Brain Gain: Kako vratiti, zadržati i dovesti stručnjake u BiH?
Brain Gain: How to return, retain and bring experts to Bosnia and Herzegovina?

Author(s): Boriša Mraović, Sara Nikolić, Emina Ćosić
Subject(s): Economy, National Economy, Sociology, Demography and human biology, Migration Studies, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Published by: Grupa 484
Keywords: Brain Gain; Bosna i Hercegovina;
Summary/Abstract: According to existing estimates, 650,000 people left Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1989 and 1994, which caused a population decline of 14.7%. In this wave of migration, the percentage of emigrants with higher education was 28.6%.2 Although precise data on the brain drain from BiH do not exist, according to the UNESCO report "Science, Technology and Economic Development in Southeastern Europe" from 2005, 79% of researchers, 81% of masters, and 75% of PhDs left the country from 1995 to the present day.3 Furthermore, in the same period, 260,000 children of primary and secondary school age, many of whom have by now obtained university and post-graduate education.4 This is a trend that is present in the entire region, where up to 70% of highly qualified professionals leave their country of origin,5 which does not benefit the establishment of a knowledge-based economy and does not contribute to the overall development of the societies of the Western Balkans. Estimates by the Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees (MHRI) indicate that the current number of emigrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina is about 1,350,000 people, which is about 26% of Bosnia and Herzegovina. population. In addition to the fact that Bosnia and Herzegovina is today one of the primary exporters of migrants to OECD countries, it is also the second largest recipient of remittances from abroad in Eastern Europe (right after Moldova). Remittances from abroad currently make up 19.7% of BiH. gross national product (World Bank, 2008).6 Furthermore, trends indicate that intensive migration will continue during the process of approaching the European Union.

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