Promišljanja aktuelnih društvenih izazova: regionalni i globalni kontekst
Reflections on Current Social Challenges: Regional and Global Context
Contributor(s): Ivana Arsić (Editor), Vladimir Mentus (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Sociology, Socio-Economic Research
Published by: Институт друштвених наука
Keywords: social challenges; regional context; global context; social sciences; demographic research; legal studies; sociological research
Summary/Abstract: This edited collection represents an ideational project by young researchers from the Institute of Social Sciences (ISS), aiming to present their findings across various multidisciplinary fields including demography, law, economics, sociology, and political science, while addressing contemporary regional and global social challenges.
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-86-7093-238-8
- Page Count: 278
- Publication Year: 2020
- Language: Serbian
Starosni model rađanja u Srbiji i državama Evropske unije – izazov pronatalitetnim politikama
Starosni model rađanja u Srbiji i državama Evropske unije – izazov pronatalitetnim politikama
(Age pattern of childbearing in Serbia and EU countries – challenge to pronatalitic policies)
- Author(s):Ivana Magdalenić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Demography and human biology, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
- Page Range:9-25
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:fertility; age pattern of childbearing; Serbia; EU countries
- Summary/Abstract:Consideration of age pattern of childbearing contributes to a more precise perception of the fertility of certain population. In this regard, the focus are the changes in reproductive behavior in Serbia compared to the current EU countries over the last six decades. The phenomenon of low birth is a characteristic of all European countries, while differences are present in the period of the beginning of this trend the range of values of the rate of total fertility, and, to a certain extent, the determining factors. Besides Serbia, in analyzing the age pattern of childbearing, the focus, is on the countries with the highest and lowest fertility, according to the latest available data (2017). The comparative analysis can serve in determininge the specific characteristics of the reproductive model of women in Serbia, prevalence of the phenomenon, while also pointingto the eventual course of social action.
Zašto muškarci žive kraće od žena?
Zašto muškarci žive kraće od žena?
(Why Men Live Shorter Than Women?)
- Author(s):Ivan Marinković
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology, Demography and human biology, Migration Studies
- Page Range:27-45
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:mortality; sex mortality differences; European trends; Serbia
- Summary/Abstract:Men and women do not share a common mortality pattern nowhere in the world, and it is men who are always disadvantaged when it comes to health. Apart from biological determinants, the discrepancy is further enlarged by different behavior of men and women. Men tend to consume more tobacco and alcohol, have worse diet and take less care of their personal health, as well as visit their doctors less frequently then women. Also, the violent causes of death are more frequent in men. A review of the available literature and the papers published by the author on the given topic shows the complex relationship between factors that affect differential mortality by sex. The aim of the paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current findings on the factors that lead to the difference in mortality by sex, both in the world and in Serbia. Differences in mortality per sex in Serbia are moderate, and the analysis of certain factors of mortality that affect life expectancy point to smoking as the single biggest cause of higher mortality in men. By eliminating smoking, we could bring about a significant change in mortality for both men and women, and reduce the sex determined difference in life expectancy by half.
Mere bezbednosti medicinskog karaktera u krivičnom zakonodavstvu Republike Srbije
Mere bezbednosti medicinskog karaktera u krivičnom zakonodavstvu Republike Srbije
(Medical Security Measures in the Criminal Legislation of the Republic of Serbia)
- Author(s):Jagoda Drljača
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Sociology, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:47-67
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:criminal sanctions; medical security measures; unaccountability; risk of a repeat offense; duration of the measure
- Summary/Abstract:The subject of this paper are the four security measures that represent criminal sanctions based on the risk that the perpetrator will re-commit the crime, that is, the unlawful act envisaged in the law as a criminal offense, that as such have a special preventive function. The risk of reoffending may have its source in a mental disorder, tendency to overuse alcohol or psychoactive substances, and may arise from some circumstances that have had a particular effect on individuals to commit the act. The findings and opinion on the mental health of a person are given by an expert psychiatrist, and the final decision on the (in)accountability and fulfillment of conditions for declaring a safety measure of a medical character is within the competence of the judge. The Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia prescribes 11 security measures, four of which are of medical nature: security measure of mandatory psychiatric treatment and care in a healthcare institution, security measure of mandatory psychiatric treatment without institutionalization, security measure of mandatory drug treatment and mandatory treatment of alcoholics. The aim of this paper is to study these four measures from their historical beginnings, to the present, explain the relevant legislation and point out the shortcomings of the existing legislation and current tendencies in the development of these measures. Given that these are measures that deeply affect human rights, and since they have been amended only once and insufficiently so, the analysis of the legal solutions concerning these measures represents only the first, theoretical step, in the effort to emphasize the need of their amendment.
Uloga i značaj sindikata za unapređenje socijalno-pravnog statusa različitih kategorija radnika – izazovi savremenog evropskog prava
Uloga i značaj sindikata za unapređenje socijalno-pravnog statusa različitih kategorija radnika – izazovi savremenog evropskog prava
(The Role and Importance of Trade Unions for the Improvement of the Social and Legal Status of Various Categories of Workers – Challenges of Modern European Law)
- Author(s):Sanja Stojković Zlatanović
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics, Socio-Economic Research, Labour and Social Security Law
- Page Range:69-85
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:trade unions; social non-governmental organization; collective complaints; tripartism plus principle
- Summary/Abstract:The paper involves applying sociological, normative and comparative methods in critically analyzing the role of trade unions, as well as social non-governmental organizations in the context of improving the social status of different categories of workers. Particular consideration is given to possible forms of cooperation in controlling the implementation of the provisions of ratified international treaties, particularly, the European and Revised European Social Charter. Furthermore, the paper deals with cooperation between trade unions and social non-governmental organizations regarding the adoption of national legal standards in terms of improving the working conditions, as well as judicial protection of workers’ rights. The adoption of the principle of tripartism plus has been identified as an adequate normative response in the context of trade unions’ decline, and changes in the labor market and organization of work caused by globalization, advances in technologies, and information society development.
Način upotrebe poljoprivrednog zemljišta i zdravlje ljudi u Republici Srbiji i Evropskoj uniji
Način upotrebe poljoprivrednog zemljišta i zdravlje ljudi u Republici Srbiji i Evropskoj uniji
(Manners of Using Agricultural Land and Human Health in Serbia and EU)
- Author(s):Sofija Nikolić Popadić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Agriculture, Energy and Environmental Studies, International Law
- Page Range:87-107
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:agricultural land; artificial fertilizers; pesticides; European Union directives; human health
- Summary/Abstract:The use of agricultural land can have a significant impact on human health. Different types of agricultural production can contribute to reducing or increasing the occurrence of potentially harmful consequences. Modern, conventional agriculture facilitated the production of larger amounts of food for the growing world population, but it also brought many challenges. In the pursuit of greater productivity, farmers use different types of artificial fertilizers and pesticides, which have the effect of increasing yields, but at the same time they can cause many negative consequences, especially if the appropriate regulations and agrotechnical measures are not respected. The research includes analysis of the legal regulations of the European Union and Republic of Serbia in this field. Particular focus is on the compliance of Serbian regulations with the EU directives that aim to reduce the negative impact of fertilizer and pesticide use on human health and the environment. According to the current regulations, one of the basic preventive measures is to limit the quantity and control their use. At the same time, this measure constitutes a restriction on property rights in public interest and a form of social care for public health, which consists of providing conditions for the supply of safe food (Law on Public Health, Art. 13). Numerous studies have shown a connection between the harmful effects of pesticides and the occurrence of various diseases, as well as the high risk of poisoning, especially among those participating in their use, as well as among consumers of agricultural products. Groundwater pollution due to inadequate and excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides can also adversely affect human health. The paper highlights difficulties that exist in this area, as well as the need to implement changes that should contribute to the reduction of use of fertilizers and pesticides and their harmful effects.
Pravni okvir i politike upravljanja rizicima u brokersko-dilerskim društvima i ovlašćenim bankama
Pravni okvir i politike upravljanja rizicima u brokersko-dilerskim društvima i ovlašćenim bankama
(Legal Framework and Policies of Risk Management in Investment Companies)
- Author(s):Ranko Sovilj
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Law on Economics, Financial Markets
- Page Range:109-125
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:investment company; risk exposure; liquidity; capital adequacy; risk management
- Summary/Abstract:The outbreak of the global economic crisis in 2007 opened many questions about the causes of the crisis. After the economic crisis broke out, the question arose as to how to regulate risk management in the investment companies, that is, how to prevent the unintended consequences of the crisis, when it would occur. One of the causes of the crisis was the complete absence of legal regulation, that is, the deregulation of the capital market. Therefore, the paper deals with the normative frameworks and conditions of business of investment companies, as key participants in the capital market. The focus of the research is on the legal regime, the legal consequences and the possibilities of limiting risks in the business of investment companies. The author point out how the application of newly adopted international standards will increase the stability of the capital market, that is, how it will contribute to more efficient and effective risk management in investment companies. Finally, the proposed solutions will be compared with the position of investment firms in the national law. Precisely, the use of comparative method will enable critical exploration of the proposed solutions and principles from the perspective of national law.
Inkluzivne i ekstraktivne institucije kao faktori ekonomskog rasta
Inkluzivne i ekstraktivne institucije kao faktori ekonomskog rasta
(Inclusive and Extractive Institutions as Factors of Economic Growth)
- Author(s):Ivana Ostojić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:127-140
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:inclusive institutions; extractive institutions; economic growth; rule of law; corruption
- Summary/Abstract:Stable and high-quality institutions are very important drivers of economic growth. For the economies that have low rates of economic growth, high rates of unemployment, high corruption, where there is no rule of law, while their residents live in poverty, building stable, inclusive institutions can encourage higher-yielding activities. Specifically, geographic location, climatic conditions, cultural characteristics and work ethic of countries were explored, and attempts made to find out why certain societies are poor and do not succeed in achieving economic success. However, institutions are the reason that countries with significant natural resources remain poor and economically underdeveloped, despite the resources that can help them in making progress. Economic institutions create incentives, such as education, savings, investment, innovation, for achieving the economic progress. Political institutions, on the other hand, allow citizens to control politicians and influence their behavior by determining whether government representatives will be citizens’ representatives and represent their interests, or will abuse their position through usurpation of power. The paper analyzes inclusive and extractive institutions and their impact on economic growth and sustainable development. The aim of the paper is to show that institutions and institutional mechanisms as drivers of economic growth are a key factor in explaining differences in economic growth rates between developed and less developed countries. The analysis includes World Governance Indicators (WGI) (with special reference to indicators related to the rule of law and control of corruption), International Property Rights Index (IPRI), Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) and Social Progress Index (SPI), to explore the quality of the institutions surrounding us and make comparison with other countries in the region, but also the developed countries of the world. Based on this analysis, recommendations will be made for further development and progress of the society.
Brisanje identiteta: represija nad katalonskim jezikom u savremeno doba
Brisanje identiteta: represija nad katalonskim jezikom u savremeno doba
(IDENTITY ERASURE: THE REPRESION AGAINST CATALAN LANGUAGE IN MODERN TIMES)
- Author(s):Ivana Arsić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Language studies, Nationalism Studies, Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:143-159
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Catalan language; cultural identity; deculturalization; coexistence in multiculturalism; linguistic repression
- Summary/Abstract:This article aims to present the problem of repression against the cultural identity of the Catalans, focusing especially to its most important component - language. The purpose of this paper is to determine more clearly the extent, causes and consequences of the diminishing of the Catalan language in modern age by using sociolinguistic and linguocultural approaches. In addition to the scientific knowledge and experience of numerous authors featured in a wealth of linguistic, ethnographic, legal and historiographic literature, the data will consist of the material collected from royal decrees, the Spanish constitution, Catalan Statutes, laws and manifestos. In conclusion, we will try to demonstrate to what extent the attitude towards Catalan cultural identity has changed since the transition to democracy in 1978, in order to determine the level of repression today.
Luksovo shvatanje društvene moći i dominacije
Luksovo shvatanje društvene moći i dominacije
(Lukes’ Viewpoints on Social Power and Domination)
- Author(s):Vladimir S. Mentus
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Political Theory, Social Theory, Sociology of Politics
- Page Range:160-179
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Lukes; social power; domination
- Summary/Abstract:In this paper, we examine Steven Lukes’ viewpoints on social power and domination. First, we present a discussion on the latency of conflict of interests, and in that sense, four different viewpoints on power and domination – the one-dimensional model by Dahl, two-dimensional model by Bachrach and Baratz, three-dimensional model by Lukes, and capillary model by Foucault. Further, we present Lukes’ viewpoints on social power in more detail (and in this sense his critique of behaviorism, methodological individualism, and theoretical pluralism), as well as the relationship between power and domination, and his viewpoints on adaptive preferences, “real interests” and “false consciousness”, which are crucial to this perspective. Finally, we present some attempts to apply Lukes’ theoretical framework in empirical studies of power, as well as some critiques of his viewpoints.
Pravo na političko predstavljanje nacionalnih manjina: međunarodni standardi i primena ovog prava u Republici Srbiji
Pravo na političko predstavljanje nacionalnih manjina: međunarodni standardi i primena ovog prava u Republici Srbiji
(The Right to Political Representation of National Minorities: International Standards and Its Implication in the Republic of Serbia)
- Author(s):Ksenija Marković
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Government/Political systems, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Sociology of Politics
- Page Range:181-207
- No. of Pages:28
- Keywords:right to political representation; political integration; minority parties; national minorities; Republic of Serbia
- Summary/Abstract:Pravo na političko predstavljanje nacionalnih manjina u Republici Srbiji se definiše kao grupno pravo i može se ostvariti putem većinskih stranaka ili manjine za tu svrhu mogu osnivati svoje manjinske stranke. Putem političkih partija, nacionalne manjine su participirale u Narodnoj skupštini i Vladi Republike Srbije. Tema ovog rada je analiza ostvarivanja prava na političko predstavljanje nacionalnih manjina u Republici Srbiji i uticaj primene ovog prava na proces integracije nacionalnih manjina. Kao jedinica analize uzeta je politička participacija nacionalnih manjina na parlamentarnim izborima. Kako bi ponudila objektivnu procenu primene prava na političko predstavljanje u Srbiji, autorka prvo analizira preporuke Visokog komesara za nacionalne manjine: Preporuke iz Lunda i Ljubljanske smernice i Tematski komentar br. 2 Okvirne konvencije za zaštitu nacionalnih manjina, sa namerom da utvrdi i prikaže koji su to međunarodni standardi u ovoj oblasti. Ambicija autorke je da pokuša da odgovori na sledeće istraživačko pitanje: da li postojeći model političke integracije u kome primarnu ulogu imaju manjinske stranke podstiče međustranačku kompeticiju, kada govorimo o parlamentarnim izborima? Kako bi odgovorila na postavljeno istraživačko pitanje, autorka analizira odlike političke integracije nacionalnih manjina u Republici Srbiji i daje komparativnu analizu izbornih rezultata manjinskih stranaka na parlamentarnim izborima 2014. i 2016. godine. Nakon toga poredi broj osvojenih glasova na parlamentarnim i lokalnim izborima, kako bi utvrdila ima li razlike u distribuciji glasova unutar jedne manjinske zajednice. Autorka zaključuje da trend dominacije monoetničkih stranaka ne doprinosi procesu integracije jer produbljuje etnokulturalne podele i razlike, naročito između većinske nacije i pripadnika nacionalnih manjina.
Halifat u diskursu Islamske države – politički mit
Halifat u diskursu Islamske države – politički mit
(Caliphate in the Discourse of the Islamic State – A Political Myth)
- Author(s):Marko S. Jovanović
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Geopolitics, Politics and Identity
- Page Range:209-231
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:The Islamic State; Caliphate; Political Myth; Political Discourse
- Summary/Abstract:Even though the Islamic State basically suffered the defeat and lost all of the territories it once controlled, the idea of reestablishing the Islamic caliphate that this organization is advocating, remains attractive to some. For this reason, this paper aims to explore the political discourse of the Islamic State, the ways that caliphate is being used in it, as well as the ways in which the self-proclaimed caliphate is trying to present itself to its target group, the Muslim Ummah. As this discourse contains many elements of political myths, in order to do so, we will first try to briefly define political myths and point to their constructions, contents, basic functions and purposes. This will be followed by a short overview of the historical development of the institution of caliphate, created through numerous socio-historical processes and events that since the 7th century, have shaped the perception of this term and the mythical narrative on the caliphate. After providing a brief history of the so-called Islamic State, we will analyze the use of caliphate in its discourse and try to explain the main messages and the most important socio-psychological and political functions of this narrative. Finally, we will point out some factors and circumstances that contributed to the recent actualization of the caliphate myth and its growing popularity.
Dva primera upotrebe teorije grafova u društvenim naukama: Analiza interakcija na Tviteru tokom izbora 2016. u Srbiji i analiza GivingBalkans podataka o filantropiji na Zapadnom Balkanu
Dva primera upotrebe teorije grafova u društvenim naukama: Analiza interakcija na Tviteru tokom izbora 2016. u Srbiji i analiza GivingBalkans podataka o filantropiji na Zapadnom Balkanu
(Two Examples of the Use of Graph Theory in Social Sciences: Analysis of Interactions on Twitter during the 2016 Elections in Serbia and Analysis of the GivingBalkans Data on Philanthropy in the Western Balkans)
- Author(s):Marko Galjak
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Media studies, Electoral systems, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:233-251
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:social network analysis; Twitter; philanthropy; politics; graph
- Summary/Abstract:Graph theory and social network analysis are increasingly being used in various disciplines for data analysis and data visualization. Moving the focus from entities to the connections they form, reveals a completely new dimension for research, a dimension which is often overlooked. Here I present two examples of applying the graph theory and social network analysis. In the first example I analyze the interactions of Serbian politicians on Twitter during parliamentary elections of 2016. Twitter was chosen as an online social network which takes a special place in the public discourse, but also for its transparency. Social network analysis can offer new insights which we could never obtain by performing content analysis, or looking into conventional metrics such as number of flowers or number of retweets. The insights gained by this analysis can be used by the political actors, to see the failings of their Twitter presence and potentials to improve it, but can also be useful to the wider public and researchers. The second example is related to data on philanthropy. Catalyst Balkans, a regional nonprofit from Belgrade collects data on donations from the Western Balkans, who gives to whom, in what way and for what purpose. This kind of data is then abstracted as graphs and this enables us to have a much clearer picture of the philanthropy landscape, then the conventional analysis of philanthropy.
Da li sam moralno odgovorna za maltretiranje psa na pustom ostrvu? Moralna odgovornost i društvena zajednica
Da li sam moralno odgovorna za maltretiranje psa na pustom ostrvu? Moralna odgovornost i društvena zajednica
(Am I Morally Responsible for Abuse of a Dog on a Desert Island? Moral Responsibility and Social Community)
- Author(s):Marina Budić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Ethics / Practical Philosophy
- Page Range:253-271
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:moral responsibility; reactive attitudes; Peter Strawson; social community
- Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with the notion of moral responsibility. The subject of this paper is Strawson’s conception of moral responsibility, with particular reference to the question of the intersubjective nature of this responsibility. The aim is to determine whether moral responsibility, according to Strawson’s view, is intrinsically intersubjective in character, to answer the question whether it is possible to be morally responsible in the absence of a social community. The basic hypothesis of the research is that in Strawson’s conception of moral responsibility this responsibility is intrinsically intersubjective. This means that it is not possible to talk about moral responsibility in the absence of a moral community. The subject of this paper is also a critical consideration of criticisms addressed to Strawson’s understanding. I have tried to provide a plausible solution to these problems and point out significant conceptual distinction. I have considered the meaning of the question whether moral responsibility is essentially interpersonal. First, it is necessary to establish the meaning of the terms moral responsibility and moral community, as well as the term interpersonal (intersubjective), to figure out if the dispute about the different responses to the question (whether it is possible to be morally responsible in the absence of a social community) is substantial, or it appears because of the different interpretations of the meaning of those terms. Numerous misunderstandings regarding the answers to the exact questions arise precisely because of the difference in the meaning and interpretation of these terms. The value of the work is reflected in the exploration and explication of the concept of moral responsibility and its aspects, as well as in understanding the relationship between moral responsibility and moral community within Strawson’s point of view. The importance of examining moral responsibility is reflected in society nowadays. The issue of moral responsibility is very important for a person as an individual, i.e. a self-conscious, cultivated, moral being, as well as in general, for the moral or social community in which he or she lives. This problem is represented and researched in various fields of philosophy (ethics, normative and metaethics, applied ethics, political philosophy, metaphysics), as well as in legal studies, psychology, cognitive science. Interdisciplinarity in studying the term demonstrates its importance in different spheres of human life, which also means that it could be considered in the context of a number of different aspects. However, this notion is of utmost importance in ethics. In the first part of the paper, I consider the notion of moral responsibility as susceptibility to reactive attitudes. This is the conception developed by Peter Strawson. One of its implications, which I focus on in the paper, can be expressed as follows: There can be no moral responsibility without a moral community. The slogan captures the spirit of the popular approach to moral responsibility, according to which such responsibility is intrinsically interpersonal, namely, it cannot exist without a moral community. The paper deals with the problems of this position and points out possible solutions.
O autorima
O autorima
(About the Authors)
- Author(s):Author Not Specified
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Philosophy, Social Sciences, Economy, General Reference Works
- Page Range:272-276
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:Authors; Biographies
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter provides brief biographical and professional profiles of the authors who contributed to the volume, detailing their academic backgrounds, current institutional affiliations, research interests, and significant publications.
