Self-Discrimination among Women in the CEECs
Self-Discrimination among Women in the CEECs

Author(s): Baha KALINOWSKA-SUFINOWICZ
Subject(s): Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Human Resources in Economy
Published by: Икономически университет - Варна
Keywords: self-discrimination; women; labour market
Summary/Abstract: Background and aim: The main purpose of the paper is to consider the phenomena of personal and group self-discrimination among women in the context of professional advancement. Scope: The spatial scope includes countries of Central and Easter Europe, namely, Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The time frame covers the years 2004-2024. Methods: A literature review and critique, methods of descriptive statistics are used to assess the mechanism of appearance of self-discrimination. Conclusions: The analysis reveals that the female participation among managers is lower than among men despite the higher education indicators in the CEECs in 2004-2024. Personal and group self-discrimination stem from invisible powers (glass phenomena) appearing in organisations. Their mechanism is based on stereotypical thinking about the roles of gender in society, which weaken women' (a glass ceiling) and concurrently strengthen men’ (a glass escalator) opportunities of getting managerial positions. Originality: The issue of self-discrimination of women has not been described in the literature and is an innovative approach on the economics from a gender perspective. Practical implications: A thorough examination of the phenomena of personal and group self-discrimination against women requires a shift in survey questions towards inclusivity and non-discrimination.

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