A Debreceni Csokonai Nemzeti Színház épületének rekonstrukciója 2018, 2020-2023
The reconstruction of The Csokonai National Theatre in Debrecen 2018, 2020-2023

Author(s): Csaba Gajdos
Subject(s): Theatre, Dance, Performing Arts, Museology & Heritage Studies, Architecture
Published by: Pécsi Tudományegyetem Művészeti Kar Művészettörténet Tanszék
Keywords: theatre reconstruction; heritage preservation; Csokonai National Theatre; Debrecen; architectural restoration; historic theatre; proscenium arch; cast-iron structure; auditorium renovation; cultural heritage
Summary/Abstract: The study examines the reconstruction of the Csokonai National Theatre in Debrecen between 2018 and 2023, focusing on both architectural heritage and modern theatrical requirements. The theatre was originally designed by Antal Szkalnitzky and built between 1861 and 1865 after several earlier plans and locations had been considered. Over nearly 160 years, the building underwent continuous modifications due to evolving fire safety regulations, audience expectations, and technological developments in theatre operation. The reconstruction project aimed to preserve the historical character of the building while creating a modern and functional theatre space with more than 600 full-view seats. The architects redesigned the entrance hall to make it brighter, more spacious, and more elegant by relocating staircases and reusing the former carriage passage as a windbreak area. During demolition works, previously hidden historical architectural elements and decorative wall paintings were discovered beneath later stair structures. The study also presents a detailed investigation of the theatre’s proscenium arch, revealing a complex hidden structural system combining steel, brick, wood, and arch construction techniques. Another important finding concerned the balcony supports, where original cast-iron cantilevers had been shortened during construction and later concealed within heavy stucco decorations. The renovation removed visually obstructive columns from the auditorium while preserving the original parapets and significantly increasing audience capacity. Overall, the project demonstrates how historical preservation and contemporary theatre functionality can be successfully integrated in the reconstruction of a living cultural monument.

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