Muzyka na Śląsku Cieszyńskim
Music in Cieszyn Silesia
Contributor(s): Bogumiła Mika (Editor), Magdalena Szyndler (Editor)
Subject(s): Theatre, Dance, Performing Arts, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Music, History of Art
Published by: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Summary/Abstract: The land of Cieszyn Silesia has been inspiring artists, composers, and other creators of culture for years. In particular, the musical folk culture has been a stimilus for activity in the field of collating, analysing, and researching folklore material (songs, intrumental melodies), but also for creating based on the said folk music of new pieces, both following “classical” esthetics (stylizations) and “transformed” esthetic (among others, contemporary folk music along with its derivatives). Cieszyn Silesia is a place of scholarly research most of all due to its rich historical and cultural past, to which the text composing this publication testify. (A fragment from the Introduction)
Series: Kultura, Sztuka, Muzyka
- E-ISBN-13: 978-83-226-3568-1
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-83-226-3567-4
- Page Count: 152
- Publication Year: 2018
- Language: Polish
Panorama życia kulturalnego Śląska Górnego i Cieszyńskiego w XIX i XX wieku – tradycje, wektory, zróżnicowania
Panorama życia kulturalnego Śląska Górnego i Cieszyńskiego w XIX i XX wieku – tradycje, wektory, zróżnicowania
(The panorama of the cultural life of Górny Śląsk and Śląsk Cieszyński in the 19th and 20th century – traditions, vectors, diversity)
- Author(s):Jolanta Szulakowska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Music
- Page Range:9-25
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:Śląsk Cieszyński and Górny Śląsk; contexts; history; culture; social movements; Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft – comparative studies
- Summary/Abstract:vIn the present work the author attempted to emphasise both the similarities and the differences which characterise the culture of both Silesian regions, formulating this outline against the background of historical and social changes which began to occur in the 18th century. In reference to the Cieszyn region one should emphasise especially the culture-forming, protestant work ethic and the positivistic social activity (based on the ranks of burghers, courtly culture, the influence of Vienna models, deeper reliance on folk songs, the atmosphere of religious tolerance which lasted many years or the full-scale education and orientation toward individualism. The opposite Upper Silesian borderland mentality of constant preparedness was marked by exclusivity of Catholic origin, a higher degree of conservatism, a lack of opinion-making strata, greater engagement of religious output written under the influence of the Catholic Church or the folk-patriotic contamination of the Romantic idea. The choir movement was more developed there, the infiltrations of the works of Karol Szymanowski were more evident, and the works which was somewhat reminiscent of the works of German Neoromantism were written due to the less developed estate of burghers. Due to a number of similarities and differences one may suggest a dichotomy of cultural images, images which arose in both parts of Silesia, if we make recourse to well-known concepts of Tönnies – the Upper Silesian Gemeinschaft, i.e. the organically united community on the basis of custom, neighbour-related relations of personality and faith, and Gesellschaft, i.e. an arbitrary association, society which functions on the basis of convention, formalised law, stimulating the development of social roles.
- Price: 4.50 €
Rozwój folklorystyki na Śląsku Cieszyńskim – pierwsze badania
Rozwój folklorystyki na Śląsku Cieszyńskim – pierwsze badania
(The development of folklore studies in Śląsk Cieszyński – the first instances of research)
- Author(s):Magdalena Szyndler
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Music
- Page Range:26-37
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Śląsk Cieszyński; first instances of research; musical folklore;folklore studies;
- Summary/Abstract:As early as at the beginning of Śląsk Cieszyński there were conducted first instances of field research devoted to the collection of song repertoire (1819 – the appeal of the Association of the Friends of Music of the Austrian Empire in Vienna – Společnost přáatel hudby rakouskĕho mocnářctvi). This action prompted the reaction of priests, teachers, the supporters of the social movement, which was testimony of their considerable historical – especially regional – awareness. Further area explorations were conducted by both Polish and Czech scholars. Successive collections of songs were compiled (A. Cinciała, B. Hoff, R. Zanibal. P. Stalmach, W. Kisza, A. Hławiczka, K. Hławiczka, J. Tacina, K. Piegza, F. Pustówka, J.S. Bystroń and others), which to this constitute an invaluable source of folk vocal repertoire.
- Price: 4.50 €
Krystyna Turek – badacz folkloru i pedagog. Przyczynek jubileuszowy
Krystyna Turek – badacz folkloru i pedagog. Przyczynek jubileuszowy
(Krystyna Turek – a researcher of folklore and a teacher. An anniversary contribution)
- Author(s):Bogumiła Mika
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Music
- Page Range:38-50
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Krystyna Turek; folklore; thanatology; cultural heritage;Silesian folk songs;
- Summary/Abstract:The present article is devoted to a well-known researcher of folklore and a teacher – Krystyna Turek. She is one of the people who enrich the musical culture of Górny Śląsk and Śląsk Cieszyński with their life and their scholarly activity. Her research interests are focused on the problems of the musical culture of the Silesian region – they were initiated during her studies in the Katowice-based Academy of Music. In 1973, working under the supervision of prof. dr hab. Adolf Dygacz, Turek began her proper scholarly activity devoted to Silesian folklore studies. In the course of years Turek’s circle of research interests expanded and as a result it covered such areas as: folk vocal and dance-based works of various professions and communities, an analytical overview of the sources of folklore, religious themes in songbased works, the problems of modern thanatology, especially the traditional and the modern customs of the time of death, the cultural heritage of Śląsk, the output of distinguished folklorists and the researchers of folk culture, their life paths and scholarly achievements. Turek is the author of 170 publications, including ten books and over 130 articles.
- Price: 4.50 €
Wybrane sylwetki muzyków ewangelickich na Zaolziu
Wybrane sylwetki muzyków ewangelickich na Zaolziu
(Selected profiles of Evangelical musicians in Zaolzie)
- Author(s):Alojzy Suchanek
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Music
- Page Range:51-58
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:the Cieszyn land; the profiles of Evangelical musicians; the music-related figures of Zaolzie
- Summary/Abstract:The article was written to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the reformation of the Church by Martin Luther in Wittenberg. It presents selected profiles of Evangelical musicians in Zaolzie. Even though the subject matter of the present overview focuses on the personages which were distinguished, it does not venture to present a complete image of the music life of Zaolzie at all, which is deeply rooted in the history and the tradition of the entire Śląsk Cieszyński. This premise is also reflected by the election of memoirs, devoted to some and not all musical figures of Zaolzie, even though they would merit attention as well. In this context musicians and songsters, soloists, teachers of music, composers or the representatives of musical folklore, who occupy a prominent place of distinction among the number of significant figures of the Cieszyn land.
- Price: 4.50 €
Muzyczne tradycje wiślańskich luteranów
Muzyczne tradycje wiślańskich luteranów
(The musical traditions of Wisła Lutherans)
- Author(s):Arleta Nawrocka-Wysocka
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Music
- Page Range:59-68
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Lutherans; the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession; Wisła; hymnal song;folk tradition;
- Summary/Abstract:For the residents of Wisła, the basis of identity is associated with both Silesianness as well as the Lutheran faith, therefore in the article the musical tradition is presented as a whole which involves both the religious and the folk sphere. Almost from its inception Wisła remained the only place which was inhabited by an Evangelical majority. In spite of this, the research works and the sources always treated the two trends of tradition – the religious and the folk one – separately. Even though the collectors and the field researchers were aware of the different religion of the residents of Wisła, they usually confined their records and sketches exclusively to the folk legacy. The gap in the knowledge of the religious repertoire was partially filled in by the field research conducted by the author in the years 2006–2008 within the framework of the realisation of a research project. The most interesting and the one which reflects the religious diversity of the residents of Wisła best is the ceremony-related repertoire – both the religious and the secular one. The annual ceremony-related annual cycle which occurs in Wisła was subordinated, on the one hand, to the progression of the seasons of the year, one the other hand to the calendar which was introduced by the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession. Both of these rhythms exist in mutual harmony and they complement each other perfectly, determining the day-to-day life of the residents. An exceptional phenomenon, which is peculiar exclusively to this region (and therefore also Wisła itself), was associated with the singing of table songs before the Christmas Eve supper and after it. This custom distinguished the Evangelical community of Śląsk Cieszyński not only from the Catholic neighbours but also from Evangelicals in the remaining parts of the country.On the basis of instances of comparison we may conclude that on the custom-related plane the influences of Evangelicalism brought about the reduction of the number of folk customs, the limitations of the number of props and decorations and the simplification of the dramatic course of ceremonies. The ceremonies associated with magic (such as the so-called drowning of the marzanna, sobótki) were eliminated almost completely from the set of annual celebrations of the Evangelical community.Whereas in the early years the folk ceremonies and religious customs functioned in a natural manner, nowadays the maintenance of tradition requires special effort and care. Such a role of guardians of tradition is performed mainly by the senior residents of Wisła who raise new generations in the Cieszyn and Evangelical spirit and who present departing customs in the forum of the parish or at the stage during festivals. A peculiar custom was associated with the singing and the performance by means of the trombita of both secular pieces – usually pastoral ones – as well as religious hymns.The fact that many religious and secular songs shared a common context, for they were performed alongside each other during annual ceremonies, family customs, the performance of daily chores and social meetings, exerted an influence on the form and the style of the performance of the said songs. A narrow ambitus and the pentachordal scale, sometimes extended by an additional fifth or seventh, is peculiar to folk songs, especially those which were recorder in the 1950s and which were written in the sources. A relatively large group of melodies also represents modal church scales – especially the Aeolian, Phrygian and Ionic ones. Some religious and folk melodies also feature cadence-related similarity. Moreover, it seems that the tempo of the performance of both repertoires was similar – it was very slow and it tempted the performance to adorn the melodic line with melisma. The modern performer who attempts to nurture the syncretic form of it, is continuously forced to make a choice. Especially women, in their own field, are reluctant to perform secular repertoire lest they incur a negative attitude on the part of the conservative Lutheran community. Doubts also continuously accompany Wisła songsters when they choose their repertoire to be performed at the regional or state-wide festivals. They do not decide to present “pieśniczki z kancenoła” on the stage, for the latter, qualified by the committee to be “non-folk”, became a source of embarrassment and they present problems in terms of evaluation.
- Price: 4.50 €
Cieszyńskie prymaty folklorystyczne
Cieszyńskie prymaty folklorystyczne
(The folklore primacies of Cieszyn)
- Author(s):Zbigniew Jerzy Przerembski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Music
- Page Range:69-77
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Śląsk Cieszyński; Silesian highlanders; traditional music; folk music; musical instruments; ensembles;brass bands;
- Summary/Abstract:Śląsk Cieszyński is on of those now not so numerous parts of Poland in which relatively numerous manifestations of early folklore, which was not completely processed by the relentless gears folklorism, have been preserved to this day. This applies especially to the southern, highland part of the region – Beskid Śląski – for it is a region in which ensembles, where dudy and violins, piszczałki, and trombitas are still played, although usually in different circumstances and functions. The instruments continue to be made according to the early models, one dances the owięzioki dances and performs particular songs (kolędy) in the winter and in the summer.However, it was quite early, for at least at the turn of the 18th century, that the affluent Cieszyn region, could manage to introduce instances of “novelty” to its traditional culture – the latter include qualitative (although some are also purely quantitative) transformations of the instrumentarium of folk music, associated with the introduction to musical practice of other, especially non-traditional, and even non-folk instruments, including the spread of brass bands in the second half of the 19th century. This region also saw the emergence of significant innovations in the construction of musical instruments, including traditional instruments such as dudy. One may conjecture that the expansion of folk ensembles and the modifications of instruments was influenced to some extent historically by court and city ensembles, and in the modern period – by the changes of the performance-related situations from traditional to stage-based ones.Śląsk Cieszyński combines opposites: a folk musical tradition with innovations enforced by modern cultural transformations.
- Price: 4.50 €
Instrumenty i kapele ludowe w folklorze pieśniowym Śląska Cieszyńskiego
Instrumenty i kapele ludowe w folklorze pieśniowym Śląska Cieszyńskiego
(Folk instruments and ensembles in the song-based folklore of Śląsk Cieszyński)
- Author(s):Andrzej Wójcik
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Music
- Page Range:78-93
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Cieszyn ensemble; góralska ensemble; folk instruments; typology of ensembles; execution practice of ensembles; musicians; folk songs; song-based folklore; instruments in songs
- Summary/Abstract:The questions associated with the functioning of folk ensembles were the object of the interest of researchers who were or are engaged in the study of dance-based folklore, songs, folk instruments, costumes, ceremonies and customs. A typology of the instrumental folk bands of the Cieszyn region along with a discussion of the properties of execution-related practice, the function and the range of occurrence was outlined by Alojzy Kopoczek. Of relevance for the present work were the conclusions drawn from the research in the historical aspects of musical folklore which was heretofore conducted, including inter alia the variability of the properties of execution practice of the ensembles and the construction of the instruments. The researchers did not fail to take into account the dichotomous nature of Śląsk-Cieszyn folklore. An expression of this property – apart from the repertoire-related differences – has to do with the diversity of the instrumentarium of the ensembles. The activity of folk ensembles which usually played dance music inspired natural authors of songs. It was also reflected in proverbs, adages, riddles, memoirs and iconographical accounts. The present work focuses on the selected examples of song-based folklore. On the basis of these examples one confirmed the occurrence, in the inventory of folk Śląsk-Cieszyn songs, of expressions which are associated content-wise with musical activity – individual and ensemble-based instrumental musicianship, musician-related customs and situations which are conducive to the performance of (amateur) music. Without doubt these works constitute an expression of associative capabilities and the strict relationship of their creators “[...] with the currently practised execution-related apparatus” (K. Turek).
- Price: 4.50 €
Fryderyk Firla ostatnim bastionem sztuki lutniczej w Cieszynie
Fryderyk Firla ostatnim bastionem sztuki lutniczej w Cieszynie
(Fryderyk Firla as the last mainstay of the craft of making string instruments in Cieszyn)
- Author(s):Malwina Kołt
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Music
- Page Range:94-100
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Cieszyn; lutherie; guitar; Fryderyk Firla
- Summary/Abstract:For centuries Cieszyn prized itself on the development of various crafts, including artistic ones. In early times, craftsmen were organised in guilds to which people who exercised the same or a related profession belonged. There was a relatively lower number of instrument makers in Cieszyn, and information about them actually dates back to as late as the 18th century. Today one instrument maker’s workshop operates in this city – it is the Artistic Luthier’s Workshop of Fryderyk Firla, a luthier, a builder of classical instruments and copies of historical instruments. Various kinds of guitars, ranging from classical, historical and national, ethnic ones, are built in the workshop. Firla makes instruments by himself from scratch. His guitars are held in high estimation for their brilliant, warm and robust sound. Apart from building guitars, he repairs stringed instruments, zithers, dulcimers, lutes as well as other instruments.
- Price: 4.50 €
Utwory Jana Gawlasa odkryte na nowo. Spuścizna odnaleziona w zbiorach Archiwum Śląskiej Kultury Muzycznej w Katowicach
Utwory Jana Gawlasa odkryte na nowo. Spuścizna odnaleziona w zbiorach Archiwum Śląskiej Kultury Muzycznej w Katowicach
(The works of Jan Gawlas rediscovered. Pieces of heritage found in the collections of the Archive of Śląsk Musical Culture in Katowice)
- Author(s):Hanna Bias
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Music
- Page Range:101-116
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:chronology; creative output; folklore; education; Nachlass; manuscripts;artist;
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the article is to recall the figure of Jana Gawlas and his wide-ranging activities. On the basis of the Nachlass which was found in the collections of the Archive of the Silesian Musical Culture one developed a chronology of the life and works of the composer, presenting his figure through the prism of works which were recently rediscovered. Moreover, communion with Gawlas’ works enabled the author to outline the personal features of the composer. Jan Gawlas – a composer, conductor, teacher, organist, organsiser of music life, president of the Karol Szymanowski Academy of Music in Katowice, contributed to the development of Silesian musical culture. A peculiar feature of his output has to do with the drawing of inspiration from the beskidzki musical folklore.
- Price: 4.50 €
Muzyka folklorem Beskidów pisana
Muzyka folklorem Beskidów pisana
(Music written by the Beskidy folklore)
- Author(s):Danuta Zoń-Ciuk
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Music
- Page Range:117-127
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Jan Sztwiertnia; folk inspiration; folk melodies;vocal music;
- Summary/Abstract:In her article the author presented the figure of Jan Sztwiertnia – a composer, conductor, teacher, who was strictly associated with the Śląsk Cieszyński region. She performed an overview of the creative output motivated by the folklorist passion of the artist, with a particular focus on two compositions intended for a mixed a cappella choir. She also performed a melodic-harmonic, rhythmic and textual analysis of these words and she described the sonic language and the means of artistic expression which were applied. On the basis of folk sources which were found she described the extent to which the artist utilised them in his works. She also provided an insight into the execution-related problems which occurred during the realisation and she demonstrated the means to solve the said problems.
- Price: 4.50 €
Ryszarda Gabrysia muzyka „metamuzyczna”
Ryszarda Gabrysia muzyka „metamuzyczna”
(Ryszard Gabryś’s “metamusical” music)
- Author(s):Magdalena Dziadek
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Music
- Page Range:128-133
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Ryszard Gabryś; Polish music of the 20th and the 21st century; the avant-garde in music; metamusic;postmodernism;
- Summary/Abstract:The article familiarises the reader with the genesis and the evolution of Ryszard Gabryś’s creative output in the context of the biography of the composer. Attention was directed toward the peculiar cultural context which constituted the basis for the formation of the artistic views of Gabryś, including his consistent fascination by the avant-garde. The main trends of the creative interests of the artist, which covered – apart from “pure” music – poetry, theatre, performance, were confronted with the practical sphere of his activities as a columnist, organiser of musical life and a teacher. In all of these departments Gabryś achieved fulfilment as a person who transcended various divisions and boundaries, a person who challenged conventions. This pursuit also characterises the creative output of the artist, to which one began to apply the term “metamusic”. The premise of the “metamusic” of Gabryś was discussed on the basis of examples of his flagship works which originated from the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the present century.
- Price: 4.50 €
Od źródeł do ujścia. Tradycyjny folklor w dobie wpływów, inspiracji i przemian
Od źródeł do ujścia. Tradycyjny folklor w dobie wpływów, inspiracji i przemian
(From the source to the estuary. Traditional folklore in the age of influences, inspirations, and transformations)
- Author(s):Ewa Cudzich
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Music
- Page Range:134-138
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:tradition; folk music;folklorism;
- Summary/Abstract:For a dozen or so years, the Polish context has seen the expansion of the group of musicians who draw inspiration from source music, from pure, unprocessed forms, on whose basis they set out musical arrangements with reference to traditional melodies and the rediscovery of early, forgotten texts. Traditional music plays a significant role in the formation of ethnic and national identity. Is such a role also played by processed forms? Is it merely a trend in the multitude of genres of music? The text constitutes an attempt at answering these questions, although I am aware of the polydimensionality of this subject. The modern music scene, strictly associated with ethnic, traditional music, and finally with folk, is a remarkable field of research which is subject to constant transformations, but as the decades elapse, the said field requires a scholarly, ethnomusicological insight. In this context a significant role is played by the “guardians of tradition”, musicians who, on the basis of folk melodies, with an awareness of sources and identity, bravely venture outside stiff frames, defy attempts at classification, in order to create new projects which combine elements of tradition and modern music, creating new arrangements of early songs and melodies. The map of Polish folk music changes each year, new ideas constantly emerge, which make reference to some extent to traditional folk songs and melodies. However, of primary significance is the fact that also the recipient is supposed to receive musical content in a conscious manner; it is also one of the roles of the transmitter of the musical-verbal message that is significant. The source is supposed to remain recognisable, so that at the estuary the entity of the place, culture and ethnicity may be preserved.
- Price: 4.50 €
Jak wykreować „podwórkowy klimat”, czyli muzyka Zenona Kowalowskiego do serialu animowanego Reksio
Jak wykreować „podwórkowy klimat”, czyli muzyka Zenona Kowalowskiego do serialu animowanego Reksio
(How to conjure up a “backyard atmosphere”, or the music of Zenon Kowalowski to the Reksio animated series)
- Author(s):Katarzyna Babulewicz
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Music
- Page Range:139-151
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Reksio animated series; cartoon music; Zenon Kowalowski
- Summary/Abstract:The Reksio animated series was produced in 1967-1990 in the Animated Cartoon Studio in Bielsko-Biała. The musical setting of sixty four episodes was the work of Zenon Kowalowski (b. 1939), a composer and teacher, the author of music for over short subject and medium subject 150 films, an artist who had professional and family-related associations with Cieszyn. Even though the opening of Reksio constitutes one of the best-known fragments of Polish film music, heretofore the musical setting of the series has not been the object of treatment (apart from a BA thesis and an article of the author). The music of Reksia is distinguished by melodic richness, masterlful creation of humorous situations (which is not that obvious at all in the case of music intended for a children’s film, as it might have seen, assuming the music of the show’s contemporary foreign productions for comparison’s sake). Brilliant instrumentation is one of the highlights of the music. Each of the films received extremely well-thought out musical treatment, music tones in with the visual layer, although its variety is motivated not only by content-related themes, resulting from scripts, which were brilliant in their own right. Among interesting compositorial ideas one may mention e.g. the utilisation of the opening theme of the film as a Leitmotiv of a mountain trek or the illustration of a visit to a museum by music which is reminiscent of a Baroque concerto. The article presents a synthetic description of the musical setting of the entire series, and the conclusions are supplemented by fragments of statements of the composer himself, derived from an interview conducted by the author in 2012.
- Price: 4.50 €