Либерален и селективен подход в насърчаването на преките чуждестранни инвестиции, тенденции в България в периода 2014-2025 г.
Library and Selective Approach in Promoting Foreign Direct Investments, Trends in Bulgaria in the 2014-2025 Period

Author(s): Miglena Mileva
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Economic policy, International relations/trade
Published by: Университет за национално и световно стопанство (УНСС)
Keywords: liberal; selective; approach; promotion; investment
Summary/Abstract: General trends in the promotion of foreign direct investment (FDI) show that there are two main trends in FDI attraction policies: A liberal approach where investment incentives are very limited and rely mainly on the market as a regulator of FDI flows; Selective approach – Governments use a range of measures, financial and administrative, to encourage investment in sectors they consider promising and restrict market access to investments that do not meet certain criteria. Global trends show that in today's world of increasing integration of economies and a global market, the role of foreign direct investment and the entry of multinational companies into countries on different continents can be seen as a factor for the internationalization of economies. FDI trends in Bulgaria are analysed on the basis of the BNB database and an information system. A review of the 100 companies with the largest revenues in Bulgaria shows that their distribution by sector and by region is uneven. The top 100 companies with the highest revenues in 2023 /according to data from Apis/ in Bulgaria are 43 Bulgarian, the remaining 57 are with foreign participation / control. This shows a significant share of Bulgarian enterprises. The distribution of FDI by country largely repeats the distribution by source country of FDI according to BNB data for the last few years. An overview of the distribution by district shows that most are based in Sofia /65/, while there are districts where there are none of the top 100 enterprises by revenue. Ten of the companies in the top 100 by revenue have received an investment class certificate under the Investment Promotion Act (IPA). The data shows that cities with higher GDP per capita attracted more FDI. There is also a correlation between attracting FDI and GVA in industry and services sectors.

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