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E-Learning perspectives in the integrated process of teaching and studying - English4pleasure.Wikispaces.Com

E-Learning perspectives in the integrated process of teaching and studying - English4pleasure.Wikispaces.Com

Author(s): Ela Vălimăreanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2013

Keywords: autonomy; self-study; e-learning; blending learning; integrated study skills; worksheets

A perfect way to develop proficiency in a foreign language is to make a well-balanced blend between the traditional learning commonly based on handbooks / different other activity materials and e-learning based on a wide range of internet resources. This present study focuses on a course design tailored to enhance students’ sense of autonomy and interest in learning and practising English both for general and specific needs. Called English4pleasure, this language resource is conceived as an online course support where students are invited to embark on an adventure of knowledge, curiosity and fun getting a bit of everything to start learning or keep on the good work of practising English. Thought to be followed on a daily basis but according to a personal working rhythm, this training programme launches an invitation for students to feel free to join anytime and particularly to get rid of their conventional way of studying a foreign language. English4pleasure.wikispaces.com is one of these online links that focuses on the integrated study skills testing specific and general English knowledge. Worksheets organised on a diversity of Working Weeks are centred on various materials to improve all study skills as well as Voc and Gram patterns. This modern way of learning/practising English particularly dedicated to students training in Tourism and Geography also offers them insights to different world cultures and civilisations, hit list destinations and fact files of tourist attraction and itineraries in their field of interest. The fundamental aim of this online course has been fully successful as shown in students’ positive feedback sent to the organiser and the obvious improvement of their knowledge. All their feelings are the compelling evidence of their enthusiasm and pleasure to explore the online course stretched on plenty of English website references, Worksheets dealing with Working Weeks, different Study Units, Test Samples as well as Specific Worksheets (Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening) for a deep revision. English learning can thus be very quickly improved and its routine study transformed into an exciting challenge and a rewarding experience. Invited to English4pleasure, by means of this strategy of fighting teaching/learning conformity, students will definitely make it a pleasure!

EST in the Academia: Discourse Communities and their Genres

EST in the Academia: Discourse Communities and their Genres

Author(s): Sonia Munteanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: Genres; discourse community; discipline specific discourse; ESP; EAP

The present investigation focuses on the discourse of hard sciences and engineering from the perspective of LSP and professional discourses. It is a comparative case-based study of the genres of academic engineering discourse and the genres of academic linguistic discourse, as well as the discourse communities that produce them. If genres are functional and structural units that run across disciplines with a consistent degree of formality and display remarkable popularity across most academic communities, then the task of identifying inconsistencies and possibly wider variation in the prototypicality is a challenging one. But where should one look for the source of such variation? The answer was offered by Swales (1990) who pointed out that in identifying and analyzing genres the most important source of insight is the very community that uses them. This study will look at the nomenclature of genres published in academic and professional journals of two disciplines – linguistics, more accurately languages for specific purposes, and engineering, that is, Mechatronics. The genres identified are discussed from the point of view of the labels they were given, and the meaning as it appears to be understood from the instructions and guide to possible contributors. A prominent place is given to the research paper and to the percentage of research papers published by each journal. In close relationship with the genres used, two concepts are explored: discourse community and discipline specific discourse. Discourse communities bring an ethnographic perspective on genre understanding. The study of discourse communities contributes to completing a more comprehensive view on professional communication and on discipline specific discourse. They are a necessary link in the complex interaction of social context and language use. Here, sociocultural theory intervenes and claims that discourse communities are first ‘communities of practice’, while the results of such conventionalized practices upon language use are the genres that communities produce, refine and perpetuate. Another related concept that arises from the study of social content, speakers and language use is that of ‘discipline specific discourse’. Recently, a large number of studies have focused on disciplinary variation in both discourse analysis and genre analysis. It has become an almost compulsory component in the investigation of English for Academic Purposes and English for Specific Purposes. An important role in the development of in-depth analyses of features that render the linguistic communication of a group of professionals as ‘specific’ to that discourse community has been played by corpus-based studies. The availability of computer programs to perform quantitative and qualitative investigations has contributed to identifying specific linguistic and rhetorical features as well as co-occurrence patterns in various disciplines. This seems to be the promise of new trends in English for

Are banks still institutions of public trust?

Czy banki nadal są instytucjami zaufania publicznego?

Author(s): Witold Gradoń / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2014

Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim

TRAVEL JOURNALS IN COMMUNIST ROMANIA. DESTINATION: FINLAND

JURNALE DE CALATORIE IN ROMANIA COMUNISTA. DESTINAȚIA: FINLANDA

Author(s): Paul Nanu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2018

Keywords: travel journal; Finland; communism; Romania; Helsinki;

During Romanian communism, one could witness the publication of several travel journals that facilitated the access of Romanian readers to information on Scandinavian countries, especially Finland. Despite restrictions on freedom of movement, several intellectuals managed to reach remote and often frozen Finnish shores. Two important aspects need to be pointed out at this moment; first,during communism, Romania has published considerably more writings on Finland than between 1990-2017. Second, one must notice that none of the authors has spent enough time on location, to have a first-hand assessment. They relied on information provided to them and their interpretation is, therefore, mechanical. Nonetheless, their works are correct, informative and educational. Maybe slightly too encomiastic in describing Finland in the detriment of Romania. However, these authors contributed greatly to bringing the two countries closer, otherwise Finland would have remained forever an unknown.

The National Language in the Poems of the 1848 Revolutionary Wave Writers

LIMBA NAŢIONALǍ ȊN IMAGINARUL POETIC AL SCRIITORILOR PAŞOPTIŞTI

Author(s): Petra Denisa Tcacenco / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: Romanian literary language; nineteenth century; nation; poetry;

The main objective of the article is to investigate the way in which the national language is perceived in the poetic imaginary of the nineteenth century Romanian writers. Having been studied inconsistently by the critics so far, this issue is, by contrary, from our point of view, one that is worth analyzing systematically. In the first place, a panoramic, wider study of this subject unwraps us a substantial perspective of the way the poets characterize the poetic language in the epoch. If features such as uniqueness, harmony, beauty and noble origin are the most common arguments advanced in the polemical debates that have at the core the question of language, then, we asked ourselves which are the features of the poetic language? Secondly, studying the national language from an aesthetic lookout as a poetic idiom, enable us to get an insight into the transition from an objective, ideological language to a more subjective, personal, creative facet of it. The immediate question that arises is how the conversion is done? Are the two alternative forms of language part of the same idiom or not? If at the dawn of the national literature the writers find language as a burden, once with the generation of poets belonging to the 1848 revolutionary wave the distrust became strong belief in the pragmatic force of words. For instance, the poetic language, as seen by Cezar Bolliac is a magic idiom, which has the power to reform the society and the individual, while Dimitrie Bolintineanu thinks that the language created by the poets has the duty to wake up in people the national awareness, making them realize that are one, united by their common past, history, traditions and will for independence. For Ion Heliade Rădulescu, the national language is an harmonious idiom that has a noble and superior origin: Latin. Taking everything into account, it is our belief that a history of the way poetic language has been viewed by its creators in the nineteenth century revolutionary uprising movement reveals the many dimensions the language is imagined in order to consequently shape the identity of a nation in its struggle for independence.

PEOPLE OF OLD TIMES IN TEODOR CORBEA’S INTERPRETATIONS (DICTIONESLATINÆ CUM VALACHICAINTERPRETATIONE)

NOROADELE VREMURILOR DE DEMULT ÎN TÂLCUIRILE LUI TEODOR CORBEA (DICTIONES LATINÆ CUM VALACHICA INTERPRETATIONE)

Author(s): Adrian Chircu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: Romanian Language; lexis; diachrony; Middle Age; Teodor Corbea; dictionary; encyclopaedism; people; populations;

: In this study, we intend to pursue the naming of the populations from Antiquity and Middle Ages, which TeodorCorbea, as an important representative of Romanian humanism, translated it from Latin to Romanian language using the word nărod (pl. năroade) and to analysethelinguistic methods he applied in order to reproduce as best as possible the meaning of these words in Romanian language, within the columns of his dictionary, called Dictioneslatinæ cum valachicainterpretatione. Our attempt is diachronic and will allow the interpretation of some specific language facts from the end of the 17th century, when the Romanian language was passing through essential transformations, due, especially, to the endeavours of the scholars of those times to offer to passionate learners a fine language with the purpose of facilitating either the learnings, or the histories spread in the files of the old writings.

LUCIAN BLAGA’S COSMOLOGICAL CONCEPT FROM THE PAPER THE DIVINE DIFFERENTIALS

CONCEPȚIA COSMOLOGICĂ A LUI LUCIAN BLAGA DIN LUCRAREA DIFERENȚIALELE DIVINE

Author(s): Ioan Scheau / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2019

Keywords: cosmology; genesis; The Great Anonymous; The Divine Differentials;

Abstract. The present paper presents Lucian Blaga’s concept from the paper The Divine Differentials, the first volume of The Cosmological Trilogy, which is considered by him the dome of its metaphysical system, but not the ending of it, because “metaphysics is not complete without an ensemble vision of cosmological nature”. The divine differentials becomes the place where minus-knowledge – as a method of capturing mysteries – may be applied, and this thing was impossible in the papers where this was theorized. The paper deals with all the matters of a cosmological system: the cosmic genesis, the generator (The great Anonymous), the human. Blaga asserts an indirect genesis accomplished through the divine differentials that represent infinitesimal fragments of the Whole. These integrate on the principle of the sufficient matching forming the formative units.

INITIATIC SEXUALITY AND RITUAL SYMBOLISM IN A ROMANIAN TALE

SEXUALITATE INIȚIATICĂ ȘI SIMBOLISM RITUALIC ÎNTR-UN BASM ROMÂNESC

Author(s): Liliana Danciu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2019

Keywords: rite of passage; sexuality; femininity/ masculinity; magic; fairy tale;

Sexuality has not really become "bad" except through the influence of Christian morality that demonizes the body and its "natural" instincts caused by the magnetic attraction of woman's beauty. The Romanian tale "Țugulea, fiulunchiașuluiși al mătușii" preservesequally the metaphysical dimension, the magical and ritualistic implications of sexuality in the complex process of male maturation, converting them into "story". Sexuality was considered very important, because it was directly related to fertility and, inevitably, to the perpetuation of life. As a result, since ancient times, specific rituals and rites (such as the rites of passage) have been practiced, through which boys were initiated to become men and the girls, wives and mothers. Associated with the night and, inevitably, its stars, with the subterranean darkness, its underground waters and its monstrous lives, female sexuality has been tabooed and loaded with countless negative stereotypes, so many fears of the masculinity, poetic connotations in the fairy tale through "tests", "thresholds" or "bridges" that must to be passed by the naive and ignorant young man to become a man.

AMOROUS EPISTOLARY INSERTIONS IN EPIC CORPORA

INSERȚII EPISTOLARE AMOROASE ÎN CORPUSURI EPICE

Author(s): Petronela Mureșan / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: love; letter; discontinuity; intertextuality; fiction; fragmentation

The paper aims to analyze literary texts that contain two types of letters: those that belong to the writer, addressed to real interlocutors, and those that circulate between the characters. Even if they borrow, formally, marks of the epistolary style, the literary letters have other functions than the real ones, and the instances of narrative communication are endowed with other features. The literary letter is subject to multiple readings, in the case of the letters between the characters, being, at the same time, a way of overcoming the narrator's omniscience. The letters between the characters appear in literary works through two narrative formulas: that of the epistolary novel and the letters inserted in the epic fabric of a novel. The epistolary novel is at the confluence of two literary species: the letter and the novel, which uses the simulation of authenticity, explicit emotion, enriched with subjective techniques and psychological analysis, such as introspection or retrospect, memory flow, voluntary or involuntary memory . The letter inserted in the literary works has a different status from the one in the epistolary novel, in the sense that it loses its autonomy, becoming an adjunct of the narrative. Therefore, the continuity of the discourse takes place in the epistolary novel, and in the novel with letters appears the split, the fragmentarism. The letter between the characters seems to be an episode in the narrative structure of the text, which it interrupts, being in reality the axis that supports the whole novel, along with the diary.

A RADIOGRAPHY OF ROMANIAN LANGUAGE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY (I.N. LAHOVARY – UPON THE CORRUPTION OF ROMANIAN LANGUAGE)

O RADIOGRAFIE A LIMBII ROMÂNE DE LA ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI AL XX-LEA (I. N. LAHOVARY – CUM S-A STRICAT LIMBA ROMÂNEASCĂ)

Author(s): Adrian Chircu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: Romanian culture; Romanian language; vocabulary; lexical dynamic; tendencies; neologism lexical borrowing; phraseology

In our study, we propose to discuss about a serial-article published in the pages of ConvorbiriLiterare journal, in successive issues, between the years 1910 and 1911, by the lawyer and politician I. N. Lahovary, who creates, similar to Maiorescu, a radiography of the Romanian language from his time, referring also to some moments from previous centuries which contributed to the development of Romanian language and left their mark on it. Reconsidering this contribution to the description of old language helps us understand much better in which direction the Romanian language went at some point in time.Lahovary’s approach is a critical one, focused especially on some of his contemporaries, who wanted Romanian language to achieve a new appearance, through the frequent request to various Latin-Romance borrowings and through the elimination of ancient words which had special meanings and an important role in the language, many of them belonging to the fundamental vocabulary.For an objective analysis, we will permanently refer to the content of the mentioned article, trying to emphasize the strengths of Lahovary’s critiques and to correlate his opinions with those of his illustrious contemporary TituMaiorescu or with other current ones. In this last case, we will analyse objectively the way in which the critiques brought in the past towards the tendencies flagged by I. N. Lahovary are validated after more than one hundred years.

DR. IOAN RAŢIU: “THE EXISTENCE OF A PEOPLE IS NOT DISCUSSED, IT IS SAID!”

DR. IOAN RAŢIU: „EXISTENŢA UNUI POPOR NU SE DISCUTĂ, SE AFIRMĂ!”

Author(s): Violeta – Luminiţa Şipoş / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2020

Keywords: fearless fighter; revolutionary in 1848; lawyer; memorandist; political conception; personality;

Dr Ioan Rațiu enlisted in the fight for the establishment of the unitary Romanian national state. He was noted as a tribune in the army of Avram Iancu, then he was president of the Romanian national party and was the basic leader of the Memorandum. He remained famous through the words addressed to the prosecutor, on May 23, 1894, in Cluj, at the Memorandum Process, when he gave the “guilty” verdict: “What is being discussed here is the very existence of a people. The existence of a people is not discussed, it is said. That is why we are not longer accused here, we are accusers”.He was born in Turda on August 19, 1828, and comes from a family certified in Transylvania at the beginning of the 14th century, a family ennobled by Prince Gabriel Bethlen, in 1625.He studied in Turda, Blaj, then in Cluj and Budapesta, where the Hungarian pasoptist revolution also caught him, a revolution that began on March 15, 1848.He returns to Transylvania and participates in the 1848 revolution led by Avram Iancu, being part of the “Legion of Auraria and Salinae”, leading numerous battles against the Hungarian hostages.After the revolution, he begins his law studies in Vienna. He was named doctor in law in 1857, his doctoral thesis having the title ‘Theses ex universa jurisprudentia et scientiis politicis”. Then he practised law in Budapest, Cluj, Alba Iulia, Turda and Sibiu.He fights all the time for the rights of Romanians and the ideal of national unity.He is imprisoned for the guilt of defending his people. Even after his liberation, he continues his struggle for national unity and Union with Romania.His personality remains a shining page of history, it was the spark that lit the flame of the achievement of the Union from 1 December 1918, from Alba Iulia.

TRADITIONAL MUSIC, AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT IN THE EVOLUTION OF ROMA MUSICIANS IN THE ROMANIAN PRINCIPALITIES

MUZICA TRADIȚIONALĂ ELEMENT ESENȚIAL ÎN EVOLUȚIA ROMILOR LĂUTARI DIN PRINCIPATELE DUNĂRENE

Author(s): Cristinel Constantin Roman / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2020

Keywords: Roma; slave; fiddler; traditions; music; cultural heritage; boyars; reign;

The Roma crafts played the role of connector in the relationship with the populations encountered during the journey to a better life (in one form or another this journey does not seem to have ended ). For Romania, the Roma musicians represented the musical professionalism that was the basis of sedentarism, managing their integration and cohesion with the native population. This process allowed the group to preserve its ancestral traditions but also caused a change in social and mentality. During the work, the role of the Roma ethnic group in the preservation, production and dissemination of different musical genres and categories in different historical periods is highlighted. The ethnic approach of the interpreters of the Romanian folklore represents a first step in emphasizing the economic role, of the fiddlers and of pride for the owners of fiddlers.The diversity of Romanian music highlighted by the involvement of fiddler Roma is a feature of intercultural dialogue. Aspects related to the relationship and historical evolution of the Roma are a priority in order to promote and preserve the cultural heritage.

Cultural Anamorphosis – ”A Nature of Addition” to the Hardships of History

ANAMORFOZA CULTURALĂ – O NATURĂ DE ADAOS LA VITREGIILE ISTORIEI

Author(s): Pompiliu Crăciunescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: cultural anamorphosis, (double) ignorance; bad history; M. Eminescu; M. Eliade; Grigore Vieru;

Starting from three major landmarks for highlighting the characters of Romanian culture - the hardships of history (M. Eliade), the critical spirit (G. Uscătescu / T.Maiorescu), the deficiency of historical sense / ignorance (M. Eminescu) -, my approach, mainly theoretically, focuses a phenomenon that I call cultural anamorphosis. This unfortunate phenomenon has three ways of manifestation - endogenous, exogenous and hybrid -, which we have delimited according to the determining factors. Thus, the endogenous cultural anamorphosis marks the collision between different cultural ideologies, the exogenous cultural anamorphosis comes from the collusion of the cultural sphere with the political ideology, and the third category, the most complex, is generated by the cultural-political-subjectivity mix (envy, contempt, ignorance). The examples mentioned for each category, as well as the brief case study (Grigore Vieru) illustrating hybrid cultural anamorphosis prove that the phenomenon studied is more of a reality that adds to the steps of history rather than an avatar of them.

Romania and Brazil: "elective affinities"

ROMÂNIA ȘI BRAZILIA: „AFINITĂȚI ELECTIVE”

Author(s): Cristina Petrescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: Romania; Brazil; culture; affinities; literature; poetry; Latinity;

Although it is less known, there is mutual admiration between Romania and Brazil, that has offered the opportunity for affectionate testimonies and impressive cultural results. Elena Teodorini, Haricleea Darclée, Florica Cristoforeanu and Mihail Plopschi in music, Samson Flexor, Ștefan Eleutheriades and Emeric Marcier in painting, Ghorghe Leonida, Dumitru Dornescu and Ion Mureșanu in sculpture, enjoyed a well-deserved artistic recognition in Brazil. At the same time, Canta Brasil group and samba music, Rodolfo Amoedo, Antônio Poteiro, Josélia Costandrade’s paintings and NeusaMoraes’s sculpture reverberated in the soul of the Romanian people, who has always showed an insatiable appreciation of “the country of Carnival”. In the second subchapter, we will approach the literary dialogue established by means of translations, recalling the decisive contribution made by the Romanian literary vanguard in setting the basis for the whole Brazilian modernism and finding that, as expected, Brazilian literature is better represented in Romania than vice versa. In the third and last chapter, we set out to articulate, through the prism of a poetic mirror that places in dialogue the poems of George Topîrceanu, Daniela Luminița Teleoacă, Ático Vilas-Boas da Mota and Luciano Maia, the Romanian vision on the Brazilian spirit and the image of Romania in the Brazilian imaginary. We will find, after analyzing several poems, that, while Romanian poetry appreciates the exoticism associated with Brazil and highlights everything that is foreign to our culture, Brazilian poetry tends, on the contrary, to assume a common identity, built on the foundation of a shared and specific Latinity. All these will give us a global image, but also an in-depth analysis of the Romanian-Brazilian dynamics, able to clarify not only the intercultural mechanisms, but also the identity of each culture.

Contemporary Panslavism – between Imperialism and Modernity

PANSLAVISMUL CONTEMPORAN – ÎNTRE IMPERIALISM ȘI MODERNITATE

Author(s): Constantin Tonu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: Panslavismș Austro-Slavismș Pan-Russianismș Slavophilismș Russian Imperialismș ”Holy Russia”

This paper analyses the way in which classical Panslavic theories are brought back to life and are reshaped in contemporary times, while trying to debunk the stereotype that Panslavism is a tsarist invention and can only be discussed in connection with Russian imperialism. As a movement, Panslavism originated in the first half of the 19th century among the Western and Southern Slavs, in a climate of crystallization of national sentiment. Until the Crimean War, the Slavs looked mainly to the West for guidance, to liberalism, to democracy, to safeguards for the rights of the individuals and of the nations – hopes that were channelled into Austro-Slavism. The Russian Pan-Slavism became prevalent only after the Crimean War, attempting to unite the Slavs spiritually (through Orthodoxy), linguistically (by establishing Russian as the official language of Slavdom) and politically, with Moscow at the centre of the new empire/federation. After a long Soviet period when Panslavism was (with some exceptions) forbidden and exiled, with the fall of the USSR we are witnessing a re-emergence of the Panslavic ideas. Although a large part of the followers of Panslavism continue to develop unifying Panslavic projects according to a hierarchical, centralized model (with Russia/Moscow at the centre), there are also theorists (like Mikhail Suslov, Boris Naimushin) who bring new perspectives, trying to highlight the positive aspects of pan-Slavism for the new democratic, multiculturalist context and to show the capacity of Panslavic projects to help overcome the tense postcolonial situation in the post-socialist space by reconfiguring the geography of the Slavic world according to decentralized, horizontal, open models that favor the periphery. The solutions for the realization of these imaginative reconfigurations come from two distinct but convergent areas: the religious and the political. Politically, Russia's "big brother" status is overtaken mainly by the sacrifice of Serbia during the 1999 NATO bombings – the event being interpreted as a crucifixion of Serbia for the Panslavic cause – and the Slavic integration initiatives of AleksandrLukashenko, as a result of which Minsk acquired the status of a Panslavic capital. From a religious point of view, the credit goes to Patriarch Kirill, who is trying, through a series of pilgrimages in the post-Soviet space, to establish the borders of "Holy Russia" – an imagined community that has many sacred centres located on the periphery and that includes not only the Eastern Slavic states, but also Moldova and Kazakhstan (just like Solzhenitsyn's model of post-Soviet Russia).

The relationship between lexicology and onomastics

RELAȚIA DINTRE LEXICOLOGIE ȘI ONOMASTICĂ

Author(s): Maria Diana Coman (Grou) / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: proper names; lexicon; onomastics; derivation; lexical-semantic fields;

Onomastics and lexicology are in a relationship of interdependence, complementing each other.The romanian lexicon is characterized by a permanent passage of some words that migrate in onomastics, forming their own proper names.Words transferred to onomastics do not leave the lexical list, continuing to function both lexically and onomastically. There are differences between the lexical and the onomastic form that we will analyze in the content of the paper. Proper names are fixed in the vocabulary, creating a new word (simple, derived or compound). Through this characteristic, the vocabulary of the Romanian language receives new meanings and words, and the onomastics by bringing in the language some unique procedures of word formation determines the enrichment of the vocabulary. The main purpose for the study is that to offer a new interpretation of the relationship between lexicology and onomastics in connection with the grammar, semantics and stylistics of the Romanian language. Another objective of the research was to observe in detail the procedures underlying the organization of vocabulary, the structure and composition of the Romanian lexicon, as well as the differences or similarities between vocabulary elements and proper nouns.The selection of the working material was made according to certain criteria such as:chronological criterion, thematic criterion and geographical criterion. In conclusion, my research offers many perspective to identify what kind of relationship is established between lexicology and onomastics for the linguists.

The garlic in the traditional Romanian mentality

AIUL/USTUROIUL ÎN MENTALITATEA TRADIȚIONALĂ ROMÂNEASCĂ

Author(s): Delia Anamaria Răchișan / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2021

Keywords: garlic; ritual praxis; holidays; traditional society;

The paper aims to highlight the impact that the garlic (lat. Allium sativum) has on the traditional Romanian mentality. In the ontological universe of the Romanian village, the garlic is a plant with an apotropaic, thaumaturgical, utilitarian role. Having a strong impact on the collective mentality, the garlic is an indispensable medicinal plant for the human beings, a true universal panacea, a remedy for the household animals killed by the disease. We intercept a cumulation of fundamental functions (protection, initiation, conscious mediation between microcosm and macrocosm, curative, ritual-magic-symbolic, utilitarian, etc.). Not coincidentally, the garlic can be correlated both with various folk categories ̶ cimilituri [riddles], enchantments, legends, proverbs, ̶ as well as with important holidays over the year ̶ Sângiorz [Saint George], Sântandrei [Saint Andrew], Sântvasâi [Saint Basil]. In the world of the Romanian village, it is believed that the garlic, the Christophore plant, possesses a head and a cross. The prohibition to consume ai on certain holidays (The Beheading of the Holy Prophet John the Baptist ̶ 29 Gustar [August]; The Day of the Cross ̶ 14 Răpciune [September]), in the traditional community, is now respected with holiness. Starting from the binary empirical thinking ̶ scholarly thinking, we will consider both the regional names of garlic and also the scientific name. The synchronic analysis, the ritual praxis, the interdisciplinary perspective enhances the complexity of the garlic, the impact it has on the Romanian folk thinking.

From Mythology to the Fiction Games in the Novel Prevestirea [The Omen] by Ioana Parvulescu

DE LA MITOLOGIE LA JOCURILE FICȚIUNII IN ROMANUL PREVESTIREA, DE IOANA PARVULESCU

Author(s): Maria Holhoș,Andra Gabriela Holhoş / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2021

Keywords: prophet; myth; time journey; voices; omen;

The novel The Omen is set within a time journey having as a starting point the eighth century BC and proves itself a captivating mythical drama. The main character is inspired by the biblical prophet Iona from the Old Testament. The biblical texts directly referring to this apparently insignificant prophet are scarce. What gives substance to the novel is the author’s effort to offer the reader the background and spirit of the epoch. The particularity of the novel is given by the sequencing of the events narrated by the story-tellers followers of the prophet, starting with his daughter Esther, and continuing with his granddaughter Hulda followed by other descendants for several centuries. The author’s ingenuity is proved by the use of those voices, vaguely sketched entities, by means of which the thread of the story is conveyed over ages. An artifice in the narrative strategy is the outlet from the time of the story and the time of the story-telling: some discretely mentioned details draw the reader’s attention to the fact that he left behind the ancient events and finds himself in the Middle Ages, then in the interwar period, and later even in the present technological era of internet and mobile cell phones. Dominated by the biblical myth with spiritual, philosophical, esthetic stakes, this novel can be considered a warning for the ever more desacralized society, often facing the struggle for survival, a fact illustrated even by the time of the publishing of the literary work, whose title gets an anticipatory value.

ATTITUDES TOWARDS READING – TEACHING CHALLENGES

ATITUDINI FAȚĂ DE LECTURĂ – PROVOCĂRI DIDACTICE

Author(s): Adina Curta / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: reading; literary competency; advised reader; superficial reading; arrogant reading;

In a scholarly context, reading, particularly reading of literary texts, is an eminently formative activity. The new paradigm of teaching literature in school, namely the personal development of the student, raises the question of the various types of reading practiced, of the strategies at play and of the recognition of the student's levels of competency. The literary competency is formed in time and its objective is that of forming and maintaining the students' interest for reading, as students are to become advised readers. Well described and structured within the European Framework for literary studies in secondary education (LiFT-2), briefly The European Framework for literary studies (CEL), levels of competency and the components of the act of reading (students – books - didactics), related to activities (transitions) that should provide coherence to a compact descriptive ensemble, aims are improving students' literary competency. In a practical context, nevertheless, a possible spin out shouldn't be ignored, one that could pose difficulties in forming a literary competency. Namely, we refer to arrogant reading, a form of superficial reading, which flaws through the positionality in self-sufficiency. Avoiding this spin out becomes, thus, a responsibility to be assumed, a didactic challenge to consider.

SHOES, UMBRELLAS AND FUNERALS - THE FUNERAL RITE AS DRAMATIC ART WITH THE AUTHOR MATEI VIȘNIEC

PANTOFI, UMBRELE ȘI ÎNMORMÂNTĂRI – RITUL FUNERAR CA SPECTACOL LA MATEI VIȘNIEC

Author(s): Georgeta Orian / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: Matei Vișniec; dramatic arts; funeral rites; Romanian folklore;

The novel Iubirile de tip pantof, iubirile de tip umbrelă... [Shoe-like Loves, Umbrella-like Loves...] allows the writer Matei Vișniec to play a fictional game with several stakes, some of which of pragmatic intentions – theory and application of fragmentarism, analysis of the self with the aim to find the starting point for the great journey of art (in particular of the dramatic art) and the resort to an identity nucleus (the birth place) turned into a symbol etc. The intentions behind the present text will focus on these premises, as here the author proves to be a mediator of traditional culture/mentality between his country of birth and his country of adoption, France, and, through his fame, to any country the novel would be translated in. The present article analyses the modality in which the funeral rite as is known in the Romanian folklore represents the starting point for Matei Vișniec's dramatic art.