AI as a Decision Support Tool in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: A Literature Review and Trend Analysis
AI as a Decision Support Tool in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: A Literature Review and Trend Analysis

Author(s): Santiago Salimbeni, Santiago Nicolet
Subject(s): Social Sciences
Published by: Udruženje ekonomista i menadžera Balkana
Keywords: AI; Prostate cancer; Diagnosis; Decision support tool
Summary/Abstract: Advances in AI (AI) have greatly enhanced prostate cancer diagnosis (PCaD). This systematic review (2022–2025) evaluates recent developments, techniques, and the effectiveness of AI-based decision support tools. Convolutional neural networks and generative adversarial networks (GANs) are the most prevalent methods, applied to MRI image classification, lesion detection, segmentation, and image enhancement. These approaches improve lesion localisation, diagnostic precision, and consistency among radiologists and pathologists, while multi-modal systems help reduce unnecessary interventions. Despite progress, key challenges include data heterogeneity, limited model generalisability, and lack of interpretability. Future directions highlight AI-driven risk stratification, streamlined MRI protocols, and integrated imaging pathways. Overall, AI offers promising tools for earlier detection and more personalised, efficient, and patient-centred management of prostate cancer.

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