulation – sixteenth and seventeenth century; political propaganda – sixteenth and seventeenth century

The paper aims to organise the issues concerning the great variety of manuscripts jointly referred to as the “election prophecy”, supposedly made by Georg Joachim Rheticus. The author proposed to apply a model showing how the original text of the “prophecy”, the autograph of which has not been preserved to this day, underwent contamination and interpolation after being introduced into manuscript circulation through correspondence and numerous copies, while at the same time serving as the basis for the creation of vernacular traditions of the text. These processes are depicted in source materials annexed to the paper, containing editions of the Latin, Polish and German variants of the text.

Manuscript Tradition of Georg Joachim Rheticus’s Election Prophecy. Analysis of Accounts and Their Editions

Tradycja rękopiśmienna przepowiedni elekcyjnej Jerzego Joachima Retyka. Analiza przekazów i edycja

Author(s): Michał Choptiany / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: Georg Joachim Rheticus; Andreas Dudithius; Renaissance astrology; manuscript circulation 16th and 17th century; political propaganda 16th and 17th century

The paper aims to organise the issues concerning the great variety of manuscripts jointly described as the “election prophecy,” supposedly made by Georg Joachim Rheticus. The author proposed to apply a model showing how the original text of the “prophecy,” the autograph of which has not been preserved to this day, underwent contamination and interpolation after being introduced into manuscript circulation through correspondence and numerous copies, while at the same time serving as the basis for the creation of vernacular traditions of the text. These processes are depicted in source materials annexed to the paper, containing editions of accounts in Latin, Polish, and German.

THE CONSUMPTION OF VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT MORE THAN 4 HOURS/DAY, IN THE CHILDREN BETWEEN 0-3 YEARS OLD, CAN CAUSE A SYNDROME SIMILAR WITH THE AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

THE CONSUMPTION OF VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT MORE THAN 4 HOURS/DAY, IN THE CHILDREN BETWEEN 0-3 YEARS OLD, CAN CAUSE A SYNDROME SIMILAR WITH THE AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

Author(s): Marius Teodor Zamfir / Language(s): English / Issue: 13/2018

Keywords: virtual autism; virtual environment; TV; ASD; screen-time;

This survey describes the incidence of the excessive consumption of virtual environment in children recently diagnosed with ASD, between 2012-2017, in two specialized rehabilitation centres. The survey was conducted longitudinally, following the progress in the therapeutic process, by measuring QD/IQ in 62 children with autism, in Romania. The analysis compared two groups who presented or not a consumption of more than 4 hours/day of virtual environment in their anamnesis history, between 0-3 years old. The results of the survey are the following: children diagnosed with ASD who had an anamnesis history of excessive consumption of virtual environment, between 0 – 3 years old have recorded QD/IQ higher by 37%, between the first and the second complex psychological evaluation, while resources used were three times lower compared to the control group. This suggests that sensory-motor and socio-affective deprivation caused by the consumption of more than 4 hours/day of virtual environment can activate behaviours and elements similar to those found in children diagnosed with ASD. Following our survey, we defined this form of autism: Virtual Autism.

Slavic Musicians from the End of the Western Ocean

Slawische Musikanten vom Ende des Westlichen Ozeans

Author(s): Johannes Koder / Language(s): German / Issue: 55/2018

Keywords: Avars; Baian; Maurikios; Pomorans; Slavic musical instruments; Western Slavs

In the spring of 591 some Byzantine soldiers, members of the bodyguard of the emperor Maurikios, arrested near Herakleia (west of Constantinople) three men from a Sklauenoi tribe. These Sklauenoi carried no weapons with them but only kitharai. Under interrogation they told the emperor that their dwellings were near the end of the Western Ocean, and that they had travelled for fifteen months in order to meet the chaganos (Baian) of the Avars, to whom they had to convey a message from their chieftains. When they left him, they decided to visit the Romans because they had heard about their wealth and philanthropy, and so they had arrived in Thrace. This paper aims to discuss the background of these informations, especially the geographical location of the regions “near the end of the Western Ocean”, the type of musical instruments, they carried with them, and the credibility of the narrative as a whole.

Quarters in the Municipal Authority System in Late Medieval Prussian Towns

Quarters in the Municipal Authority System in Late Medieval Prussian Towns

Author(s): Roman Czaja / Language(s): English / Issue: 119/2019

Keywords: urban history; Prussian towns; urban space; urban community; late medieval towns and cities

The article seeks to comparatively analyse the functions implemented in the Late Middle Ages by quarters in the main towns or cities of Prussia, including Rechtstadt Danzig (Main City of Gdańsk), Altstadt Königsberg (Old Town of Königsberg [today Kaliningrad]), Braunsberg (Braniewo), Altstadt Thorn (Toruń), and Kulm (Chełmno). Special attention is placed on answering the question of how the quarters participated in the municipal authority structures and the relationships between town councils and the commons. Quarters in Prussian towns developed since the fifteenth century, somewhat later than in East Central European towns. Establishment of these units was based on several premises: organisation of fiscal accountancy, fire safety concerns, military purposes, and town councils’ strivings to reinforce control over the dwellers. Influenced by the city revolts at the beginning of the fifteenth and in the sixteenth century, town councils took efforts to create a system of mobilisation and communication with the inhabitants that would work without the intermediation of guilds (as in Elbing [Elbląg], Danzig, and Thorn). Subordination of the older quarters to the municipal authorities caused, moreover, that in the face of internal or external threat, the community appeared as a community ruled by town councillors.

Justice and Propaganda. “Polish atrocities” Trials in the Annexed Eastern Territories in the Press and Journalism 1939-1945

Justiz und Propaganda. „Polengreuel“-Prozesse in den eingegliederten Ostgebieten in Presse und Publizistik 1939-1945

Author(s): Maximilian Becker / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Justice; Propaganda; “Polish atrocities”; Trials; Annexed Eastern Territories; Press; Journalism; 1939-1945;

During the Polish-German war in September 1939 about 4000-5000 Volksdeutsche were killed by Poles in anti-German riots. These events, which in some cases were a reaction to engagements between Polish troops and German subversives, suited German propaganda well: Newspaper articles about the incidents accused the Poles and their government of atrocities against the German minority and claimed that the killings aimed at the extinction of the whole German population in Poland. Therefore the numbers of victims was declared to amount to 58 000 in February 1940. The “September crimes” were used to intensify the negative image of the Poles. Newspaper articles about the alleged Polish atrocities were designed to justify the German occupation and the German reprisals against the Polish civilian population. In the context of propaganda, court trials played a central role. German special courts were set up in the occupied territories right after the Wehrmacht had invaded Poland. Their most important duty in 1939-40 was to penalize the alleged murder of Volksdeutsche by Poles. Because court proceedings followed a formal “legal corset”, they were assigned a high degree of credibility and were seen as objective. It was their purpose to prove the incidents and to punish the perpetrators. Moreover, the courts were asked to verify that the “mass murder” of Volksdeutsche was ordered by the Polish government and military and that “the whole Polish people were guilty” of this. With these conclusions the courts confirmed the propaganda tale. Therefore, especially in the annexed Polish territories, but also in the Reich, newspapers reported constantly about the trials. The account of the Polish crimes took up most of the space in these articles, but they also told the reader that the proceedings were held according to the law and thus emphasized the supposed objectivity of the trials. The public of the proceedings and their depiction in the newspapers enabled the courts to fulfil their core task: to legitimate the occupation and the anti-Polish measures.

Clustering the Eco Member Countries based on Their Socio-Economic Indicators by using the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis Method

Sosyo-ekonomik göstergelerine göre ECO üyesi ülkelerin hiyeraşik kümeleme metoduyla kümelenmesi

Author(s): Selahattin Kaynak,Yalda Rashid / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: Socio-Economic; the ECO Member Countries; Hierarchical Cluster Analysis Method;

Socio-economic development involves the processes dealing with economic growth along with structural and human development. In research studies carried out in order to investigate and compare the development levels of countries, regions, and provinces, mostly, socio-economic and cultural parameters demographics, health, education, culture, income, employment, poverty, life quality and environment are used. The aim of the current study is to cluster the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) member countries on the basis of their socio-economic indicators by using the hierarchical cluster analysis method. Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), an international organization, was established in 1985 to sustain the economic processes of the member countries. Depending on their socio-economic indicators, Turkey and Iran are the most developed countries of the ECO. As to Afghanistan and Pakistan, they fall into the cluster of least developed countries by sharing lots of similarities in terms of their socio-economic indicators.

Determinants of the attractiveness of telework before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic

Determinanty atrakcyjności wykonywania telepracy w przeddzień wybuchu pandemii COVID-19

Author(s): Dorota Walentek / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: telework; remote work; determinants of undertaking telework; COVID-19.

Telework, also known as remote work, is now an increasingly popular work system in Poland and around the world. However, the reasons for undertaking remote work by individual teleworkers may be different. The article contains a literature review in terms of both the explication of the concept of teleworking and the motives for undertaking it. The results of the author’s study were also presented, the aim of which was to identify the most important factors influencing the interest in teleworking among students. It was shown that the main motivating factors to work remotely are flexible working hours, the ability to work anywhere in the world and independent work organization. The study was a pilot study carried out just before the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced the introduction of remote work in many organizations that had not used teleworking so far. The intention of the author is to conduct a similar study every one to two years in order to compare the main motives for undertaking remote work before and during the pandemic, or just after its completion.

A Business-cycle Model with a Modified Cash-in-Advance Feature, Government Sector and One-Period Nominal Wage Contracts: The case of Bulgaria

A Business-cycle Model with a Modified Cash-in-Advance Feature, Government Sector and One-Period Nominal Wage Contracts: The case of Bulgaria

Author(s): Aleksandar Vasilev / Language(s): English / Issue: 1(10)/2020

Keywords: business cycles; modified cash-in-advance constraint; one-period nominal wage contracts;

We augment an otherwise standard business cycle model with a richer government sector, and add a modified cash in advance considerations, and one-period ahead nominal wage contracts. In particular, the cash in advance constraint of Cooleyand Hansen (1989) is extended to include private investment and government consumption. This specification, together with the nominal wage rigidity, when calibrated to Bulgarian data after the introduction of the currency board (1999-2016), gives a role to money in propagating economic fluctuations. In addition, the combinations of these ingredients allows the framework to reproduce better observed variability and correlations among model variables, and those characterizing the labor market in particular.

Literatur oder Leben? Das gemeinsame Interesse an der DDR-Literatur und seine Grenzen

Literatur oder Leben? Das gemeinsame Interesse an der DDR-Literatur und seine Grenzen

Author(s): Wolfgang Emmerich / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2009

The author of the article gives an account of his encounters with literature specialists from East Germany. Those encounters go back to the early 1970s and their frequency increased in the last decade of the existence of the GDR. The fact that the author himself, as a teenager, escaped from East Germany had an influence upon his experience, although later, already as a citizen of West Germany he sympathized with the movement of 1968, and the main object of his scholarly interest became the literature of the GDR. In the period of the breakthrough, conspicuous differences between the literatures of divided Germany became visible: the subject matter of the East German literature had an existential meaning for East German authors and colleagues; it was related to their real life. For the Germanists of the FRD it was nevertheless ‚just‘ literature.

Functions of Phrasemes and Their Modifications in Polish and German Press Advertisements

Zu Funktionen von Phraseologismen und phraseologischen Modifikationen in deutschen und polnischen Werbeanzeigen

Author(s): Mariola Majnusz-Stadnik / Language(s): German / Issue: 3/2014

Keywords: phraseme; phraseme modification; press advertisement; functions

The aim of this paper is to determine the functions of phrasemes and their modifications in press advertisements. To ensure solid foundations for the above mentioned intention, the functions have been divided into 1) the ones resulting from the function of advertisements, and 2) the ones resulting from phraseme functions. Phrasemes in their “nature” contribute to the fact that thanks to their known form, addressees memorise the advertising message more quickly, because phrasemes become more quickly acquired thanks to the fact that they are based on well-known and recorded in the memory patterns, or thanks to associating the new elements of the phraseme with the old ones. In this way the effort necessary for fixing the new information in the memory is reduced. Thanks to their commonly known and unique form, phrasemes increase the reliability of the phrase and evoke positive emotions among potential customers. Besides, phrasemes and their modifications often perform advertising functions. First, thanks to the use of a commonly known phrase or a skillfully transformed modification, they focus potential customers’ attention on themselves, inviting them in this way to get to know the advertising text in more detail. Second, they may become informed not only about the existence of a product, but also about product or service benefits. Third, they may provide potential customers with the arguments supporting the idea of the product purchase. Besides, in the epoch of information overload and advertisements, advertisement creators conveying their message need to provide enjoyable entertainment to customers. Phrasemes and their modifications in advertisements perform this function, too.

German Loanword Dictionaries

Fremdwortbezogene Wörterbücher des Deutschen

Author(s): Ryszard Lipczuk / Language(s): German / Issue: 2/2013

Keywords: lexicography; German linguistic purism; loan word; dictionaries

In 1884 the leading purist of that time, Hermann Dunger, complained about the “foreign evil words” in German language. As Dunger noted, this could be recognised throughout many loan word dictionaries: “I have brought together no less than 91 names of authors, and a compilation of German loan word dictionaries created until now, whose authors remain, to a large extent, anonymous (Dunger 1884: 6). The following article seeks to distinguish three types of dictionaries with loan words as entries. These include 1) glossaries of loan words, where entries (words of foreign origin) are described. This particular type of dictionaries contains grammatical and etymological information, as well as an explanation of meaning of an entry or, occasionally, phonetic information (i.e. Köhler, Liebknecht and Weber); 2) Germanising dictionaries, which are of purist character and do not contain descriptions of entries, while their aim is to propose interchangeable expressions (or words) which could substitute the borrowed expressions (i.e. Campe, Dunger, Sarrazin and Engel); 3) descriptive-Germanising dictionaries that not only contain descriptions of entries, but also propose word equivalents (i.e. Heyse, Petri and Saalfeld)—some of them were reissued several times. Between 1800 and 1945 a large number of German dictionaries containing loan words as entries was created. A large proportion of these dictionaries sought to eliminate loan words. The period after 1945 seems to reveal a dominant role of descriptive lexicographic works, as well as Germanising dictionaries. Moreover, Germanising dictionaries containing solely loan words of English origin were also created.