Митата като геополитически инструмент
Tariffs as a Geopolitical Tool

Author(s): Oleg Dimov
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, International relations/trade, Geopolitics
Published by: Университет за национално и световно стопанство (УНСС)
Keywords: tariffs; geopolitics; differential rent; fiscal instrument; economic pressure; national security; trade sanctions; international dependencies; WTO/GATT
Summary/Abstract: The report analyzes the transformation of tariffs from a traditional fiscal tool into a powerful instrument of geopolitical influence. Historically, tariffs emerged as indirect taxes levied on goods crossing borders, serving as a key source of state revenue. Over time, their role expanded – from protecting domestic industries to being used for sanctions, pressure, and strategic reordering of international dependencies. The author interprets tariffs as a form of second-degree differential rent, drawing on classical and neoclassical economic theories. The report outlines the evolution of tariffs – from city-state levies in antiquity to elements of national security in the 21st century. Case studies include the US–China trade war, EU sanctions against Russia, and export controls between Japan and South Korea. Tariffs are no longer just border taxes – they are tools for exerting control over economic and political power in the global geoeconomic landscape.

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